We are also talking about poetry. I found this on the Internet and took a look. It’s pretty good. The summary and examples of the answer pattern can be used for reference! Hope it helps~
Steps in poetry appreciation
1. Language analysis
Language analysis is the first step in literary appreciation. Only by accurately understanding the language of the work can it be possible to further judge, evaluate and appreciate it. Linguistic analysis generally focuses on aspects such as word choice, sentence making, and understanding of sentence meaning.
The choice of words and sentences generally involves the meaning of the word, allusions, as well as the subtlety of the words and sentences. The examination focuses on those words and sentences that play a key role in expressing the theme, deepening the artistic conception, and highlighting the image. For example, the appreciation and analysis of the word "green" in "The spring breeze turns green on the south bank of the river"; the taste of the words "break" and "nong" in "The clouds break and the moon comes, and the flowers make shadows", etc.
Understanding the meaning of a sentence generally examines the illocutionary meaning or sentiment contained in a certain sentence, and the selected sentences are often those key sentences that are concise and meaningful. For example, the understanding of the meaning of the sentence "I once visited Liu Lang and now he comes again", the understanding of the meaning of the sentence "I meet you again when the flowers fall", etc. For another example, "The flowers in the forest faded in spring, too hastily, and the cold rain came in the morning and the wind came in the evening." In addition to describing the withering of nature, it also contains the grief and indignation of country and family hatred and the sigh of the impermanence of life. "Last year "Swallows are at the end of the world, who is the swallow this year?" In addition to writing about swallows, the melancholy mentality and feelings of traveling in the world are often the focus of the examination.
2． Image analysis
Grasping the image of poetry is the basic way to feel poetry and understand poetic meaning.
The image can be a character image.
Including objective images (the characters described by the author, such as Zhou Yu in "Red Cliff Nostalgia")
Subjective images (the lyrical protagonists created by the work, such as "Yulin Ling") "I")
Things (action images, such as "knocking the chess pieces and falling lanterns" in "The Guest") extracted by the poet from social life)
Object images (images of things, such as Cicada in "Cicada")
Scenery (scenery image, such as "the solitary smoke in the desert" and "thousands of pear trees blooming")
Grasp the implication behind the image, This is the key to successful appreciation. For example, from the image of the "lone sail" and "distant shadow" depicted in "The distant shadow of the solitary sail disappears in the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River skyline can be seen", we can understand that the author sent us off from the ferry until the "distant shadow" disappeared, And I still feel reluctant to let go of the deep and rich friendship. Another example is the sad farewell feelings conveyed through images such as "willow", "morning wind" and "waning moon" in "Where will I wake up tonight, the willow bank, the dawn wind and the waning moon", etc.
3． Evaluate writing skills and style.
Analysis of the writing skills of classical poetry generally focuses on the following aspects:
Understanding the role of various rhetorical methods;
Analysis of the expression methods used in poetry;
Analyze the structural techniques of poetry;
Analyze other writing techniques.
1) Rhetorical methods: metaphor, metonymy, personification, parallelism, exaggeration, elaboration, repetition, thimble, foil, rhetorical question
(Fu Bixing, symbol)
2) Expression method: narration, description, discussion, lyricism
Description method: combination of movement and stillness, combination of virtual and real | combination of dots and surfaces, combination of light and dark, combination of front and side, thick brush outline, line drawing and fine brushwork, music scene Write about sadness, sad scenes and music
Lyric methods: express one's feelings directly, borrow scenes to express emotions, embody emotions in scenes, and blend scenes
3) Structural techniques: echo from beginning to end, go deep into layers, start with The final points are divided into scenes, scenes first, emotions later, transition, foreshadowing, and foreshadowing
4) Expression techniques: endowment, comparison, and excitement; inflection and change, elaboration and description, symbolic association, foil, contrast, exaggeration, final chapter showing ambition, Imagination, association, anaphora, expressing one's ambitions, inversion of word order, etc.
