One, stimulate students' interest in writing, so that students are willing to write and enjoy writing.
"Interest is the best teacher." Students like to do what they are interested in, students can only build confidence in their own interested in action, writing essays is the same, only let the students taste the fun of writing in writing, in order to overcome the fear of writing. This requires language teachers to be good at stimulating students' interest in writing in guiding writing. Encourage them to write what they want to say, write what they imagine, and write their own knowledge and feelings about things around them.
1, combined with the actual students, set inspiring questions to introduce the work.
The teaching process is bound to use "questioning", to "questioning", it is necessary to "ask" first. Good classroom questioning, can make the students intellectual development, ability to be cultivated, active classroom atmosphere, teacher-student relations, received twice the effect of half the effort questioning to seize the key to the text
2, create the context of the exercise, write the students themselves want to say.
The new teaching method follows the law of children's psychological thinking, in stages and steps to improve the level of students' work. In the form of children's thinking, concrete image thinking is dominant, children mainly through intuitive image observation and imagination to perceive the world and understand the world. Elementary school contextual composition teaching should pay attention to bring students into the rich and colorful, vivid image, real and palpable objective situation, to develop their concrete image thinking ability and creative imagination ability, and the development of language function is closely linked to this. In children's minds, everything has life and can communicate with each other. Small animals can talk with people, the clouds in the sky can turn into the form of various creatures, wind, rain, thunder and lightning, is the expression of various human activities, therefore, we guide students to use words, sentences and language fragments to describe the situation, vividly reproduce the situation, but also to guide the students to enter the realm of creative imagination activities in due course, and to guide the children to use the language fragments and paragraphs to describe the situation, to develop the situation or to create a new situation. The children should be guided to use language fragments and passages to describe situations, develop them or create new ones. For example, ask: "If you had an elephant's trunk, what would you want to do?" Some students say they would roll up the Big Bad Wolf and throw him into the river, some say they would reach the balloons for the children, and some say they would open a bathhouse for the children. Just a few words of description is not a piece of fairy tale. With the increase of age, and from time to time in the context of the development of children's powers of observation, to improve their exchange of information in the objective world and the expression of self-language function, such as the description of their most familiar person (seatmate). For senior students, in the context of improving the quality of thinking, aesthetic quality, cultivate a sound personality and noble moral sentiments, learning to write and learning to be a person, writing and life, language practice and social practice more closely integrated. Such as the "burden" of the view, some students wrote with their mothers on the "burden" dialogue.
3, pay attention to the student work of the review and sharing, in the class of students in the cooperative exchange of students can feel a sense of achievement, can develop students' interest in writing and self-confidence. Sukhomlinsky said that every person, as early as childhood, especially in adolescence, should learn to obtain the happiness of the spiritual life of the completion, enjoy the joy of labor and creation. Composition is the fruit of students' labor, therefore, each text turned in imitation of the exercise, should be allowed to read more students, the formation of exchanges among students, this exercise is well written, where is good? Which exercise is not well written, how to modify. This kind of exchange of cutting, so that students can easily see the inadequacy of writing, accumulated writing experience. Students' topics, students communicate easily, pleasantly and interestingly. In addition, I also pay attention to the correction of students' work, pay attention to motivational evaluation. I often use a red pen to draw out the good words and phrases in the students' essays and mentioned in the class for students to communicate and learn, the students see the teacher full of love comments feel very encouraged, writing interest is more intense, write up will be more serious, more efforts. Not only that, I also pay attention to the speed of essay correction. Elementary school students write essays, there is a mood of anticipation, they want to see the teacher's feedback immediately, want to know how the teacher evaluates their own, which parts of their own good writing by the teacher's affirmation, which parts need to be revised and so on. Therefore, the teacher as soon as possible to correct is also a kind of incentive for students' interest in writing, at the same time, also helps students to modify the composition while the iron is hot.
Second, the accumulation of students' writing materials, so that students have something to write and write vividly and specifically.
