The Chinese Tea Ceremony is elegant and vulgar **** appreciation, eclectic. On the one hand, highlights the Taoist? Self-will to suit oneself? The arbitrariness, at the same time, different status, beliefs and cultural levels of people have different pursuits of the tea ceremony.
Tea Culture Characteristics
Historical
The formation and development of tea culture has a long history. King Wu of Zhou, tea has been used as tribute. Late primitive commune, tea became goods exchange items. Warring States, tea has a certain scale. Pre-Qin "Poetry" general collection of tea records.
Han Dynasty , tea became a Buddhist ? Zen? Specialized tonic. Wei Jin and North and South Dynasties, there has been the wind of drinking tea. Sui Dynasty, universal tea. Tang Dynasty, the tea industry flourished, tea became? People can not be a day without? The Tang Dynasty, the tea industry flourished, tea has become a popular tea, people can not be a day without? Song Dynasty, the popularity of tea, tea and tea tribute.
Qing Dynasty, opera into the teahouse, the development of foreign trade in tea. Tea culture is accompanied by the emergence of the commodity economy and the formation of urban culture was born. Historical tea culture focuses on cultural ideology, mainly elegant, focusing on the performance of poetry, calligraphy and painting, tea singing and dancing. Tea culture in the formation and development, the melting of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism philosophical color, and evolved into the rituals and customs of the various ethnic groups, and become a part of the excellent traditional culture and a unique cultural model.
Era
The development of material and spiritual civilization has injected new connotations and vitality into the tea culture, and the connotations and manifestations of the tea culture are constantly expanding, extending, innovating and developing in this new period. In the new period, tea culture is dissolved into modern science and technology, modern news media and the essence of the market economy, so that the value of tea culture is more significant, and the role of modernized society is further enhanced. The value of tea is the core of tea culture to further establish the awareness of international exchanges are increasingly frequent. In the new period of tea culture dissemination methods and forms, large-scale, modernization, socialization and international trend. Its connotation is rapidly expanding, expanding the influence of the world's attention.
Ethnicity
Ethnic groups love tea, tea and ethnic cultural life combined to form their own national characteristics of the tea ceremony, tea, tea, tea drinking customs and festive weddings, based on the national tea drinking style, the artistic processing and refining the formation of the national tea, more rich in life and culture, showing the diversity of tea and colorful interest in life. Colorful life interest. Tibetan, Tujia, Wa, Lahu, Naxi, Kazakh, Xibo, Baoan, Achang, Brown, De'ang, Geno, Salar, Bai, Kemi and Yugu tea and celebratory weddings, but also to fully demonstrate the ethnicity of tea culture.
Regional
Famous tea, mountains, water, celebrities, attractions, breeding a distinctive regional tea culture. China's vast area, tea colorful, tea drinking customs are different, coupled with the history of each place, culture, life and economic differences, the formation of local characteristics of the tea culture. In the economic and cultural center of the big cities, with its unique advantages and rich connotation, also formed a unique urban tea culture. Since 1994, Shanghai has held four consecutive International Tea Culture Festival, showing the characteristics and charm of urban tea culture.
International
Ancient Chinese traditional tea culture combined with the history, culture, economy and humanities of different countries, evolved into British tea culture, Japanese tea culture, Korean tea culture, Russian tea culture and Moroccan tea culture. In Britain, tea drinking has become a part of life, and it is a kind of etiquette for the British to show their gentlemanly style, as well as an indispensable program in the life of the Queen of England and a necessary ritual in major social activities. The Japanese tea ceremony originated from China. The Japanese Tea Ceremony has a strong Japanese national flavor and has formed a unique tea ceremony system, schools and rituals. Koreans believe that tea culture is the root of Korean national culture, May 24 every year for the National Tea Day. Chinese tea culture is the cradle of tea culture. Tea people regardless of borders, races and beliefs, tea culture can be the world's tea people to unite, tea, academic exchanges and economic and trade talks.
