2018 Guangxi Guilin City Intermediate Physics Test Paper
Reference Answers and Test Question Analysis
I. Single choice questions (3 points for each sub-question, ***36 points. With a 2B pencil to the answer card on the corresponding topic of the answer mark black, each sub-topic escape on the 3 points, not far, multiple choice or choose the wrong are 0 points) please fill in the answer on the answer card.1. The following energy sources are renewable energy sources ()
A. Wind B. Oil C. Coal D. Natural gas
Answer A
Answer
Answer
Coal, oil and Natural gas is a fossil energy, can not be formed in a short period of time, so it belongs to the non-renewable energy, only wind energy is renewable energy, that is, option A in line with the meaning of the question;
The A.
Commentary on this question is mainly examined on the understanding of the characteristics of renewable and non-renewable sources of energy, belong to the basic knowledge.
2. "Xiao Guan, go to school!" . Xiao Guan is reading a book, Xiao Guan heard the sound to know is a good friend Xiao Chao called him, Xiao Guan judgment is mainly based on the sound of ()
A. pitch B. loudness C. timbre D. frequency
Answer C
Analyze because each person's vocal cords have different structures, so everyone sends out the timbre of the sound will be different, then Xiao Guan judgement is mainly based on the timbre of the sound;
Select: C.
CommentThis question examines the identification of the characteristics of the sound, to be able to use the characteristics of the sound to explain the phenomena of life.
3. The following phenomena, can show that the molecules in the non-stop irregular movement ()
A. winter snow B. osmanthus fragrance full of gardens
C. swarms of butterflies dancing D. beautiful fireworks in the air
Answer B
Analyse A. winter snow is the mechanical movement of the object, not the molecules of the movement.
A. Therefore, A is not consistent with the meaning of the question; B, the fragrance of osmanthus is the fragrance of flowers molecules keep doing irregular movement into the air, people smell the fragrance of osmanthus.
Therefore, B is consistent with the meaning of the question;
C, flocks of butterflies dancing is the mechanical movement of the object, not the movement of molecules, so C is not consistent with the meaning of the question;
D, the beautiful fireworks bloom in the air belongs to the mechanical movement of the object, not the movement of molecules, so D is not consistent with the meaning of the question.
Comment analysis of this question we must distinguish between the movement of molecules and solid mechanical motion.
4. The following behaviors belong to the conservation of electricity ()
A．Leaving the classroom and turning off the lights with your hands
B．Burning water in an electric kettle without a lid
C．Always using lights instead of natural light during the daytime
D．In the summer, the air-conditioner is still turned on in the room when the room is set up for a long time
Answer A
A. In order to save electricity, you should turn off the lights when you leave the classroom; therefore, A belongs to the behavior of saving electricity;
B. When you use an electric kettle to boil water without a lid, it will increase the consumption of electricity because of the heat dissipation; therefore, B does not belong to the behavior of saving electricity;
C. During the daytime when the light is relatively strong, you still use light bulbs to illuminate the room, which is a waste of electricity, so C does not belong to the behavior of saving electricity;
D. In the summer, when there are people in the room for a long time, the air-conditioner is still on;
D.
D, the air conditioner is still on when there are people in the room for a long time, which is a waste of electricity, so D is not a power-saving behavior.
Therefore: A.
Comments through this question so that students know that saving electricity to start from me, from the life of the little things to do, meaningful.
5. The beautiful rainbow often evokes people's desire for a better life. Rainbow "seven colors of light" belongs to ()
A. water waves B. ultrasound C. infrasound was D. electromagnetic waves
Answer D
Analyse rainbow "seven colors of light" shows that the white light is made up of a variety of colors of light; light is An electromagnetic wave, so D is correct.
This question examines the essence of visible light, belonging to the basic knowledge.