1, the composition and the students' life combine to cultivate the students' observation ability, let the students find the material in life, write about the people and things around them, express their true feelings. (1) The life of rural elementary school students is also colorful. Life is the source of composition, the countryside has a unique natural scenery, farm life, customs, which provides a rich material for elementary school students' composition, rural teachers should be good at discovering the material of rural life. (2) Rural elementary school composition teaching should be close to the life of rural students. Guide students to write what they see and hear in their own lives, do not let students think that writing essays to write material of great significance. Actively encourage students to write about rural life. (3) the textbook of the composition content has taken into account the urban and rural areas, from the proposition essay to the topic of the composition, composition teaching to find rich material from rural life to write, focusing on the accumulation of life.
The revised version of the "syllabus" emphasizes the richness of the students' language accumulation, but also emphasizes the students' life accumulation, pointing out that: "the students' work, to broaden the mind, let go of the hand ③". At the same time also stressed that: "Teachers should stimulate students' love of life, mobilize students to observe and think and practice the enthusiasm of the pen ④" observation and thinking is a specific way for students to experience life, the spirit of students is often generated in the rich experience, with real experience, students in the situation will be moved to rhetoric, a strong desire to express. The desire to express. To enrich the accumulation of students' lives, we must encourage students to love life, actively participate in the practice of life, practical experience of all aspects of life, sweet and sour. For writing to open a vivid, never dry source.
(1) Pay attention to life and accumulate materials.
Life is the source of writing, and students' compositions come from life. Students do not have the material in their heads to write, is not a good composition, completed in the classroom composition can only be "closed door car" barely made up, only to the life of diligent observation, good at accumulating, there is content to write in order to write a good composition. Usually, although the students live in a colorful life, have fun in life, but, because they will not observe, capture life materials, little attention to the accumulation of writing materials, therefore, the people around them, things, things, listen to hear, turn a blind eye, do not know how to accumulate, the mind is empty, no material to write, composition content is poor, so we usually have to educate students to do the life of the people, guide them to pay attention to observing the things around them, good at accumulation. They pay attention to observe the things around them, cultivate their good habit of accumulating materials. Experienced writers have said, "Rich composition topics come from observation and thinking." Therefore, teachers must let students pay attention to observation and analysis in daily life, see the external and internal connotations of things through, from perceptual understanding to rational understanding, and develop good observation habits.
Such as writing a familiar person, we must first determine the object of observation, and then try to get close to him, observe the character's portrait, clothing, demeanor, speech, inner activities, in order to prevent "in this mountain", "do not know the true face". You can also guide students to use a variety of sensory organs to observe in detail, improve the quality of observation. Another example, write the article, you can guide students to seize the characteristics of the object, from the shape, size, posture, color, change, environment, etc., focused, purposeful observation, recording. Another example, in the teaching, encountered the requirement for students to write "spring trip", "golden autumn" and other writing articles, before writing, organized to lead the students into nature, to recognize the beautiful scenery of the changing seasons, to understand the sun, flowers, plants, trees, small insects and a variety of nature's ever-changing scenery, and to guide them to carefully observe the beautiful scenery of nature and to record it.
This not only exercises the students' observation ability, but also activates the students' thinking, enriches the students' life, and accumulates materials for writing essays.
(2) Carry out activities to accumulate materials.
2, want students to read more, including classroom materials reading and also extracurricular reading.
(1), pay attention to the usual accumulation, composition is also like the basic knowledge of language, reading needs to be accumulated, such as good words, good sentences, wonderful fragments and so on. First of all, according to the content of the text to accumulate, which is also the requirements of the new standard, and many of the text of the thinking exercises appear in the "recitation of their favorite natural paragraphs, excerpts of good words, good sentences" such exercises, so that the students in the recitation to feel the beauty of the language and text, excerpts in the accumulation of materials. It is a good preparation for writing, so that they have words to use in the composition, have something to say. For example: after teaching the lesson of "red leaves on the incense", it paves the way for students to write about familiar scenery in the future. Then through the diary to accumulate, adhere to the diary is the best way to accumulate materials, but also the most way to practice, because the content of the diary is very wide, you can write what you hear, you can write what you see, you can also write what you think. In short, their own joys and sorrows can be expressed without restriction. This allows students to have a free space for expression, but also able to write real things. For example: every organization students read a book, after a cleaning, you can let the students to the scene and feelings with the form of diary write out. And then the classroom so that students do more speaking exercises.