Social Functions of Tea Culture
The social functions of tea culture are mainly manifested in the promotion of traditional virtues, display of culture and art, cultivation, cultivation, promotion of national unity, performance of social progress and development of economic and trade, etc. Traditional virtues are accumulated over thousands of years. Traditional virtues are the good morals that have been accumulated over thousands of years and have been respected by people throughout the ages, and are the embodiment of national spirit and social customs. The traditions of tea culture include love for the motherland, selflessness, perseverance, modesty, courtesy, diligence, thrift and mutual respect. Mr. Wu Juanong and Hunan Liu Xian and, for the cause of tea and dedication, both patriotic, but also an outstanding representative of contemporary tea.
Lu Yu "tea scripture" is the crystallization of the ancient tea people diligently study, study hard, searching, indomitable spirit. Tea for guests, tea instead of wine, a cup of tea is also intoxicating. A cup of tea is also intoxicating. is the Chinese people cherish the fruits of labor, diligence and risk of a true reflection. The social functions of tea culture are arranged by the word "tea". Tea to think of the source, tea hospitality, tea friends, tea fellowship, tea integrity, tea education, tea instead of alcohol, tea fitness, tea into poetry, tea into the arts, tea into the painting, tea dance, tea song, tea Xingwen, tea as a gift, tea agriculture, tea trade and tea to get rich. Tea is the pride of China, national self-esteem, self-confidence and pride. Drinking tea can think of the source. Dr. Joseph Lee, the world-renowned historian of science and technology, regarded Chinese tea as the fifth major contribution to mankind after the four great Chinese inventions (gunpowder, papermaking, compass and printing). Lu Yu of the Tang Dynasty The Book of Tea is the first tea book in the world. The influence of Chinese tea culture on the world is remarkable. Tea to meet friends is one of the most extensive social functions of tea culture. Today's market economy is characterized by fierce competition, survival of the fittest, and profit and efficiency. However, human feelings are cold and interpersonal relations tend to be indifferent. Through the teahouse, teahouse tea or tea ceremony, friends get together, exchange information, exchange feelings, enhance understanding, communication and friendship. Friends get together in old-fashioned teahouses, casually joking, reminiscing about life, and re-enjoying the joys of life. In ancient times there? Cold night guests tea as wine? Said, tea instead of wine to reflect the traditional virtues, in line with today's central advocate of frugality and curb extravagance and wasteful behavior of the provisions of the requirements. Tea to educate people is a new period of tea culture has bred a new social function. Shanghai children's tea through their own hands, learning the science of tea, to promote the traditional culture, accept the education of patriotism. In the tea ceremony, it shows respect for elders, filial piety to parents, and respect for classmates.
The role of tea culture in modern society
Modern society relies on high technology and information to create more social wealth, material wealth will be more and more, life will be more affluent. In the process of industrialization in some East Asian countries, while absorbing the excellent science and technology and craftsmanship of the West, the decadent cultural values, customs and habits of the West have also eroded into the society, giving rise to a moral crisis, money worship and extreme individualism. The experience of social development shows that modernization is not the only goal, but that a modernized society needs a spiritual civilization that is compatible with it, and needs to explore the spiritual resources of excellent traditional culture. Tea culture, with its historical, epochal cultural and rational factors, has played and is playing its own positive role in modern society. Tea culture is an elegant culture, which social celebrities and well-known people are happy to participate in. Tea culture is also a popular culture, widely participated by the public. Tea culture covers the whole population and affects the whole society.
Tea culture on the role of modern society in five aspects:
First, the tea culture is centered on virtue, attaching importance to the value of the human group, advocating selfless dedication, and oppose to see the benefits of forgetting the righteousness and profit-oriented. Advocating righteousness over profit, focusing on the coordination of mutual relations between people, advocating respect for others, and attaching importance to the cultivation of virtue, which is conducive to the balance of human mentality, to solve the spiritual confusion of modern people, and to improve the quality of human culture;
Secondly, the tea culture is a good friend to cope with the challenges of life. In the fierce social competition, market competition, intense work, socializing, complex ` interpersonal relations, and all kinds of dependence on people's body pressure is not light. Participation in tea culture, can make the spirit and body and mind to relax a bit to cope with the challenges of life, Hong Kong teahouse of this role is very significant;
Third, is conducive to the construction of community civilization . The economy has gone up, but the culture can not lag behind, the social atmosphere can not be dirty, morality can not be degraded and ugly. The spread of tea culture after the reform and opening up shows that tea culture has the effect of changing social improper consumption activities, creating spiritual civilization, and promoting social progress;
Fourthly, it is obvious that it improves people's quality of life and enriches their cultural life. Zhabei District, Shanghai, held four consecutive International Tea Culture Festival, expanding the Zhabei District internal and external visibility, Zhabei District, four sets of team unanimously decided that the Tea Culture Festival should be held, and investment in Zhabei Park to build tea culture attractions, with a view to building a Tea Culture Grand View Garden.
