1, the Egyptian Museum
The Egyptian Museum is located in Tahrir Square in the center of Cairo, built and opened in 1902, is the world's most famous and largest museum of ancient Egyptian antiquities.
The museum collects 250,000 historical artifacts from the Pharaonic era of Ancient Egypt 5000 years ago to the sixth century AD, with most of the exhibits dating back more than 3,000 years.
The museum is divided into two floors and the exhibits are displayed in dozens of rooms in chronological order.
Many of the artifacts in the museum, such as the massive stone elephant of the Pharaohs, the royal treasures of the court made of solid gold, a large number of mummies, and the 242-pound solid gold mask and coffin of Tutankhamun, are amazingly well crafted.
2, pyramids
Egypt **** found 96 pyramids, the largest is the three pyramids of Giza, a suburb of Cairo.
The pyramids were tombs built by ancient Egyptian kings for themselves.
The Great Pyramid is the mausoleum of the second king of the fourth dynasty, Khufu, built in 2690 BC or so, the original height of 146.5 meters, due to weathering over the years, the top of the peeling 10 meters, the current height of 136.5 meters; the base of the base of each side of the length of more than 230 meters, triangular face slope 51 degrees, the bottom of the tower of the area of 52,900 square meters; the tower body is made of 2.3 million pieces of stone, each piece of stone weighs an average of 2.5 tons.
It is said that it took 100,000 people 20 years to build it.
The interior of this pyramid is open to the public and the passage is marvelously designed and calculated.
The second pyramid, the mausoleum of King Khufu's son King Havra, was built in 2650 B.C. It is 3 meters lower than the previous one, but the form of the building is more perfect and spectacular, with temples and other outbuildings and the famous Sphinx in front of the tower.
The face of the Sphinx reference to Havola, the body for the lion, 22 meters high, 57 meters long, carved elephant an ear is 2 meters high.
The entire statue except the lion's paw, all carved from a natural rock.
Because of the loose stone, and after more than 4,000 years, the whole carving of the elephant is seriously weathered.
In addition, the face is severely damaged, some say it is Mamluk used it as a target practice shooting caused, and some say it is the 18th century Napoleon invasion of Egypt left behind by the shelling of traces.
The third pyramid belonged to King Menkaure, grandson of Khufu, and was built around 2600 BC.
This was during the decline of the Fourth Dynasty, and the pyramid architecture began to decline.
The height of the Pyramid of Menkaurea was suddenly reduced to 66 meters, and the interior structure was in disarray.
On the south side of Khufu's pyramid is the famous Sun Boat Museum, where Khufu's son used the Sun Boat to transport Khufu's mummy to the pyramid for burial in those days, and then dismantled the boat and buried it in the ground.
The museum was built on the site where the sun boat was unearthed.
The hull of the ship is a purely wooden structure, bound with ropes.
3. Nile River
The Nile River originates from the Ethiopian plateau and flows through nine countries, Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, Zaire, Sudan and Egypt, with a total length of 6,700 kilometers, which is the first largest river in Africa and the second longest river in the world, with a navigable waterway of about 3,000 kilometers.
The Nile has two upper source rivers, the western source from the mountains of Burundi, the largest lake in Africa - Lake Victoria to the north, known as the White Nile; the eastern source from the Ethiopian plateau Lake Tana, known as the Blue Nile.
The Blue and White Nile converge in Khartoum, Sudan, and then flow into Egypt.
The Nile Valley and Delta are the cradle of Egyptian culture and one of the birthplaces of world culture.
The Nile is 1530 kilometers long in Egypt, forming a valley 3-16 kilometers wide on both banks, and splitting into two tributaries that flow into the Mediterranean Sea when it reaches Cairo.
These two tributaries alluvial formation of the Nile delta, an area of 24,000 square kilometers, is the most densely populated, the most productive areas of Egypt, the population accounts for 96% of the total number of the country, arable land accounted for the country's arable land area of two-thirds.
Almost all of Egypt's water comes from the Nile.
According to an agreement signed by the nine Nile Basin countries, Egypt's share of the river's water is 55.5 billion cubic meters per year.
There are many boats on the Nile in Cairo, which are modeled after the Pharaoh's boats, also known as the Pharaoh's boats, boating on the river at night, you can visit both sides of the beautiful scenery, but also to watch the famous Oriental dance show on board.