6. As shown in the figure off in the extracurricular activities, will be an empty cans of air, cans flattened, flattened cans of force is ()
A。Atmospheric pressure B. cans of gravity
C. cans of pressure on the ground D. the ground on the cans of the support force
Answer A
Analysis of the empty cans of air, cans, cans, cans, cans and cans, cans, cans, cans, cans, cans, cans, cans, cans, cans, cans, cans, cans and cans, cans and cans, cans and cans. When the air is removed from an empty can, the air pressure in the can becomes less and the can is flattened by the outside atmospheric pressure.
The choice: A.
CommentsStudents use the equipment around them to verify the existence of atmospheric pressure, analyze and judge with the knowledge they have learned, is a basic question.
7. A variety of new materials are improving the quality of our lives, hard nanomaterials a graphene, is one of them, it is almost completely transparent, and has excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. The following objects are not suitable for the use of graphene field production is ()
A. bulletproof vest B. insulated gloves C. computer components D. solar cells
Answer B
Analyze by the material know graphene has a hard, transparent, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and other physical properties;
A, the bulletproof vest requires elasticity, the elasticity of graphene is larger, so A does not meet the
B, heat-insulating gloves require poor thermal conductivity, and graphene has excellent electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, is not suitable for thermal insulation materials, so B meets the meaning of the question;
C, graphene transistors have fast transmission speeds and are used in computer components, so C does not meet the meaning of the question;
D, graphene can be used to make more heat-resistant solar cells, so D does not meet the the question.
The choice: B.
Review of this question is an information-giving questions, given the material of extracurricular knowledge of physics, to read the material carefully, combined with the physical knowledge of the material content to answer the question, in the examination appeared in the higher frequency.
8. Xiao Guan and his classmates went to swim Jue Guilin two rivers and four lakes, boarded the cruise ship, the boat will sink some, then () A. the boat's gravity will decrease B. the buoyancy of the water on the boat will decrease
C. the buoyancy of the water on the boat will increase D. the buoyancy of the water on the boat will remain unchanged
Answer C
Analyze (1) the classmates boarded the cruise ship during the process of the boat, so the boat's The gravity of the boat becomes bigger, so A is wrong;
=G,
(2) During the boarding of the boat, the boat has been floating, then F
float
So, the buoyancy of the boat becomes bigger, so BD is wrong and C is correct.
The choice: C.
Comments in both cases, the boat is floating, understand and use the floating condition is the key to this question.
9. As shown in the figure, cycling is a fashionable and environmentally friendly way of life. When we ride forward at a constant speed on a straight road, the following statements are correct ()
A. If the bike stops, the inertia disappears
B. The power of the bike is greater than the resistance of the bike
C. The pressure on the road and the support force on the person is a pair of balanced forces
D. The gravity and the ground support force on the person and the bike is a pair of balanced forces
D. The gravity and the ground support force on the person and the car is a pair of balanced forces
D.
Answer D
Analysis A, all objects have inertia, when the bicycle is at rest, the same inertia, so A error;
B, in the flat road at a uniform speed forward riding, the bicycle by the power and the resistance of the bicycle is a pair of balanced forces, the size of the same, so B error;
C, the road surface by the
C, the pressure on the road surface and the support force on the person did not act on the same object, is not a pair of balanced forces, so C is wrong;
D, the person and the car as a whole, the person and the car by the gravitational force and the ground on the person and the car's support meets the four conditions of the balance of two forces, is a pair of balanced forces, so D is correct.
The choice: D.
Comment This question examines the application of the conditions of balance of two forces, inertia and other knowledge, belong to the basic questions.