5) Chapter structure: get straight to the point, introduce the title in a concise way, show the ambition at the end of the chapter, use scenes to express feelings, have an appropriate overall score, use small things to see the big things, go deep into layers, transitional references, foreshadowing, etc.
6) Thoughts and emotions: obsession, sorrow, melancholy, loneliness, sadness, isolation, boredom, tranquility, leisure, joy, admiration, anger, adhering to moral integrity, worrying about the country and the people, etc.
7) Function: deepening the artistic conception, deepening the main idea, far-reaching artistic conception, beautiful artistic conception, profound meaning, thought-provoking, saying something close and far-reaching, etc.
Usage: usually to express one's feelings through the past, to satirize the present through the past, to regret the present by remembering the past, etc.
Imagination: to be more open and original
To set off or set off: again Divided into positive and negative contrast, borrow. . . protrude. . .
Rendering: highlight the image and enhance the artistic effect.
The style of the poem should be analyzed based on the characteristics of the times and the author's life, especially the background in which the poem was written. For example, the changes in Li Qingzhao's poetry style before and after his journey to the south are a good example of this.
4. Evaluate the ideological content of the work
Poems use specific language descriptions to express the poet's feelings and convey the poet's thoughts. These feelings and thoughts are what we call "ideological content." Whether it is the concern for the country and the people, the pain of the destruction of the country and the death of the family, the sorrow of the wanderer chasing away the guests, the resentment of the husband and longing for his wife, all of them are deeply touching. If we classify the thoughts and feelings expressed in classical poetry in a little more detail, it is not difficult to find that they include sadness, loneliness, sadness, solitude, tranquility, leisure, love, praise, admiration, anger, adhering to moral integrity, concern for the country and the people etc. various types.
5. Strengthen written expression
The training requirements for written expression are clear writing, strict expression, clear regulations, and reasonable logic.
There is no need to elaborate on the requirements for fresh rolled noodles. Although the text of appreciation is much less than that of composition, we must still follow the principle of "concept comes first", conceive first and then write, to avoid smearing and smearing. The test paper is refreshing, the marking teacher is naturally in a happy mood, and the candidates get a better impression score invisibly.
Rightness of expression refers to paying attention to the rigor of expression in the writing. Pay attention to both the before and after, as well as the beginning, succession, transition, and combination. You cannot focus on one and lose the other, let alone the previous and the next. Contradiction.
Clarity is a structural requirement. Generally speaking, using a style with obvious signs such as one, two, three, four, or first, second, etc., will often get a clear and coherent evaluation.
Logical and reasonable means that even if your opinion is a high-level theory that "has never been seen in the past and will never be seen in the future", it should be able to justify itself.
Content of poems
1. Poems about chanting objects
The characteristic of poems about chanting objects is to express one's ambitions by supporting objects. When appreciating poems about objects, one must pay attention to grasp the author's feelings in describing things. The emotional expression of some poems about things is more subtle, and we need to understand it more carefully when reading and interpreting.
For example, Yu Qian's "Ode of Lime": "Thousands of hammers have carved out the deep mountains, and the fire is burning as if it were nothing. Don't be afraid of your bones being broken into pieces, you must leave your innocence in the world." The value of this poem lies in everything. Using lime to describe himself expresses his loyalty to the country, his willingness to not be afraid of sacrifice, and his determination to uphold his noble sentiments. Chanting lime is to sing about his upright mind and noble and innocent personality.
2. Frontier poems
Frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty were bold and unrestrained, with representative figures such as Gao Shi and Cen Can; while the frontier poems in the Song Dynasty showed more of the unbridled spirit of serving the country. Representative figures such as Fan Zhongyan represent the suppressed resentment at home and the sadness of hopelessness in returning home. The characteristic of frontier fortress poetry is that it shows the style of the times from different angles. When appreciating, one should first grasp the characteristics of the times, and then examine the different thoughts and feelings contained in the works.