Frequent exchanges of international tea culture, so that the tea culture across borders, the world has become a human civilization *** with the spiritual wealth.
Description of Tea Types
1. Green Tea: Tea is unfermented tea, that is, the fresh leaves are spread out and dried and then directly into the one or two hundred degrees of hot pan frying to maintain its green characteristics.
The main colors are: Xihu Longjing tea, Rizhao green tea, snow green tea, Biluochun tea, Huangshan Maofeng tea, Lushan Yunwu, Liu'an Gua Pian, Mengding tea, Taiping Monkey Kui tea, Guzhu purple bamboo shoots tea, Xinyang Maojian tea, bamboo leaf green, Duyun Maojian, Pingshuizhu tea, Xishan tea, Yandang Maofeng tea, Huadingsunwu tea, Yongxi Huoqing tea, Jingting Green Snow Tea, Emei Erui tea, Duyun Maojian tea, Enshi Yu Lu tea, Wuyuan Mingmei tea, Wuyuan Mingmei tea. Wuyuan Mingmei tea, rain tea, Moganshan yellow bud tea, Wushan Gaimi tea, Putuo Buddha tea, Xinong Mao Jian.
2. black tea: black tea and green tea is the opposite, is a fully fermented tea (fermentation degree greater than 80%). The name of black tea comes from the red color of its soup.
The main colors are: Keemun black tea, Dian Hong, Yingde black tea, Zhengshan Xiaojiao red tea and so on.
3. black tea: black tea was mainly sold to the border areas, like Yunnan Pu'er tea is one of them. Pu-erh tea is divided into two kinds of "one is the traditional Pu-erh tea is also known as raw tea", is unique to Yunnan's large-leafed species of sun-dried green tea, by steam drying a certain period of time to store the formation of the characteristics of the tea. The other type of tea, modern Pu-erh tea, or ripe tea, is formed through solid-state fermentation by microorganisms in damp water. Pu-erh tea is popular in Southeast Asia and Japan for its lipid-lowering, weight-loss and blood pressure-lowering effects. However, if you really want to talk about weight loss, the most significant effect is still oolong tea.
4. Oolong tea: Oolong tea, also known as green tea, is a class of semi-fermented tea between black and green tea. Oolong tea is the most complex and time-consuming process among the six types of tea, and the brewing method is also the most elaborate, so drinking oolong tea is also known as drinking Gongfu tea.
The main colors are: Wuyi Rock Tea, Anxi Tieguanyin, Phoenix Monoceros, Frozen Top Oolong Tea and so on.
5. yellow tea: the famous Junshan silver needle tea belongs to the yellow tea, yellow tea production method is a bit like green tea, but in the middle of the need to smother the yellow process.
The main colors are: Junshan Silver Needle, Weishan Mao Jian, Huoshan Yellow Buds, Huoshan Huang Da Cha, etc.
6.
6. white tea: white tea is mainly made by withering and drying. White tea is very good in appearance, aroma and flavor.
The main flower colors are: white silver needle, white peony .
Combining the above common classifications, Chinese tea can be divided into two major categories: basic tea and reprocessed tea:
Basic tea
Green tea? China's largest production of a class of tea, its color varieties of the world's first. Green tea has a high aroma, flavor, beautiful shape, resistant to brewing and other characteristics. Its production process are after the process of greening a kneading and drying. Due to the different methods of drying during processing, green tea can be divided into fried green tea (Longjing), baked green tea (Huangshan Maofeng), steamed green tea (Enshi Yulu) and sunshine clear green tea (Dian green).