10. Xiao Guan in the investigation of magnetic phenomena in the activity can be achieved ()
A.. with a small magnetic needle to pick up a piece of copper or aluminum block
B. with a magnifying glass can be seen around the magnet of magnetic inductance
C. with the magnet to pick up the copper wire made of lightweight solenoids with an electric current
D. to put a small magnetic needle in any position around the magnet. The north pole of the small magnetic needle points to the geographic north pole after coming to rest
Answer C
Analyse A. The small magnetic needle is magnetic and can only attract metals such as iron, cobalt and nickel, but not copper or aluminum. Therefore, A is not possible;
B. Magnetic lines of induction do not actually exist, so you can't see them around the magnet with a magnifying glass. Therefore, B is not possible;
C, when a lightweight solenoid made of copper wire passes an electric current, a magnetic field is generated around it. Therefore, a magnet is able to pick up a lightweight solenoid made of a copper wire passed through an electric current. Therefore, C may be realized;
D, there is a magnetic field around the magnet, put a small magnetic needle in any position around the magnet, the small magnetic needle after the rest of the north pole are pointing to the S pole of this magnet. Therefore, D is not possible.
The choice: C.
Review of such problems need to pay attention to the magnetic field is objective, the magnetic lines of inductance is added, the magnetic lines of inductance around the magnet are from the N pole, back to the S pole, the magnetic field is put into the magnetic field of the magnet has a strong effect.
11. Frequent cooks Xiaoguan found that, at the same time with the same gas stove heating equal mass, the same initial temperature of water and cooking oil, the temperature of the oil always rises faster. This is because ()
A．Water's specific heat capacity is small, and the temperature rises faster after absorbing heat
B．Oil's specific heat capacity is small, and the temperature rises faster after absorbing heat
C．Water absorbs more heat in the same time
D．Oil absorbs more heat in the same time
Answer B
Answer
Answer
Answer
(1) heated with the same gas stove, water and cooking oil absorbed the same amount of heat in the same time, so CD is wrong; (2) equal mass, the same initial temperature of the water and cooking oil, the same amount of heat absorbed in the same time, because the specific heat capacity of water is greater than that of cooking oil, according to the Q = cm △ t, know that the oil's temperature rises faster, so A is wrong, B is correct.
This question is mainly to test the students to explain the phenomenon using the specific heat capacity of water, is a basic question.
12. As shown in the circuit, the supply voltage remains constant, close the switch S, when the slider P sliding varistor to the right, the circuit remains unchanged is ()
A.. The total power consumed by the appliance
B. Voltmeter V's number of signals and ammeter A's signals of the ratio of the value of the
C. ammeter A's number of signals and the difference between the number of signals of the ammeter A1
C. D. The product of voltmeter V and ammeter A1
Answer D
Analyse
AB, from the figure, R1 and R2 are connected in parallel, ammeter A1 measures the current of R1, ammeter A measures the total current in parallel, and the voltmeter measures the voltage of the power supply, the voltmeter is unchanged when the slider is moved.
When the slider of the sliding varistor is moved, it will be changed to a constant voltage. sliding varistor slide P to the right, the varistor connected to the circuit resistance, according to the rules of parallel resistance
Law, the total resistance becomes larger, by P = can be known, the total power consumed by the appliance becomes smaller, so A does not meet the question;
Ohm's law can be known, the ratio of the voltmeter V and the ammeter A is equal to the total resistance of the circuit, the total resistance, the ratio of the total resistance, then the ratio The total resistance becomes larger, so B does not meet the question;
CD, because the parallel circuit of the branches do not affect each other, so the current through R1 is unchanged, that is, the ammeter A1 number is unchanged, the slide P to the right, the resistance of the varistor into the circuit becomes larger, by Ohm's law can be seen, the current through the varistor becomes smaller; according to the law of parallel circuit current, the ammeter A and the ammeter A1 display the difference is equal to the current through the varistor, the current through the varistor is smaller. The difference is equal to the current through the varistor, so the difference becomes smaller, so C does not meet the meaning of the question;
Because the voltage remains unchanged, the number of ammeter A1 remains unchanged, so the product of voltmeter V and ammeter A1 remains unchanged, so D is consistent with the meaning of the question;
These: D.
Commentary on this question, the examination of ohm's law, the law of parallel circuits, the formula for the power of electricity Use, the key is the identification of the circuit.