3. Poems about landscapes
If landscape poems use scenery to express emotions, the characteristic of poetry about landscapes is to express emotions immediately.
4. Epic poems
Epic poems mostly use concise words and selected images to integrate feelings about nature, society, and history, or lament the rise and fall of dynasties, or lament the passage of time. It changes in an instant, or satirizes the shameless debauchery of those in power, thereby expressing the author's meditation after reading all the vicissitudes of life, and contains a deep sense of nostalgia for the past and the present.
Language characteristics
Language is the carrier of poetry, and analyzing language is an important part of literary appreciation. Only by accurately understanding the language of the work can it be possible to further evaluate and appreciate it.
(1) Fresh. Its characteristic is that the language is novel and unconventional.
For example, Du Fu's "Quatrains": "Two orioles sing in the green willows, and a row of egrets ascend to the blue sky. The window contains the snow of Qianqiu in the West Ridge, and the door is docked with a ship thousands of miles away from the East Wu." Four sentences describe four kinds of scenery, There are moving scenes and still scenes, the colors are gorgeous, and the language is fresh and vivid. Another example is Xin Qiji's "Moon on the West River? Night Walk on the Yellow Sand Road" and "Poverty and Joy? Village Dwelling", the language used is fresh and bright.
(2) Plain, also called plain. Its characteristic is that it uses precise words to state directly, or uses white line drawings without modification, making it appear true, profound and approachable.
For example, Tao Yuanming's poem "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields" uses plain language, as if talking about everyday things, and writes about family matters without any elaboration. Li Yu's later poem "Yu Meiren" has plain language but is deeply touching.
(3) Gorgeous. It is characterized by rich vocabulary, brilliant literary talent and fantastic emotions.
For example, Li Shangyin's poem "Untitled", Li He's poem "Li Ping Konghou Yin", Bai Juyi's "Pipa Xing" describes music, etc.
(4) Bright. Its characteristic is that it is decisive and clear in one sentence.
For example, Li Qingzhao's early poem "Dial the lips? Play on the swing", Bai Juyi's poem "Grass", etc.
(5) Implicit. Its characteristic is that the meaning lies beyond the words. It is often not stated directly, but told in twists and turns. It may be said to mean something else, or it may lead to but not say anything, or it may stop talking and let the reader experience it.
For example, Du Mu’s epic poems, Li Qingzhao’s later poems, etc.
(6) Simplicity. Just be clean and concise. Such as Jia Dao's poems and Su Shi's lyrics
Six answering paradigms for ancient poetry appreciation questions
1. Analysis of artistic conception
Questioning method: This poem ( What kind of artistic conception does the word) create?
Problem-solving analysis: This is the most common question type. The so-called artistic conception refers to the imaginative state created by the combination of objects (i.e. images) that entrust the poet's emotions. It includes three aspects: scenery, emotion and environment. All three aspects are indispensable when answering questions.
Answer paradigm: describe the scene (describe the scene shown in the poem) point out the atmosphere (summarize the atmosphere characteristics created by the scene) analyze emotions (analyze the author's thoughts and feelings).
Example: Read the following Tang poem and answer the questions. (Question 12 of the 2005 National Volume)
Spring is coming (Li Hua)
The grass is luxuriant under the city of Yiyang, and the stream flows eastward and then westward. The flowers on the fragrant trees have fallen without anyone, and the birds are chirping all the way up the spring mountain.
The ancients once said when talking about poetry creation: "Poetry cannot be composed more than emotion and scenery." Please appreciate this poem from the perspective of "emotion" and "scenery".
Clear: This poem describes what the author saw and heard during his "spring trip": there are grass, water, trees, mountains, flowers and birds. It can be said that one sentence is a scene, and each picture All have their own characteristics (depicting scenes). But it is not a pure description of the scene, but the scene contains emotions and the scenes blend together. In the poem, there are scenes of "flowers falling" and "birds singing in the sky", which all show the tranquility in the mountains. (click on the atmosphere), which reveals a hint of sadness and desolation (analysis of emotions).