(2), focus on learning to use, combined with practical and timely guidance. The knowledge of elementary school students has certain limitations, teachers combined with the text and the actual life of timely guidance is very important. We all know that "Ten Mile Street to send the Premier" is an article containing deep feelings, I taught this text, held a "I miss the xxx" as the theme of class activities. The students were asked to describe the loved ones they miss the most (whether they are alive or dead) in a few sentences. (Students spoke enthusiastically, in which a female student said this "every festive season doubly homesick" Yes, in the blink of an eye, a year of the Mid-Autumn Festival is here again, half a year ago with my mother separate scenes again in front of my eyes, I remember that my mother is going to go the night before, I always follow her, she went out I followed, she slept I accompanied, and I also tightly squeezed her hand. I squeezed her hand tightly, fearing that she was about to leave. The next day, I woke up early and found that my mother had run out of the house with her bag. I didn't even comb my hair, but chased after her with my hair loose, shouting as I chased after her, and my mother wiped her tears as she ran away. (At night, I think the house is empty, how can not sleep, had to hold the pillow mom slept smell her body odor left) such a description of the most touching, the students can also say the truth, the truth. Third, pay attention to the evaluation of the composition of the teacher's evaluation of the students is very important. Proper evaluation, can motivate students to dare to essay, happy to essay, and thus the student's article can not be the same, can not be beaten to death. Should be based on different levels of students to give different requirements of the evaluation, the foundation of the students to have a high demand. The poor foundation of even the use of a good word, a good sentence should be praised in time. (I remember once, I found a usually poor composition students in the article accurately used a word to indicate that time passes very quickly "in a flash", so I wrote in the comments: the future can read more books, seriously make a good record, teachers believe that your composition will be a higher level! Doing so, can let some poor students get encouragement, see hope. In short, teaching composition is not an easy task, teachers must continue to explore the theory of teaching, teaching practice to get inspired, and constantly summarize the experience, in order to benefit from the students.
. We can let students feel the beauty of language and text when reciting, and accumulate materials in appreciation and excerpts. For example, after teaching the lesson "Summer Palace", we can let the students write familiar scenery, through imitation of the language of writing to improve the students' writing ability, so that they can master the writing method.
3, through the diary accumulation.
Writing diary is the best way to accumulate materials, but also the best way to practice writing. Students in their ordinary life in time to put pen to paper to record their own life content, feelings, and over time will no longer take writing as a chore. Let the students in their own diary unrestrained expression of joy and sorrow, they will be able to write the real thing.
Three, the guidance of the students' writing method, so that students can write and write in an organized and original ideas.
1, reading and writing. Drawing on Ding Youkuan's idea of combining reading and writing, we guide students to "learn to write from reading, to write to promote reading, and to combine reading and writing". When studying the text, guide students to read good words and beautiful passages, accumulate vocabulary, taste the art of writing, guide students to understand the writing method, and appropriate reading and writing small practice. When instructing students to write essays, students are guided to draw on the writing methods of the text, and can also review the text to create writing scenarios and stimulate interest in writing. For example, the study of the scene, evoking the children's memories of the past life, because rural children are familiar with the beehive, they will naturally produce **** Ming, of course, the more important thing is that there are newer and more strange and more interesting stories. Teachers and lead: this text must have evoked fond memories of your past life. At that time, you have been like "I" as naughty and capricious, but also because of curiosity and playfulness, childishness and recklessness and did some "silly things" it. Let's write these "silly things", pay attention to the things to write clearly, write specific. Let the students in this teaching situation constantly stimulate new learning impulses, so as to warm and high emotions into the work, maximize the interest in stimulating children's work.
2, practice imitation writing. Imitation is modeled after the example of the intention, ideas, layout, presentation methods, such as composition training methods, in general, the composition from not writing to write, from writing to be able to write a good, have to go through the process of imitation writing to create. Imitation writing is a key part of the initial training of elementary school students' composition. First of all, we should let students analyze the imitation text, learn the methods of expression, and sort out the author's writing ideas. Secondly, the teacher guides the students to sort out the ideas of imitation writing and gives the requirements. Students are asked to observe life and nature; they are asked to take the unit topic as the topic and accumulate good words and sentences.
