One: Cheerleading
Origin: Cheerleading was originally called Cheer Leading. The cheer part means to cheer up and boost morale. Cheerleading originated from the rituals of early tribal societies. In order to encourage warriors who go out to fight or hunt, they usually hold a ceremony in which the tribesmen cheer and dance to encourage the warriors, hoping to return in triumph. Cheerleading is an emerging sport in sports. It originated in the United States and can be found in NBA, football, baseball, swimming, track and field, wrestling and other competitions in the United States. It has a history of more than 100 years. What started as cheering for American football has grown to become a worldwide sport.
Basic information
Cheerleading is a popular and popular sport that integrates group exercises, dance, music, fitness and entertainment. A multi-person collective event
The World Cheerleading Championships are an important event in the global cheerleading community. From April 21st to 26th this year, the World Cheerleading Championships will be held at the Disneyland Arena in Orlando, USA. Tens of thousands of top players from more than 60 organizations and more than 20 countries around the world participated, including eight teams representing China for the first time.
Cheerleading is also a type of aerobics, but it is relatively For aerobics, it is relatively easy. It has always been used as a cheerleading performance during halftime of football games or other games. Later, it began to form an event for competitions. The cheerleading teams in China are Guangdong and Guangxi. The region is relatively famous ~ Shandong is represented by Shandong Normal University
With the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, the practical value of cheerleading’s unique health care, medical treatment, fitness, bodybuilding, and entertainment has been increasingly recognized. Many people pay attention to it. It attracts enthusiasts of different ages to participate and forms a certain scale of consumer groups. TV stations at all levels have produced special programs with competition and popularization as the content, and their viewing frequency is far higher than that of other programs.
Because cheerleading competitions can be held in gymnasiums and stages, coupled with the centralized use of venues during cheerleading, it has created opportunities for companies to combine competitions with advertising. Favored by enterprises.
Modern cheerleading appears in the form of a team and combines Dance (dance), Cheer (slogan), Partner Stunts (dance partner stunts, referring to difficult lifting movements), and Tumbling. (Skills), Basket Toss (Sedan Toss), Pyramid (Stacking Arhats), Jump (Jump) and other action techniques, combined with elements such as music, clothing, team formation changes and marking items (such as colored balls, slogan boards, trumpets and flags), A sport that complies with the gender, number of people, time limits, safety rules and other regulations in the competition rules is called competitive cheerleading, and it can also be called cheerleading. Competitive cheerleading is divided into skill cheerleading and dance cheerleading. Among them, skill cheerleading includes Mixed (male and female). Mixed group), All-Female (all-female group) and Partner stunts (dance partner stunts); the dance cheerleading team also includes four groups: Pom (flower ball), High kick (high kick), Jazz (jazz) and Prop (props) The entry criteria for the National Cheerleading Team Championships, which represents the highest level of cheerleading in the world: the number of teams must be between 6 and 32 people, and the competition is divided into four groups, namely amateur group, middle school group, college group and all-round group. Star group.
Several hand styles commonly used in cheerleading
There are many hand styles in cheerleading, which are absorbed from ballet, modern dance, disco, and martial arts. Developed. Hand shape is an extension and expression of arm movements. If used well, the cheerleading movements will be more colorful, lively and contagious.
(1) Close-to-gather style: five-finger extension. Straight and close to each other. The thumbs are slightly bent and the knuckles are close to the index finger.
(2) Split style: Straighten the five fingers forcefully and open them fully.
(3) Ballet posture: the five fingers are slightly bent, the last three fingers are close together and slightly adducted, and the thumb is buckled inward.
(4) Fist style: Make a fist, with the thumb outside, the knuckles bent, and close to the index finger and middle finger.
(5) Standing palm pose: Straighten the five fingers and tilt the palm upward with force.
(6) Spanish dance hand pose: use five fingers, bend the little finger, ring finger, and middle finger in sequence from the metacarpophalangeal joint, and buckle the thumb slightly inwards.
Celebrity participation
Cheerleading is loved by everyone from presidents and prime ministers to corporate white-collar workers and school students. Many presidents, prime ministers and other senior officials of the United States and Japan have also served as initiators and promoters of the Cheerleading Promotion Alliance.