2. Analytical skills type
Question: What kind of expression technique is used in this poem (word)? What is the effect?
Problem analysis: Expression techniques are the means used by poets (ci) to express their emotions.
Answer paradigm: Explain the technique (accurately point out what technique was used) Explain the application (explain how the poet used this technique based on the poem) Analyze the effect (what kind of emotion the technique expresses, or What image is portrayed, or what theme is expressed?
Example: Read the following two ancient poems, and then answer the questions (2005 Zhejiang Volume 16)
Qi'an County Zhongqi. Title (Du Mu)
On the two-pole bridge over the sunset stream, there are half a wisp of green smoke in the shadow of willows. For a moment, the green lotus looks back to the west wind.
Wandering on the lotus pond in the evening heat ( Yang Wanli)
The thin grass shakes its head suddenly to report to the farmer, and the west wind is blocked by the draped lapel. The lotus is still sad and hot at dusk, and its face is hidden deep in the green umbrella.
Both poems are the same. What expression techniques are used to portray the image of "Lotus"? Please point out the different emotional characteristics of "Lotus" in the two poems, and make a brief analysis.
Clearly: both poems use it. Personification technique (Ming technique). The "green lotus" in the previous poem has "hate" and "back to the west wind" (explanation and application), which contains the poet's hatred, expresses the sadness and injustice, and has a sad and low tone (analysis of the effect) ). The "Lotus" in the latter poem is blown by the west wind and hides among the lotus. It seems to be "sad and hot", but it also appears shy (explanation), revealing the author's love and joy, and the tone is lively and interesting. (Analysis of effects).
3. Analysis of language type
Questioning method: What are the linguistic characteristics of this poem (word)?
Answer analysis: This type of question is not about trying to figure out the technique of using individual words, but also about the language style expressed in the whole poem (words). The words used to answer the questions are generally: fresh and natural, unpretentious, gorgeous, clear and versatile, and versatile. Colloquial language, euphemistic and implicit, vigorous and bold, graceful writing style, concise and vivid, etc.
Answer pattern: Identify the characteristics (one or two words accurately point out the language characteristics) List examples (use relevant sentences in the poem to analyze this in detail). Features) Analyze emotions (point out what emotions the poet expresses)
Example: Read the following Tang poem and answer the questions (Chongqing Three Inspections in 2003)
Viewing and Praying for Rain ( Li Yue)
The mulberry branches are leafless and the smoke is growing in the soil. In front of the dragon water temple, there are many people watching the singing and dancing, and I am afraid that the spring yin will swallow the orchestra.
This poem is expressing. What are the outstanding features of the technique and language?
Clear: The language is implicit and extremely ironic (Ming characteristics). "Smoke is born from the soil", the scenery is sentimental, implicitly expressing the farmers' anxious feelings in looking forward to the spring rain. The fourth sentence writes that the wealthy family is worried that the spring rain (rain) will cause the orchestra to get damp and affect their enjoyment (examples). The same "worry" ", two emotions, the poet's sympathy and indignation penetrate into it and overflow outside the poem (analysis of emotions).
4. Lianzi type
Questioning method: This couplet is the most vivid Which word is the most expressive?
Answer and analysis: The ancients paid attention to the refinement of characters when writing poems. This type of question requires appreciating the beauty of these refined characters. When answering the question, the word cannot be read in isolation. It should be placed in the sentence and analyzed in conjunction with the artistic conception and emotion of the whole poem.
Answer model: explain the meaning (explain the meaning of the word in the sentence) describe the scene (put the word into the original sentence to describe the scene) point out the situation (point out what kind of artistic conception the word highlights, or What feelings are expressed)
Example: Read the following Tang poem and answer the questions. (Third World Title of the National Volume in 2003)
Passing through Xiangji Temple (Wang Wei)
I don’t know Xiangji Temple, but I have entered Yunfeng for several miles. There are no people walking on the ancient trees, and there is no clock in the deep mountains.