Two, fill in the blanks (1 point per blank, with 16 points. (Not required to write the calculation process) please fill in the answer on the answer card 13. motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Analysis
The so-called motor, that is, the energized energy, so it is the consumption of electrical energy to produce mechanical energy, that is, it is the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy devices, electric motors are the use of energized wires in the magnetic field of the role of the principle of force made.
So the answer is: electricity; mechanical.
CommentsThis question examines the conversion of energy in the operation of an electric motor and is a basic question.
14. Fill in the appropriate units after the following numbers: (choose "g", "kg" into "t")
(1) The mass of an egg is about 50g;
(2) The mass of a chicken egg is about 50g;
(3) The mass of an egg is about 50g;
The answer is: electricity; machinery. mass is about 50g;
(2) The mass of Xiaochao, a secondary school student, is about 50kg.
Analysis (1) The mass of 10 eggs is about 1kg, and 1kg = 500g, so the mass of an egg is around 50g;
(2) The mass of an adult is around 65kg, and a secondary school student's mass is somewhat smaller than an adult's, at around 50kg (2) The mass of an adult is around 65kg, and the mass of a secondary school student is a bit smaller than an adult, at around 50kg.
So the answer is: (1) g; (2) kg.
Reviewing the estimation of mass requires us to familiarize ourselves with the mass sizes of common objects, and use them as a criterion to make judgments about the mass of the object under study. For example, the mass of an egg is about 60g, the mass of an apple is about 200g, the mass of a glass of water is about 0.5kg, the mass of a high school student is about 50kg, the mass of an elephant is about 5t, and so on.
15. The scale shown in the figure, its measurement range of 0 ~ 10cm; if the small super with this scale to measure the length of an object, the recorded results of 5.170cm, the recorded results are incorrect (fill in "correct" or "incorrect"). correct" or "incorrect").
Analysis
(1) Before using the scale, we should pay attention to observe its zero mark, range and index value, from the figure, we know that the range of this scale is 0 to 10cm;
(2) from the figure, there are 10 cells between 1cm, so a cell represents 1mm, that is, the scale's index value is 1mm;
Measurements should be estimated and read to the The next digit of the division value, the length of an object measured with this scale should be read to 0.01cm, so
The recorded result of 5.170cm is wrong, it should be read as 5.17cm.
So the answer is: 0 to 10; Incorrect.
Commentary scale is a basic measuring tool in junior high school physics, before using it to observe its range and divisional value, the use of the degree of time to be close to the object to be measured, read the line of sight and the scale perpendicular to the estimated reading to the next division value, as well as the length of the measurement of the data analysis and processing, know the length of the measurement of the record of the precautions, carefully analyze the data can be correctly solve the problem.
16. Xiaochao was woken up by the music of the square dance is very unhappy, for him, the sound of the music of the square dance belongs to the noise (fill in the "noise" or "music"), in order to avoid interference, he wore earmuffs, which is the use of the sound insulation (fill in the "anechoic"). This is the use of sound insulation ("anechoic", "sound absorption" or "sound insulation") method to reduce the interference.
Small Chao was woken up by the music of the square dance and was very unhappy. For him, the music of the square dance affected his rest, so it belongs to noise;
In order to avoid the interference, he put on earmuffs, which is the use of the human ear to attenuate the noise, and it belongs to the sound isolation to attenuate the interference of the noise. Therefore, the answer is: noise; sound insulation.
Review of this question examines the students of loudness in the life of the specific application of the understanding of the situation, know the way to control noise, is a basic question of acoustics.
17. As shown in the figure, "Wujiang smoky rain" is a rare and beautiful scenery, the fog surrounding the river is liquefied by water vapor (fill in the name of the change of state) formed in the process of water vapor will be released fill in the ("absorption" or "emit") heat.
The fog is formed by the water vapor in the air is cold liquefied into small water droplets, liquefaction exothermic.
So the answer is: liquefaction; emission.
