Plum blossoms fall in spring. Plum blossoms bloom in cold spring and snowy winter. Fragrant. Plum blossom, Bai Mei, green plum and mume plum are competing to open. Red is like a sunrise, white makeup is like jade, green is green, and black is solemn and refined, which makes people dizzying. White jade butterfly plum, green sepal plum with green calyx, carmine pearl cinnabar plum, light makeup pink plum, dark plum, red calyx red plum, red-pistil red plum, iron-boned dragon swimming plum, branches and pistils are all down, just like leaning down to take pictures of water plum ... fluttering in the wind, dressing up the earth like colorful clouds; The wind brings fragrance, embellishes the remnant winter, and fills the world with spring. "Smoke posture jade bone, faint east wind color, seduce half spring." With the fragrance of Xiangmei, everything is revived, and a prosperous spring is coming.
Spring comes first, which is the most precious place of Mei.
Plum blossom, not afraid of cold, independent early spring. It braves the cold wind and is proud of first frost; It breeds buds in ice and blooms in snow; It is ahead of the east wind and conveys the news of spring to people, and is known as "the first branch of the east wind". This indomitable spirit and tenacious will of plum blossom has always been regarded as a symbol of noble character and noble temperament. Yang Wei, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty, intoned: "Xiang Xuehai dares to produce thousands of flowers, and a tree leads the spring scenery alone."
Plum blossom is a deciduous tree of Prunus in Rosaceae. Also known as Mei, Mei and Liao. Plum blossoms are divided into five petals, and the colors are white, red, light green and light red. Mainly white and red. Flowers first and leaves later, and fruits can be divided into three types: green plum (green), Bai Mei (bluish white) and plum (reddish). Besides fresh food, you can also make candied fruit and jam. Immature fruit is processed into ebony.
Plum blossoms are native to China, mostly distributed in the south of the Yangtze River. Plums have been cultivated in China for at least 3,000 years. There is a record in The Book of Songs that "there are plum blossoms, but there are actually seven points". 1975, a plum pit was found in the bronze tripod unearthed from the tomb of Yin Ruins in Anyang, Henan Province, with a history of 3200 years. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the love for plums was very strong, and people had changed from picking plums as their main purpose to enjoying flowers. "Shi Mei is famous for its flowers." People use plum blossoms and plums as gifts and sacrifices. By the Han, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the art of plum blossom and Yongmei was more prosperous. "Miscellanies of Xijing" contains: "The forest garden was built in the early Han Dynasty, and it was far from different trees, including honey plum and rouge plum." Then he said, "There are Tongxin Mei, Ziti Mei and Li Youmei in Hanshang Forest Garden." Lu Kai of Jin Dynasty was the nephew of Lu Xun, a famous Wu Dong, and once served as prime minister with elegant words. Lu Kai has a literary friend in Chang 'an, Ye Fan (the author of the Book of Were Han). When he returned to the earth in spring, he picked a plum blossom from Jingzhou and mailed it to Ye Fan, with a short poem: "Fold the plum blossom as a post: send it to the people in the faucet;" Jiangnan has nothing, talk about a spring. " "Spring" can also be given as a gift. Since Lu Kai, plum blossom has been used to convey friendship, which is a well-known story.
In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there were many poems about plum blossoms. "Jinling Zhi" says: "Princess Shouyang, the daughter of Emperor Wu, lies under the eaves of Zhangdian. Plum blossoms fall on her forehead, and she can't get rid of them. No plum makeup is effective. " This may be the beginning of the beautiful plum blossom pattern.
At the beginning of this article, Cho Se Ung, a native of Sui Dynasty, met the plum blossom fairy in Luofu Mountain. The story is beautiful and touching. It shows that people also loved Mei Chengfeng at that time.
Plum blossoms in Gushan, Hangzhou were famous in the Tang Dynasty. When the poet Bai Juyi left Hangzhou, he wrote a poem "Remembering Plum Blossoms in Hangzhou, and sending a small thank-you note to recall the past". The poem says: "I was in Yuhang for three years and drunk with Meihua;" Wuzu Temple is as snowy as snow, and Gushan Garden is as beautiful as makeup. " Song Huan, a famous minister in the Tang Dynasty, saw plum blossoms in full bloom in Dongchuan's official residence, and returned with some feelings, so he wrote down the plum blossom fu, which included such praise words as "Take care of the whole day alone in early spring" and "Dare not change, can marry a gentleman's day". Besides, many famous artists, such as Du Fu and Li Bai, have poems by Yongmei. Jiang used to be a favorite of the Tang emperor. He liked plum blossoms very much. According to Biography of Mei Fei, "I live on the threshold of a fence, and I learned to plant some branches ... and gave me plum blossoms, but I can't go at night because I'm still worried about flowers. Shang (Tang) is famous for its goodness, and the play is called. "
In the Northern Song Dynasty, Lin Bu (Hejing), Chu Shi, lived in seclusion in the lonely mountain of Hangzhou. He was unmarried and had children, but he planted a plum crane named "Mei Wife Crane", which was passed down as an eternal story. There is a famous sentence in his poem "Xiaomei in the Mountain Garden": "The shadows are shallow, and the fragrance floats at dusk." It is a vivid portrayal of plum blossom, a household name, and is known as the eternal swan song.