It is considered an honor for many people to join the cheerleading team when they were in school, including former US Presidents Eisenhower and Ronald Reagan, current President George W. Bush, and movie stars Kirk Douglas and Cameron. Ron Diaz, Sandra Brooke, etc.
Spirit of the Times
Cheerleading is the most dazzling fashionable sport in the United States, with lifts, towers, somersaults, throws and catches... colorful and sparkling, full of youthful atmosphere.
Not only are the diversified performances dazzling, but cheerleading also combines teamwork, drive, confidence and enthusiasm, representing the spirit of enthusiasm and vitality. Therefore, many Fortune 500 companies have also encouraged and organized their employees to participate in this event.
China: Already started
After the development of cheerleading in the United States passed its 100th birthday, China's specialized cheerleading competition is quietly emerging.
Taking the opportunity of the 2008 Olympic Games, the Cultural Activities Department of the 29th Olympic Games Organizing Committee and the Gymnastics Management Center of the State Sports General Administration jointly organized the "Beijing Olympic Sports Exhibition Live Performance Cheerleading Selection Competition" It came into being.
Two: Aerobics
Aerobics is a popular and popular sport that integrates group exercises, dance, music, fitness and entertainment. .
The aerobics competition includes men’s singles and women’s singles. Mixed pairs, triples (male 3rd; female 3rd; mixed 3rd person), mixed 6th person (male 3rd, female 3rd) cheerleading, etc. The competition is divided into two categories according to its nature: championship and championship.
Calisthenics originated in 1968. The first aerobics competition was held in the United States in 1983, and the first Far East Aerobics Competition was held in Japan in 1984. Due to the success of the two competitions, aerobics has flourished all over the world since 1984. Events held internationally every year include: Aerobics World Championships, World Cups, World Championships, and World Tours. The International Aerobics Committee strives to bring aerobics into the Olympic Games in 2004.
With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, more and more people are paying attention to the unique practical value of aerobics in health care, medical treatment, fitness, bodybuilding and entertainment. It attracted enthusiasts of different ages to participate and formed a certain size of consumer group. TV stations at all levels have produced special programs focusing on aerobics competition and popularization, and their viewing frequency far exceeds other programs.
Since aerobics competitions can be held in gymnasiums and stages, and the concentrated use of venues during aerobics, it creates opportunities for companies to combine competitions with advertising. Aerobics projects are favored by more and more companies.
In 1987, Beijing held the first National Aerobics Invitational Competition. Subsequently, four invitational competitions were held in Beijing, Guiyang, Kunming and Beijing in 1988, 1989, 1990 and 1991. In 1992, it was renamed the National Championship and became a traditional event held every year. In addition, two National Aerobics Championships were held in Beijing in 1992 and 1995. In 1998, the National Championships and National Aerobics Games were held.
<1>The content and classification of aerobics
1. The content of aerobics
A set of aerobics movements is composed of a single movement. Movements derived from calisthenics, rhythmic gymnastics, and dance.
(1) Alarm gymnastics movements
Alarm gymnastics movements are the most basic content of aerobics movements. It consists of flexion and extension of the head and neck, upper limbs, chest, waist, lower limbs and other parts. It consists of basic movements such as turning, winding, lifting, swinging and vibrating. Only by correctly mastering the freehand gymnastics movements can it be possible to complete the aerobics movements in a coordinated and accurate manner.
There is a big difference in the completion methods between freehand gymnastics and aerobics, which is mainly reflected in the rhythm of movement, direction of movement, route and shape. Because new and unique hand shapes and steps are added to aerobics, especially hip movements, aerobics movements are more colorful.
(2) Freehand movements of rhythmic gymnastics
Wave movements are typical movements of rhythmic gymnastics. In addition, swings, circles, flexion and extension, balance, turns, jumps, dance steps and similar skill movements are also part of the aerobics movements.
The freehand practice of rhythmic gymnastics can not only cultivate people's aesthetic appreciation of movements, but also effectively enhance physical fitness, improve coordination, and increase the difficulty value of complete sets of movements.