4, Saqqara pyramid
Saqqara pyramid is located in the southern suburbs of Cairo, 30 kilometers, the Nile River West Valley oasis outside the edge of the desert, consisting of a number of pyramids.
The most famous of these is the Step Pyramid, the mausoleum of King Zoser of the Third Dynasty of ancient Egypt, built around 2700 BC.
The pyramid is the earliest of the existing pyramids in Egypt, and is the world's earliest mausoleum built in stone.
The pyramid is in the shape of a 6-story stepped tower and is about 60 meters high.
There are also many tombs of nobles and ministers near this pyramid, where a large number of beautiful relief murals vividly depict the work and life of ancient Egyptians.
Also, the nearby Tomb of the Sacred Cow is very famous.
5. Ancient Castle
Built in 1176, it was constructed by King Saladin of the Ayyubid dynasty to protect Cairo against the Crusaders.
The *** - Ali *** Temple was built inside the city.
Inside the ancient citadel there is the Egyptian Military Museum, which displays the weapons, equipment, clothing, famous battles, fortifications and castles of the Egyptian army of all historical periods in kind, replicas, models, drawings and so on.
*** - Ali *** Temple was built in 1830, 1246 AH.
The entire building has the architectural style of the Abbasid period.
*** - Ali (1769-1849), an Albanian who became ruler of Egypt in 1805.
The majestic Ali *** Temple was built on a hilltop north of Cairo, the temple is square, with a high dome for the center of the temple, surrounded by four semi-circular temple and the main temple corresponds to the temple, and there are four high pillars in which to live.
*** There is a washroom in the center of the west side of the temple, which is used for *** worship.
The washroom is surrounded by four chains.
Inside the washroom in the center of the *** Temple, the outer wall is made of snowflake tiles, so it is also known as the Snowflake *** Temple.
6. Khan. Khalili Market
Located in the downtown area of Cairo (Old City), it consists of thousands of small individual stores spread out in dozens of small streets and alleys, many of which date back to the 14th century AD.
The market's narrow roads are lined with small stores selling gold and silver jewelry, copper plates, stone carvings, leather goods, and other traditional Egyptian handicrafts, and is known for its quaint storefronts and complete range of goods favored by foreign tourists.
This place was originally the cemetery of the descendants of the three Fatemeh dynasties. In the 14th century, the then ruler of Egypt, Khan Khalili, ordered the demolition of the cemetery on the grounds that Fatemeh was an apostate who had no right to build a cemetery, and financed the construction of a market here, that is, the Khan Khalili market.
Now it has become a symbol of Cairo's ancient culture and oriental *** colors, attracting tourists from all over the world.
Next to the market are the famous Al-Azhar *** Temple and Hussein *** Temple.
7. Pharaoh's Village
Located on a small island in the Nile River in the city of Cairo, the Pharaoh's Village, which covers an area of about 200 acres, was built by Dr. Hassan Rajab, the first Egyptian ambassador to China, in 1984 after discovering the papyrus papermaking process, which had been lost for a thousand years.
The village is home to a large collection of papyrus plants and has workshops where papyrus paper is made in the traditional way and straw paper paintings are made.
Inside the Pharaoh's Village, there are simulated Pharaoh's era of temples, manors, farms and other buildings, and there are people dressed in ancient costumes to demonstrate the production, home and religious ceremonies at the time of the scene, to show thousands of years ago, the ancient Egyptian economy and the social life of the picture.
In the village there is a model of the tomb of the famous pharaoh Tutankhamun and a model of the pyramid construction method on display, as well as a photo studio, restaurants and stores.
Alexandria
Located in the western part of the Nile Delta, near the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 100 square kilometers and a population of 3,050,000, Alexandria is the second-largest city in Egypt and Africa, and the largest port in Egypt and the Eastern Mediterranean.
The city was founded in 332 BC, because of the Greek Macedonian king Alexander the Great occupation of Egypt and named, is the ancient and medieval city, was the Mediterranean coastal political, economic, cultural and East-West trade centers, there are many places of interest.
Alexandria beautiful scenery, pleasant climate, is Egypt's "summer capital" and summer resort, known as the "Bride of the Mediterranean".