The spring water swallows dangerous rocks, and the sun is cold and green. In the dusk, the music of the empty pool is used to calm the poisonous dragon.
Note: An Zen: a Buddhist term that refers to sitting quietly with eyes closed without distracting thoughts. Poison Dragon: refers to worldly distractions.
The ancients often used the term "poetry eye" when commenting on poetry. The so-called "poetry eye" often refers to the most concise and expressive word in a poem. What do you think of the two sentences in the third couplet of this poem? What is the word for "poetry eye"? Why? Please briefly appreciate the whole poem.
Clearly: "Poetry Eyes" are "pharynx" and "cold" respectively. The flowing spring in the mountain makes a low sound, like a whimper, due to the obstruction of the rocks. The sunlight shining on the green pines seems to be cold and gloomy due to the darkness of the mountains and forests. The two words "throat" and "cold" vividly, concisely and vividly show the quiet and lonely scene (artistic conception) (point situation) in the mountains
5. One word (sentence) governs the entire poem type
Questioning method: A certain word (sentence) is the key to the whole poem. Why?
Answer analysis: Ancient poetry (ci) pays great attention to the conception. Often one word, word or sentence can become the clue of the whole poem, forming the emotional tone of the whole poem. By grasping it, the proposition can often be solved with small insights. It tests the students' grasp of the whole poem.
Answer paradigm: Think about the structure (its role in the structure) Think about the theme (its role in highlighting the theme)
Example: Read the following Song Dynasty poem, Then answer the questions. (Question 16 of the Liaoning Volume in 2006)
Dongpo (Su Shi)
The rain washed the east slope and the moonlight was clear, and all the people in the city were walking in the wild. Don't be too dissatisfied with the road of Naotou Potou, the sound of self-love is loud and clear.
Note: This poem was written when Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou. Dongpo is where Su Shi lived and farmed in Huangzhou. Naotou: The mountains are so rocky.
What role does the first line play in the poem? Please give a brief appreciation.
Clearly: The first sentence is the foreshadowing of the whole poem. It depicts a picture of a moonlit night on the east slope after the rain, creating a clear and quiet atmosphere (thought structure) to reflect the author's clear spirit. Realm (considering the main idea)
6. Different types of opinions
Questioning method: Some people think this way, some people think that way, what do you think?
Answer analysis: When answering based on the original poem (words), you must find the reason and reason from the original poem (words).
Answer model: Find the key points (find the key points in the original poem) and describe it in paragraphs (in the form of translation)
Example: Read the following poem and then answer the questions. (Title of Volume 16 of Zhejiang Volume in 2004)
Bodhisattva Man (Li Bai)
The flat forest is like weaving smoke in the desert, and the cold mountains are sad and green. When I enter a tall building in silence, there are people upstairs who are worried. The jade steps stand in the air, and the birds return home in a hurry. Where is the return journey? The long pavilion is shorter than the pavilion.
As for the content expressed in this poem, some people think it is "a wanderer longing to return home", some think it is "missing a woman looking forward to returning home", and some people think it is a combination of both. What do you think? Please briefly explain your reasons.
Clearly: The wanderer is homesick for his return: the first and second sentences are about the scenery he saw before his eyes; the third to sixth sentences are about the wanderer being emotional about the scene and imagining the scene where his family is looking forward to his return; the last two sentences are about the wanderer lamenting the long journey. There is no timetable to return home, which adds to the sorrow (find the key points and describe them in detail).
The missing woman looks forward to returning home: in the first film, the missing woman feels sad when she sees the evening scene; the five or six sentences describe the missing woman standing on the jade steps, seeing the birds returning and missing the wanderers; the last two sentences describe the missing woman thinking about the return journey of the tourists. Difficult, sighing that we will never meet again (find the key points and describe them in detail).
