195, great-grandfather Liu Bang died, and Lv Zhi, as the empress dowager, manipulated the state affairs. At that time, several maids were chosen for the King of Qi, five of whom were Dou.
Dou lives in Qinghe, near Zhao, and hopes to go to Zhao. She asked the eunuch in charge of sending maids to put her name on the roster to go to Zhao. The eunuch forgot about it when distributing maids and mistakenly put her name on the list of going abroad. So she went to Daiguo. Although this was not her wish, Liu Heng, a generation king of 12 years old, fell in love with her after she came to China. She first gave birth to a daughter Liu Pu with her, and then gave birth to two sons: Liu Qi and Liu Wu.
family status
Liu Heng, the former acting king, died shortly after giving birth to four sons. After Dai Wang became Emperor Wen of Chinese, four sons of former Wang Housheng died one after another.
In this way, Wendi soon acceded to the throne. After Liu Qili, the eldest son, ascended the throne as a prince in the first year of the former Yuan Dynasty (BC 180), the Queen Mother was appointed as a queen in March, Liu Pu named Guan Tao as princess royal, and Liu Wuxian, the youngest son, was appointed as the acting king, and Liang Xiaowang was later named as.
Queen Dou's parents died young and were buried in Guanjin. Empress Bo ordered Dou Taihou's father to be An Chenghou and his mother to be An Chenghou. The cemetery was placed in Qinghe County, her hometown, with the same specifications and ceremony as her father's Lingwenyuan. After Han Jing ascended the throne, Dou Taihou built a tomb in the south of Guanjin to show filial piety and fill the abyss where his father fell. The person's number is Dushi Qingshan. (Quotation from Suoyin's Records of the Historian and Bei Tang's Notes)
Dou Hou and his two brothers, brother Dou Changjun and brother Dou Guangguo. Shao Jun, the son of Guangguo, was abducted to other places when he was four or five years old because of his poor family, and there was no news of him. Later, it was sold for more than a dozen, and finally it went to Yiyang (now Yiyang West, Henan Province), where it was dug for others. One evening, more than 100 people slept on the cliff, and suddenly the cliff collapsed, killing all the people sleeping on the cliff. Only Shao Jun escaped. A few days later, he followed his master to Chang 'an, and heard that the newly sealed queen's surname was Dou, and her native place was Guanjin. Although Dou Guangguo was young when he left home, he remembered his native place and surname, and vaguely remembered picking mulberry leaves with his sister and falling from the tree. He wrote down these things in detail and entrusted them to Dou Hou. After seeing these materials, Dou Hou called Guangguo and asked about other things in detail. That's her own brother. The queen also reminded her brother of some past events. Shao Jun recalled: "When my sister went to the west, I remember asking for rice soup to wash my hair at the post office and then giving me a meal before leaving." Dou Hou listened, holding his brother's hand and crying. Queen Dou rewarded the two brothers and settled them in the capital. Later, virtuous elders were invited to live with them and educate them. Because of this, Dou Changjun and Dou later became modest gentlemen, afraid to be proud of their identity.
About state affairs
Queen Dou is sick and blind. BC 157, Wendi died, Jingdi Liu Qi ascended the throne, and Dou Taihou became the Empress Dowager, known as Dou Taihou in history. Dou Taihou dotes on his youngest son, Liu Wu, so much that he can't calculate the return. He can't wait for him to ascend to the throne. At first, Jingdi had deep feelings for his younger brother, who was deeply loved by his mother and made great contributions to the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion. Not only did he go out with him, but he also boasted at a family dinner that he would entrust his life to the country.
In the third year of the early Yuan Dynasty (BC 154), before the establishment of the Prince, at a family dinner, Emperor Jing calmly said to Liu Wu, "I will pass on the throne to you after I live forever." Liu Wu talked about politely declining, but he was very happy. Dou Taihou was overjoyed. After being stopped by Dou Ying, he gave up. Later, Empress Dowager Cixi proposed that Liang Wang be the heir, and sought the opinions of ministers again. Yuan Ang and other ministers unanimously opposed it. In this way, the issue of Liang Wang's succession will be forgotten. But at the same time, it also laid a curse for the opposition ministers to shed blood in the capital in the future.