3, in-class sketching. By carrying out in-class sketching writing exercises, let students learn to observe and practice the basic skills of fragmentary composition. Let the students observe the appearance of classmates, write classmates appearance, read appearance description fragment guess who is written; let the students observe the teacher or students to perform a series of action, language, etc., guide the students to say, write see the performance scene; let the students perform the textbook play, and then guide the students to say, write see the play.
4, first "play" and then write. Organize students to carry out interesting extracurricular activities, activities to guide the order of observation, method, focus, activities to guide students to say, write activities. Practice has shown that students first "play" after writing, students are interested in, can effectively improve the level of writing.
5, from imitation to creation. According to the law of student cognition, guiding students to imitate the text, model writing method of writing practice writing, each imitation highlights a training focus (such as character appearance, language action, heart activities, such as description, scene description, detail description, beginning and end of the layout of the training), as long as the students basically reach the full affirmation of the higher grade rating. On the basis of the guidance of imitation writing, encourage students to innovate writing topics, writing content, writing methods, write a unique feeling, unique personality, unique style, unique literary style.1, first person narrative method 2, third person narrative method 3, along the narrative method 4, flashback method 5, insertion of the method 6, fill in the narrative method 7, sub-narrative method 8, detailed narrative method 9, slightly narrated method 10, the direct method of lyricism.
I. Remember the characters.
The main features of the characters are appearance, language, action, but in describing these features, not all, but also to seize the main features.
1: describe the appearance of the characters, usually the main description of the human eyes and body features, because "the eyes are the windows of the soul", the body can be judged A and B. The main features are: the eyes are the windows of the soul, the body can be judged. Requirements for everyone, usually good at observation. Because there are no two people in the world have exactly the same eyes, the same person, at different ages, times, moods ...... their eyes are not the same, write this difference, you can uncover the deep things.
2: Describe the language and actions of the characters. The most wonderful language is first of all the dialog, the dialog is best to write who says, how to say (the character's expression and action), what to say.
Describing the language into the character traits, it will be more lifelike, such as to see their people. It can be seen that the character's language and action is very difficult to separate the description, it plays a great role in the performance of the character qualities
For example: Xiaogang rubbed the hazel eyes of sleep dragged steps into the classroom, the class representative is collecting homework, called: "Xiaogang, your homework!" Xiaogang immediately straightened his back when he heard it, and stood dumbfounded. Suddenly, he slapped his own head, bowed down and rummaged through his book bag, and the class representative knocked on the table, "Haven't you found it yet? Just missing yours." Xiao Gang yelled as he searched, "I've done it, don't worry." After a long time, Xiaogang pulled the workbook out of his bag and handed it to the class rep. The representative took a look at the "fluffy" book and left the classroom, shaking his head.
In fact, if the dialogues are well written, even the thoughts and feelings of the characters will permeate between the lines.
Two, remember things.
Every day, we experience many things, which are big or small, at home or at school. Among these things, there are good things and bad things, funny things and silly things, bitter things and joyful things ...... If you write these things down, it is a memory essay.
Memoir is to tell people stories, students mostly rely on memory, how to think of how to say, writing essays require first to tell the time, place, characters, and then the reason for the occurrence of things, after the results of writing, so that not only a clear brow, but also compact and complete. What happened is the most important thing, it should be taken as the focus of the narrative. In terms of skills, the selection of key points, detailed, detailed and appropriate, rather than trivial and trivial, the old sesame rotten grain things are all written.
The end of a good article should be the finishing touch, prompting the center. Because remembering is not purely to write about a thing, but to have feelings. Therefore, at the end of the essay to give a little thought and teach.
According to the cause, after, result, generally can be divided into three paragraphs to write, of course, after the part can also be divided into several paragraphs.
For example:
In the first part, please introduce the event you are going to write about clearly in relatively concise language, generally introducing the time, place, people and events. But in this part, do not word count not too much.