Both of the two: the whole poem uses the wanderer's longing for home and the missing woman's longing to return to each other, conveying the sentiment of "one kind of lovesickness, two places of leisurely sorrow".
This poem uses (expression, rhetorical techniques, expression techniques) techniques to write out the (such and such) characteristics of (image) and express (highlight) the thoughts and feelings of (such and such). Played the role of (such and such).
Explanation of key concepts
1. Contrast
Contrast is a technique in Chinese painting that uses ink or color to render the outline of an object to make it stand out. Used in artistic creation, it refers to describing things from the side, as a foil, to make the things to be expressed stand out clearly. It can be used to highlight people. For example, in "Qin Luofu", the reactions of "walkers", "young people", etc. are used to highlight Qin Luofu's beauty. It can also be used as a foil, such as "the noisy cicadas in the forest are more quiet, and the birds singing in the mountains are even more secluded", "the monk knocks on the door under the moonlight", "the moonrise scares the mountains with birds", etc. to set off the tranquility. More often, objects are used to highlight people. For example, "Pipa Xing" describes the moon in the river three times, which respectively highlights the beautiful and fascinating sound of the pipa and the desolate, lonely, sad and other moods of the characters.
Another example is "The water in Peach Blossom Pond is a thousand feet deep", which vividly and vividly highlights Wang Lun's deep feelings for the poet.
2． Yongdian
Yongdian means quoting historical facts and using allusions in poetry. Ancient poetry pays great attention to the use of allusions, which can not only refine the language of the poem, but also increase the richness of the content, the vividness and implicitness of the expression, and can achieve the effect of being concise, meaningful and thought-provoking, and enhancing the expressiveness and appeal of the work. For example, Xin Qiji successfully used five allusions in "Yongyu Le? Nostalgia for the Past in Beigu Pavilion, Jingkou": Sun Quan, Liu Yu, Liu Yilong, Fo Li, and Lian Po. These allusions are all historical anecdotes of Jingkou. The poet used these historical facts to implicitly, naturally and fully express his thoughts and feelings.
In addition, using the poems and songs of predecessors is also a kind of allusion. For example, Wang Bo used allusions in almost every sentence in "Preface to Tengwang Pavilion", which enhanced the cultural heritage of the article; Jiang Kui used allusions explicitly, covertly, or adapted Du Mu's poems in "Yangzhou Man", forming a contrast between virtual and actual, expressing Things have changed, people have changed, and the present is not as desolate as it used to be.
3． Virtuality and reality
This is a concept commonly used by the ancients when discussing articles. Virtuality and reality are relative. ; The present is reality, the imagination is virtual... This technique is often used in poetry to expand the artistic conception of poetry. For example, in Liu Yong's "Ring in the Rain", the farewell in front of the eyes is reality, and the imagination after farewell is virtuality. The virtuality and reality are intertwined, creating an endless aftertaste. Another example is Li Yu's "Yu Meiren", the first six sentences are true and false, that is, "When did the spring flowers and autumn moon come (true), how much do we know about the past (false). There was an east wind in the small building last night (true), and the motherland cannot bear to look back in the moonlight. (virtual). The carved railings and jade inlays should still be there (real), but the beauty has changed (virtual)." The virtual and the real combine to express the sorrow of one's homeland. Another example is Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slowness", where the decaying scene in front of you is real, and the hypothetical imagination is imaginary. Using a writing method that combines virtuality and reality can make the work more compact, the image more vivid, and greatly increase the capacity of the work.
Eight ways to break through in the appreciation of high-tech poetry
1. Break through from the title of the poem
Some titles summarize the important content of the work, and some titles reveal The clues of the work, some titles set the emotional tone of the author.
For example: Sikong Shu Li Yi
The breeze frightened me and I sat down at dusk, thinking leisurely by the window. Opening the door and moving the bamboo again, it is suspected that an old friend is coming.