His nephew, General Dou Ying, put down the Seven-Country Rebellion and made Qi Wei his successor. After the collapse of Emperor Wendi, the Dou clan was named Hou: the younger Dou Changjun died young, the younger Dou was named Nanpi Hou, and the younger Dou was named Zhang Wuhou.
Dou Taihou believed in the study of Huang Lao. Jingdi and Dou clan had to read Laozi and respect its theory. Therefore, when she was alive, "all doctors have official questions, but they don't enter" ("Historical Records Biography of the Scholars"). When she arrived at Jingdi, she called Dr. Yuan Gusheng and asked him what book Laozi was. Yuan Gusheng didn't understand current affairs, and suddenly replied, "This is just a book that ordinary people read. It doesn't make sense." Dou Taihou was furious: "Is it necessary to write a book in Sikongcheng?" In the text, he laughed at the harshness of Confucianism, which was better than ordinary prison officials and Cheng Dan's criminal law. Yuan Gusheng wanted to turn around and leave, but was stopped by the queen mother and asked him to go to the pigsty to fight with the pigs. Liu Che (Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty), then a prince, saw that Yuan Gusheng was a weak scholar and was afraid of losing to a pig, so he threw a dagger and asked Yuan Gusheng to stab the pig to death. Therefore, during his sixteen years in office, Emperor Jingdi never used Confucian scholars. After Liu Che acceded to the throne, Empress Dowager Tai heard that he was a good Confucian, but in fact he was not, and he often intervened in state affairs. It is not convenient for Emperor Wu to disobey his grandmother, and he always asks her for instructions in all government affairs. At that time, Zhao Wan, an ancient imperial doctor, and Wang Zang, a doctor in the doctor's office, welcomed Lu Confucian scholars into the DPRK and suggested that the system should be antique, a temple should be set up to pray for peace, and clothes should be changed for the inauguration ceremony. They also suggested that in future political affairs, "you don't have to plead for the East Palace". Empress Dowager was furious and ordered Emperor Wudi to remove Zhao Wan and Wang Zang. Before her death, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty no longer respected Confucian scholars, which shows her political influence.
Empress dowager period
Before Liu Heng proclaimed himself emperor, his wife died of illness. After Liu Heng ascended the throne, his four sons died one after another. In 180 BC, Liu Heng, the acting king, became the Emperor of Chinese. Shortly after he ascended the throne, his ministers wrote a letter asking for the crown prince. At this time, among the philosophers, only Dou Shi's son Liu Qi was older, and Liu Qi was made a prince. In March, a company invited a queen. Empress Bo said, "All the scholars have the same surname, and the prince and mother are queens." The queen's surname is Dou. Liu Wuxian, the second son of Xiao Wen in Historical Records, was named acting king. Two years later, it was renamed King Huaiyang, and his daughter Liu Pu was named "Guantao princess royal".
Because Dou's family was poor, he sympathized with the people's sufferings and thrived with Wendi, thus reducing the burden on the people. Emperor Wen "ascended the throne for twenty-three years, and rode horses in the palace without any income." (Han Emperor Moon Hee) Later, Dou Changjun and Dou Guangguo, the brothers of the Dou family, went to Chang 'an to recognize their relatives. Wendi was very happy to see the two grandmothers, and gave them many fields and houses to live in Chang 'an. Prime Minister He believes that these two grandmothers were born in poverty and did not study well, so they should choose German teachers to strengthen their education, so as not to repeat the mistakes made by the consorts of Lu. ("Han Shu consorts biography")
Sinus aging and color decline, vision decline after a serious illness, and gradually fall out of favor. In this regard, Queen Dou is naturally helpless and can only feel sad secretly.
/kloc-in 0/69, King Huai of Liang fell off a horse and died. 168, renamed Liang Wang, historical name.
157 (Wendi died seven years ago), Wendi died. Crown Prince Liu Qi acceded to the throne as Emperor Hanjing, and Dou Shi was honored as the Empress Dowager.