The second part, the more critical part. Please describe in detail how things develop, what the result is, and sometimes the development of things involved in the process of many people and things, in the process of these people and things involved, please write the important people and things in more detail. Therefore, this part can be written in several paragraphs.
In the third part, write the end of the thing and your feelings. You must write about the thing clearly, and in addition don't forget what kind of inspiration this thing has given you, and what feelings you have, all of them should be written.
Write these three parts, a more vivid and specific essay is completed.
Three, writing scenery.
1:Writing scenery.
Writing a scene is usually in order to observe and seize the characteristics of the scene to describe.
Students can focus on their own familiar living environment, home in the neighborhood garden, square, often play place; or nearby parks, lakes, hillsides, woods, farmland, orchards; or school campus, flower beds, as long as they have seen somewhere with the characteristics of the scene are the scope of writing.
Writing about scenery is usually done in the order of observation.
First, observation should be in order. Students should be taught the common order of observation. Otherwise, the writing will be disorganized. Sequential observation can be divided into four kinds:
(1) chronological order. Such as the seasons of things, morning and evening changes. (2) In the order of spatial transition. From far and near, from top to bottom, take an observation point to observe, and sometimes can change the foothold. (3) According to the order of content. Such as from the whole to the local, scenery to the characters, the main to the secondary. (4) In the order of things.
Secondly, observation should seize the characteristics. There are no two identical leaves in the world, and any one person or scene is unique.
Third, observation should be meticulous. We must guide students to learn to observe things in detail, and actively mobilize all the senses, with eyes to see, hands to touch, mouth to taste, ears to listen to, to fully feel the shape of things and taste, sound and color, movement and static and other aspects of the beauty.
Fourth, the observation to develop association, imagination. Einstein said: "Imagination is more important than knowledge". This is also a guarantee that the writing of an essay is vividly visualized.
Vivid description: writing the scene of the article focuses on the image of the scene. This requires us not only to seize the shape of the scenery, color characteristics of their static beauty, and pay attention to the use of changing perspectives, time, the environment of the method of writing the dynamic beauty of the scenery. At the same time, the scenery of static, dynamic beauty with the method of comparison to show, the description of the scenery will be vivid, image.
2: shape.
Writing about objects focuses on introducing the many characteristics of objects in a certain order.
The material for writing an object article we usually choose something we are familiar with, or it has a close connection with our own life, or it has a touching story behind it, or it can express a philosophy of life that we want to illustrate.
Describing favorite things, first of all, we need to make a careful observation of the "things", depicting the characteristics of the "things", so as to achieve the words have something. How can each type of thing be depicted?
(1) Everyday objects. To understand the whole and part of the object size, shape, color, texture, use and so on, seize the characteristics of the description.
(2) Plants. Write about the shape, color and smell of the plant. First describe the overall appearance of the plant, posture, then write the plant in several parts of the appearance, color, and finally write it (leaves, flowers, fruits) unique smell. You can also write about the changes in the growth of the plant. For example, we guide the students to observe the moonflower, and the teacher asks, "What characteristics do you find in the moonflower in front of you?" Student: "It is tall and has thorns on its body." Teacher: "Its flowers also have characteristics ah!" Sheng: "The petals are many, and there is fluff on the petals." Teacher: "Smell it again." Sheng: "It has a fragrance." Teacher: "Pick a piece and taste it." Student: "It's a bit bitter." .......
(3) Animals. First there will be an overall evaluation of its appearance. After that, it is necessary to describe the animal described in detail according to the head, body, limbs (wings), tail and other parts. Capture the animal's habits (eating, hunting, living, sleeping, moving, temperament, etc.) The characteristics of the animal are introduced.
(4) Buildings. Introduce the building in terms of its location, appearance (style, color, building material, structure), and interior structure or decoration.
(5) Natural landscape. The wind, rain, snow, summer, mountains, rivers and other natural landscape to capture its light, sound, color features, combined with the time, the different seasons to write about its characteristics.
To make the article vivid and readable, we need to learn to use some rhetorical devices, appropriate words and phrases, which also requires students to be more experienced and more imaginative.
Four, rich and interesting activities to stimulate students' writing motivation.