Whenever there is dew on the branches, it is slightly covered with moss on the steps. Why should I enter the guise to brush the green harp?
The word "hearing the wind" in the title is the clue to the whole poem and the key to understanding the connotation of the whole poem. The first and chin couplets write about thinking of friends when facing the wind, and suspecting friends when hearing the wind; the neck couplet writes about the wind blowing the leaves, and the dew drops staining the moss, the intention is still to write about the wind; the last couplet is about the wind, daydream, and expectation. When the wind blows, I miss my friends. It can be seen that the entire article is artistically conceived around "hearing the wind". Through the image of the breeze, it expresses the poet's lonely mood and expresses his feelings of missing his old friend.
2. Breakthrough from the "cold" and "warm" tones used to describe scenery in poems
When ancient people wrote poems and lyrics, they often used scenery to express emotions and embody emotions in the scenery. Therefore, when appreciating, we must first find out the words and sentences that describe the scene, then appreciate the "cold" and "warm" of the scene described, and then grasp the author's thoughts and feelings.
For example: Two poems on the water threshold (Part 1) Du Fu
Going to Guoxuan Yingchang, there is no village overlooking the credit. The Chengjiang River is flat on a few banks, and the secluded trees have many flowers in the evening.
In the drizzle, fish come out, and in the breeze, swallows slant. There are 100,000 households in the city, but there are only two or three here.
The description of the scene in this poem is mainly in the second and third couplets. The poet first writes about the open and beautiful environment around the thatched cottage with "The Chengjiang River is less flat, the trees are more beautiful in the evening", and then he uses "Drizzle Fish" "When the children come out, the breeze blows and the swallows slant" outlines a vibrant spring scene. You see, the fish are swaying in the drizzle, and the swallows are flying lightly in the breeze, how happy and free they are! It is by painting such a "warm" scene that the poet expresses a kind of leisure and joyful mood that he has found a temporary home after the war.
3. Breakthrough from the images chosen in poetry
Many images in ancient poetry have specific meanings, and poets often choose specific images to express their unique inner emotions. When appreciating, we must pay attention to the images appearing in the poems, mobilize our accumulation, and figure out the meaning of the images, so as to understand the content of the works.
For example: Five Autumn Poems of Changxin (Part 1) by Wang Changling
The autumn leaves of Jinjing Wutong are yellow, and the bead curtains are not rolled up by the night frost. The jade pillow in the fumigation cage has no color. I lie down and listen to Nangong Qing's leakage.
The first sentence of the poem uses desolate and sad images such as "Wu Tong" and "Autumn Leaves" to exaggerate the bleak and lonely atmosphere. The "smoke cage" in the third sentence further highlights the coldness of the palace. night environment. Combined with the last sentence, we can see that this is because the poet is in a desolate mood and can't sleep with sorrow, so he feels that the leakage from Nangong (the emperor's residence) is desolate and long.
4. Break through the key words suggested in the poems
Poetry is the product of the poet's "emotion". Sometimes, if you can capture the words in the poem that best express the poet's feelings, The key to appreciating this poem is found in the words.
For example: Feeling old in Jiang Tower by Zhao Gu
Going up to Jiang Tower alone, I feel lost in my thoughts, the moonlight is like water and the sky is like water. Where are the people who came to look at the moon together? The scenery looks vaguely like last year.
The word "thinking" in the first sentence sets the emotional tone of the whole poem and becomes a window for us to peek into the poet's inner world. Why does the poet "think"? What is the object of thought? It will be known from the following that the poet's longing for his friends was triggered by seeing a scene similar to last year.
5. Make breakthroughs from the poetic sentences in the works
When the ancients wrote poems, they paid special attention to the refinement of words and sentences, striving to express the spirit in every word and every sentence. These poetic sentences often best reflect the connotation and expression skills of the work.
For example: Du Erfu and Li Bai were sent off to the east stone gate of Lu County.