Existing cotton textile, automobile repair, petroleum refining and shipbuilding, one-third of the country's industries, is the Egyptian cotton trade market, the country's 80-90% of the import and export of materials through its western port.
Its main attractions are:
1, Summer Palace
That is, the Montezza Palace, is located in the eastern part of the city, covering an area of 155.4 hectares, surrounded by dense forest, is a unique garden.
Until 1952, it was the summer retreat of the royal family, and now the waterfront is open to visitors and anglers.
Inside the garden is the Palace of King Farouk (now the Egyptian State Guest House).
This Turkish-Florentine building was built at the turn of the century by Hedif Abbas II as a summer residence for the royal family.
The palace is closed to the public, so when looking at its exterior, be sure to notice the frequent appearance of the thematic letter F.
It is said that an annunciator told King Fouad that the letter F would bring good luck to his family, and from then on, he and his son Farouk named their children and grandchildren after F.
In 1951, King Fouad was the only king to have a royal residence in Turkey.
Farooq married Nariman in 1951 without changing her name, and when their son was born in January 1952, he named him Ahmed Fouad, with the letter F placed second, and Farooq was deposed six months later.
2. Kateba Castle
Formerly known as the Alexandria Lighthouse, one of the Seven Wonders of the World.
The lighthouse was built in 280 BC, the tower is about 135 meters high, after several earthquakes, in 1435 completely destroyed.
In 1480 its stones were used to build a castle on the same site, named after King Kateba.
In 1966, it was transformed into the Egyptian Maritime Museum, which exhibits models, murals, paintings, etc., presenting the history of Egyptian shipbuilding and navigation, starting from the straw boat 10,000 years ago.
With the ancient citadel of Cairo and known as Egypt's two major medieval citadel.
3, "Freedom" yacht
The world is still able to use the oldest royal yacht, built by the British shipbuilding company in 1865, the boat is 411 feet long, 42 feet wide, displacement of 3417 tons, to coal-fired steam engine for power, speed 16 nautical miles.
The boat was originally for the private use of the Egyptian royal family, and in 1868, it traveled to Europe to pick up European heads of state to participate in the Suez Canal International Opening Ceremony, and was the first ship to enter the Suez Canal from the north.
In 1952, the ship was renamed HMS Liberty, and is now owned by the Egyptian Navy, which uses it to demonstrate its level of ship repair and maintenance.
4. Treasure House
Originally the ancient residence of Princess Fatemeh, it was transformed into the *** - Ali Dynasty Treasure House in 1986, displaying crowns and jewelry, etc.
5.
5. Komtika
In the archaeological site in the center of the city of Alexandria, a Roman Opera House (a theater used for musical performances) and a large set of 3rd-century Roman baths were discovered.
Ptolemaic-era streets and stores were gradually excavated and unearthed, with stone columns and arches exposed.
The ruins give an idea of the extent of the area covered by the ancient city - if they were all excavated, the modern city would have to be demolished.
Address: the entrance is at the southern end of the Great Square of Ganhuria, opposite the railway station, 1 kilometer southeast of Saad Zeeglul Square.
Suez Canal
Located in northeastern Egypt, the choke Europe, Asia, Africa, the three continents of the main traffic, communication between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean, has an important strategic significance and economic significance.
1859-1869 by the French to invest in the excavation, Egypt has 100,000 civilian workers died as a result.
After the British bought 40% of the shares of the Canal Company, the British and French **** with the right to operate the canal, plundering the huge profits.
In 1956, President Ennasser announced the nationalization of the Canal, which led to the outbreak of the Anglo-French-Israeli War of aggression against Egypt.
In 1967-1975, the canal was closed for eight years due to the Arab-Israeli War.
In 1976-1985, Egypt *** spent about 2 billion dollars on a large-scale expansion of the canal, which significantly increased its navigability.
After the expansion of the canal length of 195 kilometers, the maximum width of 365 meters, the depth of 11 meters below 160 to 190 meters, the maximum draught depth of 16 meters, can pass 150,000 tons of fully loaded tankers.
In recent years, through the Suez Canal ships daily average of about 60, the canal annual income of nearly $ 2 billion.