In the third year of Emperor Jingdi, the "Seven Kingdoms Rebellion" broke out and was settled after March. The following year, when Liang entered the DPRK, Emperor Jingdi gave a banquet and drank wine. Emperor Jingdi boasted to the Empress Dowager that it would spread to the Empress Dowager after her death, and the Empress Dowager was very happy. Because she dotes on her youngest son, Liu Wu. However, Dou Ying, his nephew, protested: "Father and son have been handed down from generation to generation, which is the ancestral system of the Han Dynasty. How did this happen? " These words offended the Queen Mother, and within a few days, Dou Taihou ordered Dou Ying to be removed from Huang Qi's list.
Dou Taihou wanted Jingdi to make Liu Wu heir to the throne. But Jingdi just made a slip of the tongue after drinking, not really. However, if he doesn't do this, he will go against his mother's wishes. When he was in a dilemma, the minister or minister resolutely opposed it on the grounds of ancient system and ancestral training. Jingdi immediately decided to let his eldest son Liu Rong be the Crown Prince, but in less than a year, Liu Rong's grievance was abolished, and Dou Taihou took the opportunity to make Liu Wu his heir.
Yuan Ang, the minister, wrote that it was inappropriate. Jingdi took the opportunity to make Liu Che a prince, and Dou Taihou's wish was dashed again. Liu Wu, King of Liang, heard that Yuan Ang and others were in the way and sent assassins to kill dozens of ministers, including Yuan Ang. Emperor Jing was furious and ordered the arrest of the real murderer. When the story was revealed, Liu Wu was helpless and the assassin committed suicide. Thanks to Guan Tao's intercession with the Queen Mother and Dou Taihou's intervention, the matter went away, but from then on, Jingdi's heart could no longer hold Liang Wang.
In BC 144, Liu Wu, King of Liang, died of illness. When Dou Taihou heard the news, he sobbed all day, didn't eat or drink, and often cursed: "The emperor really killed my son!" Seeing Jingdi's filial piety, I was anxious. I don't know what to do. Sister Guantao princess royal gave Jingdi advice and asked Jingdi to divide the beam into five parts. All five sons are kings, and all five daughters are married to Tang. Turn grief into joy in the rear.
At this time, Dou Taihou was blind, and she liked the technique of Huang Lao. Jingdi and Dou Shi brothers also had to read Laozi and respect the technology of Huang Lao. "Huang Lao" refers to the Yellow Emperor and Lao Zi, and Taoism also respects Huang Lao as the ancestor, and advocates inaction and tolerance for others. The Dou family experienced three dynasties: Wendi, Jingdi and Wudi, and the history called the reign of Wendi and Jingdi as "the rule of Wenjing".
The premise of Dou Taihou's thought of governing the country by Taoism is that after Deng Bai's Rebellion in the Western Han Dynasty, he found that his current national strength was not enough to confront or even destroy the Xiongnu regime in the north at that time, and the country had just experienced a war, and it was urgent to restore the national economy to develop production. Therefore, since the reign of Wen and Jing, the central government of the Western Han Dynasty has generally promoted the idea of governing the country by Huang Lao. The basic policies for the national economy have been fully implemented. Although disturbed by the rebellion of the seven countries, the overall economic situation of the country has irreversibly embarked on the track of benign development. By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the country's economic strength was unprecedented and it had the strength to compete with the Xiongnu regime in the north. But at this time, Dou Taihou made a judgment: If we go to war at this time, we can't win, but we may destroy the accumulated achievements since Wenjing. Some ministers were puzzled, and the Queen Mother then made an analysis: Although the country's economic strength has greatly increased, the foundation of development achievements is still very shallow, and it is easy to be shaken by large-scale wars. Moreover, the army building at that time was slack because of the premise of developing the economy, and the training of the army and the selection of generals were slack; Besides, at this time, the strength of Xiongnu has not been weakened, and the combat effectiveness of its army is very strong. Moreover, if the Huns attack in the north, it is impossible to annihilate without a strong cavalry force. Moreover, at that time, the horse industry in the Western Han Dynasty was relatively loose, and the horses were not as bloody as the Xiongnu BMW. More importantly, the Western Han Dynasty has not yet contacted the Western Regions. Once he sends his troops, he will fight alone, and the intelligence inside the Huns will be unstable. Combining these factors, although the Han Dynasty was already very powerful, it was also the reason why Emperor Wudi's requests for sending troops were rejected several times.