Fan Chengda in the Southern Song Dynasty was a famous painter, Yongmei, who performed plum art and remembered plum. He collected 12 plum blossom varieties in Bifan Village, Shihu, Suzhou, and wrote the first plum blossom monograph in China (even the whole world) in186. 1 19 1 In winter, poet and musician Jiang Kui lived in Shihu Meiyuan, Fan Chengda, when plum blossoms were in full bloom. He wrote a new song by himself and added two words, named Dimfragrance and Thin Shadow, which were very balanced and highly praised by Fan.
In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a Wang Mian who loved Mei, Mei, Mei and Mei. He lived in seclusion in Jiulishan and planted thousands of plum trees. His self-proclaimed residence is "Plum Blossom House". He also painted ink plums with dense flowers and vigorous brushwork, and sometimes used rouge as boneless plums, which was unique. His poem "Mo Mei" is famous all over the world:' I am the first tree in Xiyan Lake, and I don't need to praise its lewdness, leaving only fresh air full of dry Kun.' Wang Mian also wrote A Biography of Plum Blossoms, which turned the story of "Looking at Plums to Quench Thirst" in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms into an interesting fairy tale: General Cao Cao got lost in the March and was very thirsty in the army, and wanted to see Mei. Meijuren begged his grandson: "The old man (editor's note: posthumous title of Cao Cao) covets it, and people will not give in." "My family is innocent. Be careful not to talk to others. There is no comparison. " Wang Mian compared his personality with praising plum blossom and despising powerful people.
Lu Fangweng Yongmei, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote in his poem "Bu Operator": "There is no intention to fight for spring, a group of people are jealous, smashed into mud and crushed into ashes, and only the fragrance remains." Yongmei is used to express the poet's loneliness and his emotions always maintain a high degree of integrity, no matter how depressed he is. Mao Zedong used it to the contrary, and put forward "Yongmei", pointing out that; "It is already a cliff full of ice, and there are beautiful flowers. Joe doesn't fight for spring, he only reports it. When the mountain flowers are in full bloom, she laughs in the bushes. " Full of revolutionary heroism and optimism. Mao Zedong also praised the spirit of "Plum Blossoms are full of snow" in another poem "Winter Clouds", which is not afraid of cold and independent of early spring.
In addition to countless poems by Yongmei, there is an anecdote in the history of China painting: Song Boren, a famous painter in the Song Dynasty, loved plum blossoms all his life. In order to draw plums, he planted many plum trees. Whenever plum blossoms are in full bloom, he carefully observes them from morning till night under the plum trees, depicting various forms of plum blossoms from germination to flowering, from blooming to withering, and arranges them into one hundred pictures, named Plum Blossom Spectrum. In order to praise his plum blossom painting "West God", later generations called his plum blossom painting "Plum Blossom West God Spectrum". Wu Changshuo, a modern historian, once said in a poem that he "handed down from generation to generation and copied Mei in Song Dynasty".
Plum blossom is not only a precious flower in China, but also very popular abroad, but it is still cultivated in the East abroad. Japanese plum was handed down from China, and so was North Korea. There is also the "Mei Society" organization in Japan, which specializes in publishing "Mei". It was introduced to Europe in the19th century and to the United States at the beginning of this century. Now it is cultivated all over the world, but it is not as prosperous as the eastern countries.
Plum blossoms have been handed down from generation to generation, and they are full of flowers. According to the investigation of 1962, there are more than 230 varieties. It is mainly divided into two systems: fruit plum and flower plum. Fruits and plums can be divided into plum, Bai Mei, plum and ebony. For ornamental purposes, plums can be divided into straight-legged plums, apricot plums, Shui Mei plums and Longyou plums according to their growth posture. According to patterns and colors, there are palace powder type, red plum type, jade butterfly type, cinnabar type, green calyx type and golden sprinkling type. Among them, Gongfenmei is the most common and has the most varieties. Jade butterfly has its own charm, and the green calyx has the strongest fragrance, especially the "Money Green Calyx" in Chengdu.