Baref Line
After Israel occupied Egypt's Sinai Peninsula in the 1956 Middle East War, a defense line named after Chief of Staff Baref was built along the east bank of the Suez Canal in 1969.
The defense line extends from the port of Fouad in the north to the Gulf of Suez in the south, with a length of 175 kilometers, a depth of 30-35 kilometers, a total area of 5,000 square kilometers, and a cost of $238 million.
The line consists of three parallel lines of defense: the first line is the Suez Canal and the east bank of the river, where oil pipelines are buried under the embankment, which, when ignited during a war, can turn the canal into a sea of fire.
Along the river there was a 20-meter-thick sand embankment, behind which were built more than 30 forward support points, in front of which were barbed wire and minefields.
The second and third lines are ten or twenty kilometers away from the canal, and there are 11 core forts.
The core fort is generally a semi-underground multi-storey building, with reinforced concrete as the skeleton, the top of the rails and loaded in the iron net inside the stone masonry, 4-5 meters thick, can withstand heavy artillery shells and bombs direct attack.
The core fort consists of a number of bunkers, one of which is the brigade command post, some for the heavy artillery positions, some for the ammunition and logistical supplies warehouse, the fort has housing, command room, lookout and firing positions, storage for more than a month's worth of food and ammunition, bunkers connected to the trenches, the battle can be mutually supportive.
At present, in some parts of the former Palev defense line, still retains some of the fortifications for people to visit.
Especially in Ismailia, 10 kilometers away from the heights of Shadrach, which was once the front command post in the middle of the Baref line, has been converted into a war museum for people to visit.
Luxor
Located on the upper Nile, 670 kilometers from Cairo.
Known as TABE in ancient Egyptian times, it was part of Thebes, the capital of the ancient Egyptian Empire.
Around 1570 BC, the Thebans drove out the HIKUSOS and re-united Egypt around this center, creating a more powerful empire with territories stretching from Sudan in the south to Syria in the north.
This empire lasted for more than 1500 years, where many magnificent temples and royal tombs were built, making it a treasure trove of ancient Egyptian monuments and a must-see place to explore the ancient civilization of Egypt.
The main attractions are:
1. Luxor Temple
Luxor Temple is the temple of Mut, the wife of Amun, the main god of Thebes, and is second in size only to the Temple of Karnak.
It is breathtakingly majestic, with each pillar representing the majesty of the pharaohs, and the presence of which makes you forget the passage of time for a while and think about it in a thousand ways.
Much of the work here was done by the eighteenth pharaoh, Amenophis III, and later Ramses II added the gate and courtyard, and erected six statues of him at the entrance, three of which survive.
The temple originally contained two pointed obelisks, one of which was given to France by *** - Ali, and is now in the Place de la Concorde, Paris.
2, Karnak Temple
Karnak Temple is located 5 kilometers north of Luxor, is the most spectacular temple left in the ancient Egyptian Empire, because of its vast scale and world-famous, only well-preserved part of the area of more than 30 hectares.
The entire complex includes more than 20 shrines of all sizes.
Inside the compound, there is the Pagoda Gate which is 44 meters high and 131 meters wide.
The Hall of the Great Pillars is 102 meters wide and 53 meters deep, with its *** 134 giant stone pillars, which are magnificent and shocking.
The largest 12 of them are 23 meters high and have a circumference of 15 meters, with enough space for 50 people to stand on them.
In the evening, there is a sound and light show, with colorful light changes reflecting the ruins, accompanied by narration and music, which recounts the life of the ancient Egyptian people to the visitors.
The Temple of Amun is located 4 kilometers north of the town of Luxor, is the main part of the Temple of Karnak, where is enshrined the main god of Thebes - the sun god Amun, was built more than 3,000 years ago in the Seventeenth Dynasty, and in the 1,300 years since then has been constantly added to the expansion of the temple **** there are ten lofty gateway, three majestic halls.
The Temple of Amun is best known for its Hall of Stone Pillars (pictured), which contains 134 huge pillars that require six people to hold, each 21 meters in length and said to be able to stand a hundred or so people at the top.
These pillars have survived for more than 3,000 years without a single one tipping over, which is a marvel to behold.
The columns and walls of the temple are carved with exquisite reliefs and colorful paintings, which record the myths and legends of ancient Egypt and the daily life of the people at that time.