Empress dowager period
In BC 14 1 year, Jingdi died and the car succeeded to the throne. History is called Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and Dou Taihou is honored as the Empress Dowager.
stop
Dou Taihou died in 135 BC (the sixth year of Jianyuan) at the age of about 7 1 year. Empress Dowager Tai died and was buried with Emperor Wen.
Liu Pu, the royal curator of the Western Han Dynasty, princess royal, is the eldest daughter of Emperor Xiaowen and Queen Dou of Han Dynasty, the only half-sister of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, and also the aunt and mother-in-law of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Emperor Han Jingdi sealed the pavilion Tao princess royal; During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he was promoted to big princess, a Guantao, and was called Dou Shutai.
Princess Guantao married the hereditary Princess Tang in the third year of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty (177), so she was also called Tang Yida princess royal.
Yi * *, the sinus queen of Wendi, has a daughter and two sons. According to the national system of the Han Dynasty, Liang Wang's youngest son, Liu Wu, had to live in Guo Feng and could not stay in Beijing for a long time.
Queen Dou was blind in her early years, her eldest son, Emperor Liu Qi, was busy with government affairs, her beloved son was far away in Liang, and her closest friend was Guantao princess royal. Emperor Han Jing also liked this compatriot and sister very much. Guan Tao princess royal, relying on his mother's love and his brother's connivance, entered and exited the palace, becoming a force that can not be ignored in the cold pavilion.
[Edit this paragraph] The golden house hides the charming.
The thin queen of Jingdi was abolished without children. As there was no son, Emperor Jingdi initially made his eldest son, Liu Rong, a prince according to the tradition of "growing up". Liu Pu wants her daughter to be the queen of the Han Dynasty, so she wants to marry her daughter to Rong. Li Ji, Liu Rong's biological mother, rudely refused. Guantao princess royal was furious and abandoned the prince's heart.
At that time, Wang Yi, the biological mother of Liu Che, the king of Jiaodong, was just an ordinary "beauty" in Jingdi's harem. However, Wang Meiren is both smart and sophisticated. As soon as he found the opportunity, he immediately bent down, tried every means to cater to and please Guantao princess royal, and fought for the Crown Prince for his son.
According to the Hanwu Story, "Yi Kuang, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was born in the temple on July 7th. At the age of four, he was made King of Jiaodong. When he was a few years old, Princess Royal fell to her knees and asked, "Do you want a wife?" King Jiaodong said,' I want a wife.' Master Chang refers to more than 100 people around him, all of whom are redundant. Finally, he pointed to his daughter and asked, "How is Gillian?" So he smiled and said,' Good! If Gillian is a wife, then it's a golden house. ""This is the origin of the idiom "A golden house hides a charming woman".
Princess royal Liu Pu saw that Gillian and Liu Che were similar in age and lived in harmony since childhood, so she agreed to the marriage of the cousins Chen Ajiao and Liu Che. When they came of age, they even got married and became husband and wife. It is a marriage legend that has been passed down for thousands of years. It is a vow and marriage promise made by a man to his original wife.
The engagement was a turning point in the politics of the Han Dynasty. Because of her daughter's engagement, Liu Pu turned to fully support Liu Che, and the situation in the imperial court changed greatly. After princess royal's management, Jingdi was abolished as King Linjiang, and will be relegated to the cold palace, worrying about her death. Soon, the emperor officially canonized Wang Miao as the queen and made Liu Che the prince.
What needs to be pointed out here is that China's inheritance tradition has always been "based on the ground, based on the ground". That is to say: if the wife has a son, stand at attention to the wife's son; If a wife has no son, she is the eldest of all illegitimate children. Liu Che, an illegitimate child who is neither "straight" nor "long", can rely on the power of his wife's family, from seizing the position of prince to becoming emperor.
After the death of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, he proclaimed himself emperor and made his original wife Chen the queen.
In his early days, he disagreed with his grandmother Dou Taihou's political views, and the Jianyuan New Deal even violated the vested interests of the founding faction, causing a strong rebound. Thanks to the full support of Dou Taihou's only daughter, Queen Chen Ajiao and Guantao princess royal, Liang Wudi narrowly escaped death.