Primary school students are young, shallow experience, lack of life and language accumulation, which brings certain difficulties to the composition. The first time I saw this, I was able to get my hands on some interesting activities to stimulate their writing motivation. For example, when I set up the composition of "remember an interesting activity", I first told students the importance of "observation" for writing, gave students how to observe, how to record after observation, accumulation and so on. After that, I didn't let the students write immediately, but used one class period to lead the students to do two interesting activities, one is "tug of war" and the other is "sticking noses" game. Tug of war, the students are excited, the group excited, their enthusiasm north fully mobilized, they not only have fun, but also very focused on observing the details of the game, for the preparation of writing. In the activity of "sticking noses", the students laughed and laughed when they saw the funny look of a student who is usually called a naughty person groping his way forward blindfolded. In this unusually cheerful atmosphere I inspired the students: you do not want to use their own pen in hand to record this interesting activity? Students in my encouragement, seriously completed the "remember a fun activity" writing, most of the essay writing is very real, vivid, full of interest.
Fifth, the imitation writing training, experience the interest of writing.
Gorky said, for beginning writers, not in the reading and imitation of what to write, it is very difficult to have any creation. Mr. Mao Dun said more clearly, "The first step, imitation is again the initial form of learning." It can be seen that imitation is important for improving writing. In each unit of the text teaching work is completed, I usually ask students to imitate the unit of a text or a paragraph of the writing techniques and writing style, to complete an imitation of writing, as to imitate which article, it is up to the students to decide. Some students wrote about their parents after learning the lesson of "Backstory"; some students handed over an article expressing aspirations, ambitions and patriotism after learning "Talking about Bone"; some students learned "Hometown" after recalling the scene of reunion with an old friend for a long time with warm strokes. ...... This kind of training, mobilized the students' thinking, stimulated their interest in learning, not only reflects the organic combination of reading teaching and composition teaching, but also uses the organic combination of the two to improve the students' writing ability. At the same time, students through imitation writing training, further review and master the students' writing ability. At the same time, students with the imitation writing training, further review and master the knowledge learned, and the initial application of the learned writing method to practice, which is an important part of the transformation of knowledge into skills, laying a foundation for future writing. Whenever they see their imitation writing being read aloud as a model, students will gain confidence and experience success. Practice shows that in building students' self-confidence, imitation writing has other forms of irreplaceable role. Teachers in the imitation writing should encourage students not to be too much by the original limitations, but should be inspired by the original text and strive to break through and innovation, and with their own life experience, express their true feelings, broaden the thinking of the realm, which will bring students into a broader writing space.
Students' lives are colorful, and the content of the essay needs to be written is also very different. The first thing that you need to do is to write a story, write a scene, different content requires a different approach. The syllabus proposes that "the teaching of composition should be closely coordinated with the teaching of reading, in which students are guided to learn the author's method of analyzing things, making up words and phrases, and linking sentences into paragraphs and paragraphs into essays. ⑤ "Therefore, the instruction of writing method should be focused on the reading class, in which students should consciously and purposefully grasp the key sentences, paragraphs or characteristic sentences and paragraphs, and guide students to understand how the author writes. Also guide the students to accumulate the method of writing according to different genres, so that students are constantly inspired by the author's "prototype" of thought, so as to accumulate the use of language, text, expression, layout and planning methods.
To make writing teaching close to students' lives, teachers should do four things: first, respect and try to understand and experience the rich and unique children's lives; second, guide students to pay attention to and learn to observe the seemingly ordinary life around them; third, lead students to learn to experience and think about the life around them; and fourth, guide students to reflect the life around them from multiple perspectives and with creativity.
It should be the eternal pursuit of every language teacher to improve the level of students' compositions. In the process of teaching composition, we should inherit and carry forward the essence of traditional teaching, at the same time should be guided by the advanced concepts of the new standards, and actively explore new methods and ways of composition training, to overcome all the shortcomings in the current teaching of composition, and strive to create a new situation in the teaching of composition.
Practice has proved that interest and accumulation is the key to success in writing, using appropriate methods and means to stimulate students' enthusiasm for writing, cultivate students' confidence in writing, and fully mobilize students' writing potential, students' writing ability will be improved
.