(3) Simple movements in modern dance
Aerobics absorbs a large number of movements of the upper and lower limbs, trunk, head and neck and foot steps in disco dance, jazz dance and break dance. Especially hip movements, which add vitality to aerobics, and at the same time, are also helpful in reducing the accumulation of fat in the buttocks and abdomen, and improving the coordination and flexibility of movements.
In addition, many movements in folk dance, queues and formation changes in basic gymnastics are also part of aerobics.
2. Classification of aerobics
Aerobics can be divided into two categories: competitive aerobics and fitness aerobics. Competitive aerobics is organized, trained and competed in accordance with the requirements of competitive aerobics rules. Fitness aerobics is universal and there is no uniform requirement.
(1) Competitive aerobics
Competitive aerobics is currently divided into three types of competitions: (1) National Aerobics Competition; (2) National Employee Aerobics Competition; (3) National College Student Aerobics Competition. Competitive aerobics has strict and unified standards in terms of the size of the practice venue, the number of people practicing, specific movements, the speed of the movements, etc. It must be carried out in accordance with the rules and cannot be changed without authorization.
(2) Fitness and aerobics
The purpose of fitness and aerobics is to improve health and can be used by people of different ages in society. It is created according to the needs of the practice objects. The movements are simple and easy to learn, the rhythm is slightly slower, and the duration varies. It can be arranged from 5 minutes to 1 hour. For example, a set of elementary aerobics compiled by the famous American aerobics star Jane Fonda lasts 27 minutes. In Japan, normal aerobics takes about one hour. At present, fitness and aerobics are widely carried out in my country. There is no unified standard for the practice time, venue, number of people, content, action names, rhythm, etc. of various sets of aerobics movements, which can be arranged according to the needs of the practitioners.
In addition to the above classification, aerobics can also be classified into the following categories according to certain characteristics:
(1) According to the main purpose and task of exercise, it can be divided into mass Aerobics and competitive aerobics;
(2) According to the form of exercise, it can be divided into freehand aerobics, aerobics with light equipment and aerobics using specialized aerobics equipment;
(3) According to the gender characteristics of the practitioners, it can be divided into women's aerobics and men's aerobics;
(4) According to the characteristics of the practitioners at different ages, it can be divided into children's aerobics, children's aerobics aerobics, youth aerobics, youth aerobics, middle-aged aerobics and elderly aerobics;
(5) According to the anatomical structure characteristics of the human body, the body parts can often be divided into neck aerobics, shoulder aerobics Aerobics, arm aerobics, chest aerobics, waist and abdominal aerobics, hip aerobics, leg aerobics and foot aerobics;
(6) According to the content characteristics of the movements, they can be divided into It includes body aerobics, posture aerobics, running and jumping aerobics, and surface aerobics.
<2>Several hand types commonly used in aerobics
There are many hand types in aerobics, which are absorbed and developed from ballet, modern dance, disco, and martial arts. . Hand shape is the extension and expression of arm movements. If used well, aerobics movements will be more colorful, lively and contagious.
(1) Close together pose: Straighten the five fingers and close together. The thumb is slightly flexed, with the knuckle next to the index finger.
(2) Split style: Straighten the five fingers forcefully and fully open them.
(3) Ballet posture: the five fingers are slightly bent, the last three fingers are close together and slightly adducted, and the thumb is buckled inwards.
(4) Fist style: Make a fist, with the thumb outside, the knuckles bent, and close to the index finger and middle finger.
(5) Standing palm pose: Straighten the five fingers and tilt the palm upward with force.
(6) Spanish dance hand pose: use five fingers, bend the little finger, ring finger, and middle finger in sequence from the metacarpophalangeal joint, and buckle the thumb slightly inward.
1. Reasonably arrange the time and frequency of practice
Aerobics exercises can be arranged in the morning, day or night according to your work, study situation and living habits.
Among them, the period from 3 pm to 8 pm is the best, because during this time, physical strength is relatively strong, and exercising after work can also eliminate fatigue. Arrange 2-3 times a week, 1-2 hours each time. For example, if you practice before a meal, you need to rest for half an hour before eating. If you practice after a meal, you need to rest for more than 1 hour. If you practice at night, it should end two hours before going to bed. , to avoid falling asleep due to excessive excitement.