Green tea is China's largest production of a class of tea, the country's 18 tea-producing provinces (regions) are producing green tea. China's green tea color varieties of the world's first, tens of thousands of tons of exports each year, accounting for about 70% of the world tea market green tea trade. China's traditional green tea - eyebrow tea and pearl tea, to the high aroma, flavor, shape, beautiful, resistant to brewing, and popular with consumers at home and abroad.
Black tea? The difference between black tea and green tea is that the processing methods are different. Black tea processing without killing, and withering, so that the fresh leaves lose some of the water, and then kneaded (kneaded into a strip or cut into particles), and then fermentation, so that the polyphenols contained in the oxidation of tea, into red compounds. This compound is partly soluble in water and partly insoluble in water, and accumulates in the leaves, thus forming red soup and red leaves. Black tea mainly has a small species of black tea (Zhengshan Xiaojiao), Gongfu black tea (Qi Hong) and black tea (Lipton black tea) three categories.
Green tea (Oolong tea)? Is a semi-fermented tea, that is, the production of appropriate fermentation, so that the leaves are slightly red, is between green tea and black tea between a type of tea. It has the freshness of green tea and the richness of black tea. Because of its leaves in the middle of the green, the edge of the leaf is red, so there are? Green leaves with red edges? The name.
White tea? is a specialty of China. It is processed without frying and kneading, only the tender, leaf back full of hairy tea leaves dried in the sun or drying with the fire, so that the white hairs remain intact. White tea is mainly produced in Fujian's Fuding, Zhenghe, Songxi and Jianyang counties, and is available in the form of? Silver Needle White tea is mainly produced in Fuding, Zhenghe, Songxi and Jianyang counties in Fujian. White Peony White tea is mainly produced in the counties of Fuding, Zhenghe, Songxi and Jianyang. Tribute Eyebrows White Peony? Shou Mei? There are several kinds of tea.
Yellow tea? In the process of tea production, after the smothering pile of yellow, thus forming yellow leaves, yellow soup. Sub? Yellow bud tea? (including Hunan Dongting Lake Junshan silver buds, Ya'an, Sichuan, Mingshan County, Mengding yellow buds, Anhui Huoshan Huo Nei buds),? Yellow small tea? (including Hunan Yueyang Beigang in, Hunan Ningxiang Weishan Maojian, Zhejiang Pingyang Pingyang Huangtang, Hubei Yuanan Luyuan),? Yellow tea? (including the Guangdong big leaf green, Anhui Huoshan yellow tea) three categories.
Black tea? Raw material coarse old, processing pile fermentation time is longer, so that the leaf color is dark brown. Is Tibet, Mongolia, Uygur and other fraternal peoples indispensable daily necessities. There are? Hunan black tea? Hunan Black Tea, Hubei Old Green Tea, and Hunan Black Tea. Hubei Old Green Tea Guangxi Liu Bao Tea Guangxi Liu Bao tea Guangxi Liu Bao Tea, Sichuan Liu Bao Tea, and Sichuan Liu Bao Tea. West Roadside Tea South Roadside Tea Yunnan? Tight tea The tea of the south of Yunnan. Cake tea? The tea of the South China Sea. Square Tea and? Round tea and other varieties.
Reprocessed Tea
A variety of gross tea or refined tea reprocessed into the so-called re-processed tea, including flower tea, pressed tea, liquid tea, instant tea and medicinal tea.
Medicinal tea? Drugs and tea pairing, made of medicinal tea, in order to play and strengthen the efficacy of the drug, conducive to the dissolution of the drug, to increase the aroma, and harmonize the taste of medicine. There are many types of this tea, such as? Afternoon tea? ,? Ginger tea? and? Yishou Tea? Ginger Tea Weight Loss Tea etc.
Flower tea? This is a relatively rare variety of tea color. It is a product that increases the aroma of tea with the fragrance of flowers, which is very popular in China. It is usually made of green tea as tea blanks, and a few are also made of black tea or oolong tea as tea blanks. It is based on the characteristics of the tea leaves easily adsorbed odor, with fragrant flowers to celling material processing and become. The flower varieties used are jasmine, osmanthus, orchids and several other species, with jasmine the most.
From the world, in the above categories of tea, the largest number of black tea, followed by green tea, the least is white tea.