In addition, the temple is also famous for its obelisks and statues of pharaohs and concubines.
3. The Colossus of Memnon
The Colossus of Memnon is a pair of rocky statues that stand on the west bank of the Nile River and on the field between the Valley of the Kings.
Originally, they were statues in front of the temple of the Pharaoh "Amenhotep III", but the temple itself has disappeared.
The elephant is 20 meters high and so weathered that its face is unrecognizable.
The sitter was built by Amenhotep III at the height of the New Kingdom era.
Behind the seated figure was originally his funerary temple, but later pharaohs demolished the building and used him as stone for their own buildings.
By the time of the Ptolemies, the building was completely destroyed.
It was thought that the stone statue was a statue of Mennonite from Greek mythology, and it was named Mennonite.
Earthquakes during the Roman rule caused cracks in the statue.
Whenever the wind picked up, the Mennonite statue was magical as if it was singing.
The statue of Mennon never sang again after it was repaired.
4. Valley of the Kings
In a valley on the west bank of the Nile opposite to the city of Luxor, there is a concentration of tombs of many kings and royals, which is the famous Valley of the Kings.
Sixty-four pharaohs from the 17th to the 20th dynasties are buried here, of which only 17 are open.
The largest one is the Tomb of Shahti I of the 19th Dynasty, which is 210 meters horizontally from the entrance to the last chamber and 45 meters vertically down, with huge rocky caves dug as underground palaces, with walls and ceilings covered with frescoes, and ornate decorations of unimaginable magnificence.
The entrances to the caves often opened halfway up the mountainside, with tiny passages leading deeper into the caves, and the patterns and hieroglyphics on the walls of the passages are still very clear today.
All the tombs here date from the New Kingdom period.
From the ground level, the steps lead down through the antechamber to the chamber where the sarcophagus was placed.
The tombs of the 18th Dynasty are characterized by a right angle between the anterior chamber and the burial chamber, while after the 19th Dynasty most of them became rectilinear.
More than 60 tombs have been discovered in the Valley of the Kings I***, of which only 10 are now open to the public.
The Temple of the Burial of Ramses III:
When you enter the Arch of Triumph, the front is the Gate of Tower 1, which is 22 meters high and 63 meters wide at the top.
After that, in turn, there is the 1st courtyard, the 2nd courtyard, the Column Room and the Sacristy.
Here there are bas-reliefs showing the application of Ramses III: the crusade against the enemy, the killing of the bison, etc.
The second courtyard is the one with the most important sculptures of the city.
In the second courtyard, there is the Columnarium, made up of 24 stone columns, on top of which are preserved colorful bas-reliefs.
Rameshiyum is reached in the 2nd compound by going all the way forward from the entrance.
To its left is the 2nd tower gate and the 1st courtyard; to its right is the Column Room.
At the entrance of the Columnarium stand side by side four Osiris columns of Ramses II, in front of which is the head of the statue of Ramses II.
The main chambers of the Valley of the Kings open to the public:
1. Thutmose III (XVIIIth Dynasty): the tomb has a beautiful composition of lines.
2. Amenhotep II (18th Dynasty): the 2 columns inside the tomb are painted with the gods Oseris, Anubis, Harmur, Horus and Amenhotep II.
3. Tutankhamen (18th Dynasty): The mummy of the Pharaoh is still housed in the burial chamber.
On the front wall of the chamber, King Tutankhamen, who appears as the god Osiris, and his successor, King Ay, are painted.
4. King Horemumbhub ((18th Dynasty): beautiful frescoes inside;
5. Sitti II (19th Dynasty): with mummies;
6. Meneptah (19th Dynasty): sarcophagus made of red granite;
7. Queen Thaucelesto (19th Dynasty): wife of Sitti II;
8, Ramses I (Nineteenth Dynasty): fine frescoes;
9. Ramses III (Twentieth Dynasty): stone statue of a harp player;
10. Ramses IV (Twentieth Dynasty): huge sarcophagus;
11. Ramses VI (Twentieth Dynasty): well-preserved frescoes;
12. Ramses IX ( Twentieth Dynasty): smaller than the tomb of Ramses VI.
5. Valley of the Queens
Located in the western part of the Rocky Mountains, there are concentrated tombs of the Princesses, the size of the tomb is not as large as the King's Tomb, but the internal murals and the King's Tomb are completely different, the performance of the free-spirited, reflecting the Egyptian customs of the life at that time.