Mei's hometown is in western Hubei and eastern Sichuan. According to Compendium of Materia Medica quoted from Tao Hongjing's Bielu of Famous Doctors, "Shimei was born in Hanzhong Valley", while "Xiang Hanchuan, Shu Jianghu and Huailing all have it". "Flower Mirror" said: "Gu Mei is famous for martial arts, Xing Wu, West Lake, Huiji, Siming and other places." "Flower Mirror" said in Mei's annotation: Wild plum grows in Danba County in the upper reaches of the Dadu River in Sichuan, in the valley area with an altitude of 1900 ~ 2000 meters, and in the mountainous area with an altitude of 1900 meters in Huili County in the Yalong River Basin. In ancient times, Xing 'an Mountain in Guangxi and Dayuling at the junction of Jiangxi and Guangdong were all places rich in plums. Luofu Mountain in Zengcheng County, Guangdong Province has always been famous for its rich plum blossoms, and "Luofu Mountain" later became another name for plum blossoms.
China is the hometown of plums, and there are many scenic spots to enjoy plums, especially in the south of the Yangtze River. Plum blossoms in the world are nothing more than Dengwei Mountain in Suzhou and West Lake in Hangzhou.
Plum trees are planted in Dengwei Mountain in Suzhou and its nearby pier, which are famous for their plums. According to legend, Dengwei Mountain was named after Deng Wei, the satrap of the Eastern Han Dynasty, lived in seclusion here. During the Song Dynasty, Gao Shicha planted plum trees in Wu Shan. Later, the mountain people planted plum trees for a living, and the more they planted, the more plum trees were everywhere. According to the Records of Guangfu, "Seven out of ten people climb Mount Wei to plant plums." Rizo, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, wrote a poem "Looking at thousands of families from afar, planting plums like a valley". Xuanmu Mountain, Tanshan Mountain, Qingzhi Mountain and Bronze Mirror Mountain near Dengfeng Mountain are also connected by thousands of plum blossoms. When the flowers bloom, the mountains are full of valleys and the fragrance is overflowing, just like Xue Hai, so that Luo Song, the governor of the Qing Dynasty, wrote the word "Xiang" on the cliff west of Situmiao, and Wuxia became a famous work. According to legend, Emperor Qianlong visited Dengwei Mountain six times to enjoy the scenery, and wrote six long poems "Deng and His Song". Halfway up the mountain, there is a "Mei Wen Ting", also known as "Wen Mei Xuan". There is a "Plum Blossom Pavilion" on a boulder not far away, both of which are places to enjoy manicure. The pavilion is pentagonal and crowned with bronze cranes. The eaves, stone pillars, stone sills and tiles are all made into five plum blossom shapes. The whole pavilion is a metaphor for the story "Mei's wife is a crane" by Lin Hejing, a hermit in the Song Dynasty. Blend with the surrounding plum blossoms. Beside the pavilion, there is a calligraphy plaque inscribed by Emperor Qianlong when he came to Mount Weishan to enjoy plums in 175 1 year. Coming down from the mountain, there used to be Pan Zunqi's "Xiangxue Caotang" villa in Nixiang Village at the foot of the mountain. There is Simeige in it, named after Simeihua Lane written by Yang in Song Dynasty.
In the plum blossom season, the mountains are all white, like falling into the sea of clouds, and you can't tell which is the cloud and which is the flower. Silver waves in the mountains are shining and colorful. Looking into the distance, the silver sea is rippling, red and green, and endless. There is really a feeling of "spring branches all over the mountains, I don't know how far it is." "Being the best in the world", Dengmei became the main resort of Wu Di's spring tour.
The Gushan Mountain, Lingfeng Mountain and Xiling Mountain in Hangzhou are also called "Three Scenes of Plum Appreciation in West Lake". Gushan is located between Lihu Lake and Waihu Lake in Hangzhou West Lake. Because it is surrounded by blue waves and hangs alone in the lake, it is named "Gushan". Because of its numerous plum blossoms, it is also called "Plum Rain". Here, the West Taiyi Palace was built on behalf of the Song Dynasty, the Palace was built in Qianlong of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, and the park was rebuilt after the Revolution of 1911, which is today's Zhongshan Park. There is a crane pavilion at the northern foot of Gushan Mountain, which is a scenic spot for enjoying plum blossoms. There is a poem that says, "Man's road is an isolated mountain, and it is cold on the shelf.". The inside and outside of the lake is as bright as a mirror, and there are plum blossoms to lean on. " Lingfeng is located in the northwest of West Lake in Hangzhou. During the Jin Dynasty, Yue built Jiufeng Temple here. In the Northern Song Dynasty, it was called Lingfeng for two years. There is a crane pavilion at the top of the temple, which echoes the crane pavilion in Gushan. It is also the former site of the wonderful high platform in the past. Su Song Dongpo once wrote a poem on the wall: "Baotuo Temple at the foot of Lingfeng Mountain, before the white-haired Dongpo came back, Deyun Society said that I am now, and I still vaguely remember that wonderful platform. "There are nearly a hundred Gu Mei plants near the temple, which started earlier and died later than other places. Therefore, there is the scene of "Lingfeng Xun Mei".