CommentsThis question examines the formation of dew is what kind of physical changes, and heat absorption and excretion, is a basic question.
18. In the physical education examination, the small super throw solid ball in the air as shown in the figure. The ball from the highest point to the point of landing in the process, the gravitational potential energy decreases, ignoring air resistance, the ball's mechanical energy remains unchanged (all fill in the "increase", "unchanged" "decrease").
Analysis of the solid ball from the highest point to the landing point of the process, the mass is unchanged, the speed increases, the height decreases, so the kinetic energy becomes larger, the potential energy becomes smaller, the gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. Since the air resistance is not counted, mechanical energy is conserved and remains constant.
So the answer is: decrease; unchanged.
Criticism can be based on the throw described in the question, combined with the kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy of the factors affecting the ball's kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy change is the key to the analysis.
19. Weekend, Xiaoguan and Xiaochao respectively with family members to drive from the same place at the same time to Guilin City, Le Man Di Theme Park to play, as shown in the figure is a section of the two cars on a straight highway movement image, from the figure can be seen, the two cars are doing uniform linear motion (fill in the "accelerated linear motion" or "uniform linear motion" or "accelerated linear motion" or "uniform linear motion"). "uniform linear motion"); the speed of the car is greater than (greater than or less than) the speed of the car.
Analysis
By the graph, we know that the s-t graph of the two cars is an inclined straight line, so the two cars are moving in a straight line with uniform speed.
By the graph, we can see that the distance traveled by the car is greater than that by the car of the family of Xiao Guan in the same period of time, so the speed of the car of the family of Xiao Chaocao is greater than that of the car of Xiao Guan.
The answer is: uniform linear motion; greater than.
Review of this question examined the comparison of the size of the speed, the judgment of the state of motion of the object and the influence of inertia, read the meaning of the image, from the image to find valuable information, is the key to the analysis of such problems.
20. As shown in the figure, a section of thick and thin, uniform mass of wax, weighing G1, length of L, and a weight of G2 iron connected by a lightweight rope, whole floating on the water surface, exposed to the surface of the length of the water for L0, then the wax and the iron by the buoyant force of the water by the buoyancy of the F buoyancy = G1 + G2, if many times to cut off the wax exposed to the surface of the water until the wax block of the upper surface of the water surface and the water is exactly flat, this
That is: ρ
Water g(×+-)
=G1+G2, so, L1=L-L0.
The answer is: G1+G2; L-L0.
CommentsThis question examines the conditions of floating and sinking of the object in question and the Archimedes principle of application, the key to grasp two points: ① wax and iron connected by a light rope, floating on the water is floating, buoyancy is equal to the total gravity; ② wax and the upper surface of the water is exactly the same level is suspended, buoyancy is equal to gravity. Note that the two states are not the same buoyancy.
Three, graphing, experiments and investigation questions (21, 22 questions 2 points each, 21 questions 5 points, 24 questions 6 points, 25 questions 9 points, **** 24 points) Please fill in the answer on the answer card
21. Draw a diagram of the force acting on the object placed at rest on the inclined plane in the figure.
Analysis
The object resting on the inclined plane is subjected to a vertical downward force of gravity G, a perpendicular upward force of support N;
Because of the tendency of the object to slide downward, the object is also subjected to an upward force of friction f along the inclined plane;
Over the object's center of gravity as a vertical downward force of gravity G, over the center of gravity as a perpendicular upward force of support N, and over the center of gravity as a friction force upward along the inclined plane. For the friction force f along the inclined plane upward; as shown in the figure:
Comments on this question to test the ability of students to analyze the force on the object, and will use the force of the diagram to indicate the point of action of the force and the direction of the force.
22. As shown in the figure, a beam of light AO directed to the plane mirror by the mirror reflection along the horizontal direction OB shot in the figure, ON is the angle bisector of ∠AOB, please make the location of the plane mirror placed in the figure and mark the angle of incidence α.