After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, he went to visit his eldest sister, Princess Yangxin. The princess entertained her younger brother to watch songs and dances, during which Liu Che met Wei Zifu, the slave girl of her sister's family for the first time. During the dinner, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty went to change clothes ('changing clothes' was a euphemism for going to the toilet in ancient times), followed by Zifu. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had sex with Wei Zifu in the toilet for the first time. Afterwards, Liu Che took Wei Zifu into the palace. Before leaving, Princess Yangxin stroked Wei Zifu's back and asked earnestly, "When you get rich, don't forget each other ..."
Wei Zifu was abandoned by Emperor Wu as soon as he entered the palace, and he didn't meet for more than a year. Later, when the ladies were released in the palace, Wei Zifu got a chance to cry in front of Emperor Wu, and was favored again. Wei Zifu gave birth to three daughters and became a "lady" concubine in the harem.
At this time, an unpredictable' witchcraft' case occurred in the court of the Han Dynasty, pointing directly at Empress Chen, who had been neglected by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty for a long time. Witchcraft,' the art of witchcraft and ghosts' or' the art of witchcraft and curses (curses)', specifically including curses, shooting at my puppet (I hate winning) and poisonous methods. , is a kind of witchcraft that originated from ancient folk beliefs and was used to hurt my enemies.
At that time, people thought that it would be a disaster for the cursed to let wizards, priests and others bury puppets in the ground and then curse those who complained. Because the ancients were superstitious and believed in the power of witchcraft. Witchcraft has been a taboo in the court since ancient times; Because of the simple operation, the suspect can't defend himself at all, which has always been an excellent trick to plant and frame his opponent. Throughout the history of China for thousands of years, countless empresses, courtiers, princes and princesses died unjustly in these two words.
At the age of 27, Liu Che issued an imperial edict on the charge of witchcraft: "The Queen is insane, and she is confused about the wishes of the wizard, so she can't accept her fate. It has a seal on it and retires to Nagato Palace. " Since then, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty has kept Empress Chen in the palace; The cost of food and clothing is still queen level, and the treatment remains unchanged. At this point, the golden house collapsed, and' grace' and' affection' were both negative.
Guantao princess royal felt wronged by her daughter's experience, but by this time Dou Taihou had died and her nephew Liu Che was in power-helpless.
[Edit this paragraph] Spend one's old age peacefully
The year after Empress Chen lost her seat, Chen Wu, the husband of Princess Guantao, died. The royal princess became a widow and lonely. She fell in love with a beautiful boy named Dong Yan.
Dong Yan was born in poverty. His mother is a pearl merchant. Yan Dong has been in and out of the Princess House with her since she was thirteen years old. Dou Zhu cherishes materials and supports him to learn all kinds of talents in the government. At the age of eighteen, she worked as Dou's attendant outside, and when she returned home, she was her attendant. Yandong is gentle and kind by nature, and his relationship with Dou makes many people get along with him and call him "Dong Jun".
Princess Guan Tao and Dong Yan have a very good relationship, although they are very different in age. So when Yandong died, princess royal said that he didn't want to share a cave with his late husband Chen Wu, but wanted to be buried with Dong Yan. Princess royal's wish came true later.
After the death of Guantao princess royal, his son Chen Xu slept with his wife and concubine during the mourning period, which violated the ethical code at that time; Due to inheritance disputes with other illegitimate children, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who was bent on finding fault with the princes, took the opportunity to abolish Chen's hereditary title.
At that time, Wang Hao, the biological mother of Herry Liu, the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who was born in Jiaodong, agreed to Liu Pu's proposal. Herry Liu was smart since he was a child, and won the favor of Jingdi. He became king at the age of 4, which shows that he is a potential stock. Liu Pu put all his bets on Herry Liu.
Li Ji was jealous and lacked political wisdom, so he was not loved by Jingdi. Jingdi once said to Li Ji when he was ill: If I die, please be kind to my children. Li Ji didn't promise not to say anything, and even made rude remarks, which angered Jingdi. Liu Pu saw the opportunity and often spoke ill of Li Ji in front of his younger brother. In addition, Wang Hao tricked Li Ji's brother into going to school and framed Li Ji, which completely angered Jingdi. Finally, Emperor Jingdi abolished Liu Rong as King Linjiang, and Liu Che succeeded him.