Hatshepsut was the daughter of Pharaoh Thutmose I of the 18th Dynasty, and she was another woman who became a pharaoh in addition to Cleopatra.
The Mausoleum of Hatshepsut is located at the northernmost point of the Acropolis of Thebes.
Hatshepsut built her mausoleum temple on a craggy cliff to show the longevity of her reign with an elegant effect.
The mausoleum temple is divided into three levels and is carved with many reliefs rich in meaning.
Hatshepsut was the first queen of Egypt.
After the death of her husband, Thutmose II, she acted as Queen Dowager for the younger Thutmose III, before making herself Queen.
She focused on trade, obtaining spices through trade with what is now the Somali region.
These scenes are also reflected in the murals of the Burial Temple.
As a female pharaoh, Hatshepsut had a strong political hand and was in a secret power struggle with her adopted son, later Thutmose III.
After her death, Thutmose III retaliated by destroying the mausoleum temples wherever there was an image of her.
The upper levels of the temple are currently being restored.
Aswan
Aswan, the capital of the Aswan Governorate, is the city with the cleanest and most beautiful streets in Egypt.
It is the capital of Aswan, the cleanest and most beautiful city in Egypt with the cleanest streets.
It is located on the east bank of the Nile in the southeast, under the "First Falls", 900 kilometers from Cairo.
Historically, it was the gateway to Nubia from southern Egypt, and a meeting point for water transportation and camel caravans.
In ancient Egyptian times, it was a center of trade with Sudan and Ethiopia (the Coptic word "Aswan" means "marketplace"
), and is now the administrative, commercial and industrial center of the province.
There are iron and steel, aluminium, fertilizer, sugar, textile, tannery and cement industries, as well as iron ore and stone mining.
The city retains a large number of temples and mausoleums, such as the famous Temple of Philae, the Temple of Abu Simbel, etc.; El Fontaine Museum has a collection of historical artifacts of the province.
The city has a strong tourism industry and is a popular winter destination.
Railroads and highways lead to Cairo, Alexandria and other cities, and there is an international airport.
There are two dams in the south of the city, the old dam built in 1902, 5.6 kilometers from the city, the dam height of 53 meters, 2,152 meters long, the reservoir storage of 5.3 billion cubic meters of water, can generate 34.5 million kilowatts of electricity, irrigated 570,000 hectares of farmland.
Aswan High Dam completed in July 1970, irrigation, flood control, power generation, transportation and comprehensive benefits.
It can provide 74 billion cubic meters of stable and reliable irrigation water annually, and generate 10 billion kWh of electricity annually, which is transmitted to Cairo and Lower Egypt through two 500 kV high-voltage transmission lines and supplied locally.
The city of Aswan is small, but the terrain is treacherous, with the Nile flowing northward adding to the scenery.
In ancient times there were post and barracks here, and it was also a major trading post with its southern neighbors.
Its winters are dry and warm, making it a place for healing and sightseeing.
Its main attractions:
1. The Temple of Philae
Philae Island is 15 kilometers south of Aswan, 450 meters long and 150 meters wide.
Known as the "Pearl on the Throne of the Ancient Egyptian Kings", the ancient Egyptian temple complex, built on Philae Island, a small island in the Nile River south of the city of Aswan, is famous for its brilliant and peculiar architecture, magnificent and vivid stone carvings and mythological stories on the stone wall reliefs.
It was partially submerged in 1902 when Aswan's low dam impounded the waters of the Nile.
The temple was almost completely submerged when a high dam was built on the south side of Philae Island in the 1960s.
In order to protect these precious relics from destruction, from 1972, Egypt *** built a cofferdam around the temple, drained the river in the cofferdam, and then dismantled the group of temples into more than 45,000 stone blocks and more than 100 stone pillars, and rebuilt them as they were in August 1979 on the island of Aghilkia, about 1 km from Philae.
On March 10, 1980, the Temple of Philae was officially reopened on its new site.
One of the oldest temples, that of King Nectaneb II, was built at the beginning of the 4th century A.D. The largest one, called the Temple of Aegeus, was built by King Ptolemy II Philadelphus.