It is said that the super mountain in Hangzhou has the strongest flavor. Since the Tang Dynasty, Meilin has been widely planted in Chaoshan, which is known as the "Ten Miles of Plum Blossom Fragrant Snow Sea". There are also two strains of ancient beauty, one from the Tang Dynasty and the other from the Song Dynasty, which are very famous in Jiangnan. Whenever the Shan Mei opens, the fragrant snow turns into the sea, which is spectacular and intoxicating, and is known as "the beauty of the mountain is wonderful in the world". Today, the "Tang Mei" and "Song Mei" on the other side of the mountain are still vigorous and simple, with strange postures. For example, Tang Mei in Damingtang is an old tree over a thousand years old, but its crown is still like an umbrella, with sparse old branches and full shoots, which seems to have infinite youthful vitality. Over Meilin, the clouds are lingering, the Qiantang River is endless in the distance, and the mountains and rivers of Meilin complement each other. It is no wonder that Mr. Wu Changshuo, a modern stone painter, has formed an indissoluble bond with Chaoshan Meilin and wrote an inscribed poem: "In less than ten years, plum blossoms remember me, and I remember plum blossoms; Whenever you buy snow, you will lean over for a drink. " Until the age of 84, he took his son Wu Dongmai, his favorite pupil Wang Geyi and others, holding a wooden stick to enjoy plum blossoms in Chaoshan. After his death, according to their wishes, his relatives built a grave and buried it in Wu Xiangxue before the Tang Dynasty in Chaoshan, so as to live in Meilin forever.
In addition, Meiyuan New Village and Meihua Mountain in Nanjing and Meiyuan in Wuxi. The Grand View Garden and Xinzhuang Park beside Dianshan Lake in Shanghai are also famous for plum blossoms.
The life span of plum trees is very long, usually three or five hundred years, or even more than a thousand years. In addition to the two Tangmei and Song Mei in Chaoshan, the ancient beauty that survived the vicissitudes of life, the earliest ancient beauty was named Jinmei in the ruins of Jiangxin Ancient Temple in Huangmei County, Hubei Province. It is weather-beaten, its trunk has turned gray-black, and it blooms in the cold every year, and the whole flowering period reaches winter and spring. There is also a "Liang Meiwei" in the "National Day Ancient Temple" in Tiantai Mountain, Zhejiang Province, which has a history of 1300 years. Legend has it that it was planted by Master Zhikai, the founder of Tiantai Sect of Buddhism. Although this plant has withered several times, it has been carefully cultivated and rejuvenated. The trunk is old and tall, surrounded by twigs. Thousands of plums were planted on the tree a few years ago. A Qing Dynasty Liang also recorded such a thing in his "Essays on Two Kinds of Autumn Rain temples", which said: "There is a Gu Mei in Huaiti Temple, which is more than ten miles east of the city, and it is said that it is a matter of the Song Dynasty. In the middle of Kangxi, the tree suddenly died and was resurrected for forty years. There are more and more branches and the flowers in the yard are shining. " During the reign of Ting Anne Daoism, Ruan Yuan, a famous scholar, wrote the name of this day: Huanshenmei. It's not surprising that plum trees live long. It's amazing that dead trees can meet spring.
Therefore, one of the characteristics of Mei is that the older she is, the more energetic and promising she looks. There has always been a saying that "old plum blossoms lack peony".
The fragrance of plum blossoms has always been fascinating. It is thick but not bright, cold but not light. The graceful charm and elegant and pleasant fragrance are incomparable to other flowers. However, what is more valuable is the plum blossom spirit. Mei is known as the soul of the Chinese nation for her strong character, upright character, frosty spirit and early spring breath. "The north wind blows down people, and the ancient wood is as strong as iron; A flower in spring, snow in Wan Li. " People call pine, bamboo and plum "three friends of the old cold", and regard plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum as "four gentlemen", appreciate plum's nobility, elegance, coldness and firmness, and regard plum as a confidant and gentleman. May is well deserved.