If Guan Tao made any contribution to Emperor Wu's accession to the throne, it was only because he was the eldest sister of the emperor, so he often spoke ill of Li Ji and Liu Rong, which made Jingdi, who didn't like Li Ji and Liu Rong, hate the mother and son even more. The key to success is that Wang Yi's mother and son are favored and have high political skills.
Liu Piao's daughter also successfully married Liu Yuxin Che, much younger than her, and then ascended the throne in the palace, becoming the first queen of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Guan Tao and Empress Chen made contributions to Emperor Wu, and they were arrogant. In the early days of Liang Wudi's accession to the throne, he disagreed with Dou Taihou's political views, and Chen had no children, so there was a worry that there would be no successors in the country. The courtiers began to talk about abolishing Emperor Wu.
After the sacrifice, Liu Che visited the residence of his sister Princess Pingyang and met Wei Zifu, the undertaker of Princess Pingyang's residence. Wei Zifu's gentle personality won the favor of Emperor Wu, and he was lucky enough to be brought into the palace. Unexpectedly, Queen Chen was furious and jealous. After killing many people, Liu Che had no choice but to give Wei Zifu the cold shoulder. Although Queen Chen spent 90 million yuan from the national treasury to seek treatment for infertility, it still had no effect.
After Wei Zifu became pregnant, she broke the rumor that Liu Che was infertile. Empress Chen and Guantao were not satisfied with the stability of Liu Che's throne, but they also plotted to get rid of Wei Zifu. However, because Wei Zifu was protected by Liu Che, and he couldn't start, Guan Tao took the idea to Wei Zifu's younger brother Wei Qing.
Guan Tao kidnapped Wei Qing, a little-known nobody, and wanted to kill Wei Qing to vent his anger. Fortunately, Wei Qing's good friend air billow Gongsun 'ao joined hands with a group of brave men to rescue Wei Qing. Imagine, if there were no Gongsun Ao to save Wei Qing, then our national heroes who swept the desert without fighting and made great achievements for the Western Han Dynasty and even the Han nation for thousands of years would be destroyed in Guantao's self-interest. It can be seen that Guan Tao and Queen Chen are just a pair of narrow-minded, jealous villains and mothers who disregard the country's righteousness for their own interests.
After Wei Qing was rescued, Wei Zifu and Wei Qing received a reward from Liu Che, and the Wei family began to be different. Empress Chen became less and less valued and finally turned to witchcraft. And invited the witch to the palace. Chufu often wears men's clothes and sleeps with Queen Chen as husband and wife. Queen Chen was also the first lesbian in history.
The so-called witchcraft is an ancient folk belief. That is, witchcraft has hurt the enemy. Originated in ancient times, including curses, shooting dolls (I hate winning) and poison methods. Curses have become very popular in primitive society. The ancients believed that cursing with words could hurt the enemy personally or the enemy country. Zuo zhuan. "Eleven Years of Hidden Tribute" records that Zheng Bofa, Xu and Uncle Ying Kao were shot dead by their own doctor, Gong Sunkui, with a dark arrow. After the war, in order to punish the murderer who shot Uncle Ying Kao, Zheng Bo ordered the army to shoot him (boar), dogs and chickens and curse him. Zu Chu Wen, handed down from generation to generation, is regarded as the accusation that King Hui of Qin cursed Chu Huaiwang. Curses were very popular in the Han dynasty, so the law stipulated that those who cursed should be sentenced to death. Shooting a puppet is to make an enemy idol out of wood, mud or paper, hide it somewhere, curse it every day, or shoot it with an arrow and acupuncture it, thinking that it can make the enemy sick and die.
Emperor Wu was very angry when he learned about it. In desperation, he had to abolish this unruly and arrogant cousin queen. Guantao princess royal complained to Princess Pingyang, the sister of Emperor Wu, that if it weren't for me, your brother wouldn't have been emperor, and now he has ruined my daughter. Isn't that forgetfulness? Princess Pingyang told her: Your daughter can't have children, and there is nothing you can do.