How to get there: Take a cab from the city center to the pier, and then take a boat from the pier to the island of Philae.
2. Ancient Quarries
Just two kilometers from the city center of Aswan are the ruins of an ancient Egyptian quarry.
The quarry runs along the Nile River and is about 6 kilometers long.
Entering the quarry, you enter the world of granite.
The quality of the stone in the Aswan region is good, the color is mostly onyx red with small black dots, and the stone is smooth and lustrous, making it a luxury building material even in modern times.
At the site of the quarry, if you look carefully, you can see grooves cut into the rock.
It is said that ancient Egyptian stone was mined from Aswan and transported by water to meet the construction needs of the banks of the Nile.
One of the famous sights at the quarry site is the unfinished obelisk.
This massive obelisk, lying across the quarry, is 41 meters long and weighs 1267 tons, and was originally built by Queen Hatshepsut.
If this obelisk were erected, it would be the largest in all of Egypt.
The attraction is set up with a ladder so that visitors can climb the monument and meditate on the unanswered question of why the obelisk was not transported from here.
Those famous obelisks around the world, the ones looted from Egypt in the Place de la Concorde in Paris and the St. Peter's Basilica square in Rome, seem to appear in newspaper and magazine pictures more often than the native Egyptian obelisks.
Instead, the world's largest obelisk lies quietly on Egyptian soil, reclining in granite, on the banks of the Nile.
Unlike the obelisks we see in the temples and shrines, it has only completed the process of cutting the stone, along the uncarved and drawings, simple and more ancient charm.
The monument has been formed in several places cracks, history seems to be as heavy as this boulder, so that the creation of history of mankind itself is also unbearable load.
3. Abu Simbel Shrine
The Shrine of Abu Simbel is the first of its kind in the world. Abu Simbel Temples
The Abu Simbel Temples, a tourist highlight of Aswan, is located 280 kilometers south of Aswan and was built in 1300-1233 BCE by Ramses II, the greatest pharaoh of Ancient Egypt, and is the most protected relic of the pharaonic era of the New Empire.
The temple is 30 meters high, 36 meters wide and 60 meters deep, with four giant stone statues of Ramses sitting in front of the door, each 20 meters high, and beside the statues there are small statues of his mother, his wife and his children, all of which are very lifelike, and after more than 3,000 years of erosion, they are still intact.
The value of the Nubian monument came to the world's attention more than 30 years ago, when construction of the Aswan Dam began and the Nubian monument faced the prospect of sinking to the bottom of the lake for all eternity.
UNESCO appealed to the world to save Nubia and 51 countries responded.
From 1960 to 1980, experts carried out more than 40 large-scale campaigns to save the monument: archaeologists from 24 countries conducted field surveys of the territory threatened by the lake; 22 temples were oriented and counted, dismantled and moved in pieces to a safe place, and then rebuilt in their old form.
More than 3,000 years ago, the temple designers accurately used astronomy, astrology, geography, according to the requirements of the temple designed to be only on the birthday of Ramses II (February 21) and the foundation day (October 21), the rising sun's golden rays can be from the temple gate into the temple through the 60-meter-deep temple corridor, was scattered in the temple at the end of the stone statue of Ramses II of the entire body
In order to preserve the spectacle of the Day of the Sun, UNESCO launched a fundraising campaign to send the world's leading scientists and technicians to use state-of-the-art scientific and technological measurements to shift the Abu Simbel temple upwards by 60 meters in its original position to ensure that it would not be submerged by water.
In spite of all the efforts and efforts, the hour of the Day of the Sun was shifted back by one day due to misalignment.
The other major temples were rebuilt on four carefully chosen sites: the Roman temples of Calabooshe, Katasitin and Behwari, decorated with reliefs reflecting the lives of black Africans, now stand near the High Dam; the temples of Dhakka, Malalaga and Wattisebua were centrally located in Wattisebua; and the oldest temples of the region, Mada, which were built in Nubia in the 15th century BC under the reigns of Thutmose III and Amenophis II, were built on the same spot as the other major temples. The oldest temples in the region, the Mada temple complex and the small mausoleum of Penut, are now moved to Amada; and the Abu-Oda altar and the Pusa niche are sent across the Nile to Abu Simbel.