After a few days of drunken farewell, they went to the pond. When will there be golden bottles again on Shimen Road?
Autumn waves fall on the Si River, and the sea is bright and clear. The flying ponchos are far away from each other, and the cups in their hands are empty!
The third couplet in the poem is vividly described, and the words "Luo" and "Ming" are concise and expressive, which is the poetic eye of the couplet. "Luo" gives "Sishui" a sense of movement, as if falling from the sky, making the static image dynamic; "Ming" gives the static natural colors a sense of movement, not to mention how green Culai Mountain is, but to say that the green color actively and intentionally Reflecting the Culai Mountain. Combining the whole poem, it is not difficult to find that the poet wrote the landscape so meaningful and beautiful in order to set off the purity and innocence of his friendship with his friends.
6. Breakthrough from the author's life experience
"Poetry expresses ambition". Different author's life experiences will lead to different ideological tendencies expressed through poems. Therefore, when appreciating, you may wish to break through from the author's era environment and life experience.
For example: Qing Ping Le? Stayed alone in Wang's Nunnery in Boshan. The pine trees on the house are blown by the heavy rain, and I am talking to myself between the broken paper windows. He lived in the north and south of the Yangtze River all his life, and returned with a beautiful face. Sleeping in a dream in the autumn night under the quilt, you can see thousands of miles of mountains and rivers before your eyes.
Xin Qiji was a famous patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. He insisted on resisting the Jin Dynasty and restoring the country throughout his life, but he was not reused and died with hatred. Most of his lyrics express his patriotic enthusiasm for trying to restore the country's unity, and express his grief and indignation at the difficulty of realizing his ambitions. This poem expresses his great ambition and concern for the country and the people even though his ambition is difficult to achieve.
7. Break through the meaning of allusions in poetry
When ancient poets created, they sometimes used some allusions to express broad and profound themes. If we pay attention to these allusions and understand these allusions, it will undoubtedly help to grasp the theme of the work.
For example: Du Mu
In a down and out wine shop, his waist is slender and his palms are light. After ten years, I dreamed of Yangzhou and won the reputation of a brothel.
The phrase "Chu's waist is slender" in the poem is derived from "Han Feizi? Erbang": "King Ling of Chu has a slim waist, but there are many hungry people in the country." The "lightness in the palm" is derived from "Feiyan Gaiden" , refers to Zhao Feiyan, the empress of Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty, "who is light in body and can dance on the palm of her hand."
The poet borrowed these two allusions to show that he had indulged in wine and sex and was dissolute. Looking at the third sentence, the words "ten years" and "one sleep" in the poem are opposite, giving people a sharp contrast between "a long time" and "extremely fast", showing the depth of the poet's emotion. Throughout the whole poem, we can find that the poet's feelings include not only a sense of repentance, but also a sense that the future is as vague as a dream and that he cannot look back.
8. Breakthrough from the annotations of poetry
Some poetry appreciation has annotations after the original poems. Reading these annotations can help us understand the author and the work in order to be more accurate. Understand the author's emotions and the content of the work.
For example: Li Bai climbed the Yueyang Tower with Xia Twelve
The tower overlooks the end of Yueyang, and the river opens into the Dongting. The geese lead away the sorrow, and the mountains carry the beautiful moon.
I stay in the clouds and receive my cup in the sky. After getting drunk, the cool breeze blows and people dance on their sleeves.
[Note] This poem was written in the autumn after Li Bai was pardoned during his exile, on the 12th day of the summer, Li Bai's friend, ranked 12th.
The annotation after the poem provides the background for the writing of the poem. From the words "I was pardoned on the way into exile", we can imagine that the poet wrote this poem in a light mood. Therefore, the natural creatures described by the poet seem to be given life: the wild geese fly high, taking away the poet's sorrow and depression; the moon rises from the mountain pass, as if Junshan is carrying the happy moon of reunion. Such a sentimental scene brings out the poet's extremely joyful mood after being pardoned.