Tang Pak Fu, people will be more folklore and movie and television works in the interpretation of the image: talented, suave, romantic and extraordinary. In particular, the story of his "three laughs pointing at the autumn incense" is a household name and has become a popular story in the city.
History of Tong Pak Fu is really such a "suave genius"? Because of the beautiful Qiu Xiang looked back "a smile", he sold himself as a boy, "point" Qiu Xiang? This is really an interesting topic.
While Tong Pak Fu's poems, books and paintings are known as the "Three Greats", it is the story of his "pointing" that is best known to future generations.
According to the famous modern scholar Zhao Jing Shen in the "evolution of the marriage of three smiles" in the test, the story originated in the Yuan dynasty opera and Ming notes, in which the Wang Tong rail "ear talk" account, and "Tang Pak Fu points to the" plot basically coincides with the "Tang Pak Fu, but the protagonist is not Tang Pak Fu.
The main idea is that Chen Yuanchao, a scholar from Suzhou, was a licentious and uninhibited person. Once, he and his friends visited Tiger Hill and met Chou-heung, who smiled brightly at Mr. Chen. When he found out about Chou-heung, he disguised himself and went to the official's house to be the scholar's companion. Soon, Chen Yuanchao felt that the time had come, for he realized that the eunuch could no longer leave him, and lied that he wanted to go home to look for a daughter to marry. The master said, "There are so many maidservants in the house, you can pick any one you want. So Duke Chen ordered Qiu Xiang as he wished.
Tang Pak Fu also has a story that is only "a laugh", which is found in Zhu Jimei's notebooks, "Listening to Ran under Tong". The general idea is that: China's bachelor Hongshan mooring boat Wumen, see the neighboring boat, a person drinking, Kotou, when the beat curses, asked, it turned out to be Tong Pak Fu. Chinese Bachelor of solemn clothing over the visit, Zi Fear Kotou relative, talk about banter very well, drinking and drunk, "when the time to talk and laugh, the Chinese family small Ji peep through the curtain and laugh. Zi Fear made a "delicate girl chapter" to Hongshan, Hongshan made "in the wine song" to answer.
Only a smile through the curtain, but also poetry, wine, but no marriage.
Later, books such as Banana Window Miscellany and Jinglin Miscellany made it a story with a beginning and an end, and Tang Bohu began to sell himself into slavery and woo Qiuxiang. By the end of the Ming Dynasty, novelist Feng Menglong's "The Marriage of Tang Xieyuan's Smile", the story of "Pointing Qiuxiang" was basically finalized.
So, in history there is no such person as Qiu Xiang? There is. According to modern scholars, Meng Sen testified: Qiu Xiang surname Lin, name Nuer, also known as Jinlan, Qiu Xiang is her stage name. She was born in the official family, since childhood, smart, familiar with poetry and books, and love of painting and calligraphy, due to the death of his parents, fell to Jinling as a prostitute.
QiuXiang beauty and intelligence, piano, chess, calligraphy, painting all proficiency, so in the sound and color in the field of the crown a moment. Qiu Xiang was indeed ordered, but certainly not Tong Pak Fu, because according to Mr. Meng's testimony, Qiu Xiang is twenty years older than Tong Pak Fu. Moreover, Chou-heung was a very young man, and some of her old friends wanted to reminisce with her, but she drew a willow on a fan and wrote a poem to decline:
In the past, the Zhangtai danced on a thin waist, and let the king climbed and broke the tender branches.
Today, it's written in a painting, and it's not allowed to be shaken again by the east wind.
See, even if Tong Pak Fu may meet with Qiu Xiang, there will be no chance of love. On the contrary, Zhu Zhishan did not know on what occasion to see Qiu Xiang fan, for her inscription of a song:
Shaking jade shaking gold small fan figure, five clouds of the pavilion of the female immortal residence.
Between the lines, I have seen the word Qiuxiang, and I know that it is the Xue school book in Chengdu.
Comparing Qiu Xiang to Xue Tao, it is clear that she was also a "woman of talent". Her paintings were very famous at that time. According to the Ming Painting History, "Qiu Xiang learned painting from Shi Tingzhi and Wang Yuanfu, and her brush was the most clear and moist."
The Jinling Trivia also recorded that Qiu Xiang had learned painting from Shen Zhou. Shen Zhou was a famous painter in the Ming Dynasty and the painting teacher of Tang Pak Fu's and Wen Zhengming's. He wrote in "Linjiang Xian - Inscription on Landscape Painting of Lin Nu'er (i.e. Qiu Xiang)", "Dancing rhymes and singing are folded up, leaving behind the fame of Danqing." It can be seen that, after Qiu Xiang came out of the scene, she was famous for her paintings at that time.
As for that Hua Taishi, there is also something. He was Hua Cha, a native of Wuxi. According to the Ming History, his character Zi Qian, No. Hongshan, born in 1497 A.D., died in 1574, Jiajing five years (1526), two A thirteen jinshi. He was twenty-seven years younger than Tang Pak Fu. Tang Pak Fu had already died three years before he was awarded his bachelor's degree. By the time he paid his respects as a university scholar and joined the cabinet, and later retired to his hometown, Tang Pak Fu's coffin had long since decayed.
Not a "flamboyant scholar"
The second case against Tang Pak Fu is whether he called himself "the first flamboyant scholar in the south of the Yangtze River".
This is from the Ming Yan Xiuqing's "Wu County, the second branch of the Zhi". The book records: Tang Yin into the Beijing examination after the injustice began to roam the countryside, once said with vigor: "'Although the great man is not famous, to be generous, why is the effect of the Chu prisoners? Because the picture of its stone said: 'Jiangnan the first wind flow talent'."
Tang Pak Fu called himself "Jiangnan the first literary talent" said, many people raised objections. The reasons are:
First, the romantic stories about Tang Pak Fu's flirtations are basically fictional. For example, we have already discussed the topic of Qiu Xiang, Qiu Xiang is twenty years older than Tong Pak Fu, Hua Taishi is twenty-seven years younger than Tong Pak Fu, this is a "Qiao Taishou chaotic lovebirds" story, and has nothing to do with the real life of Tong Pak Fu. Another example, his third wife named Shen Jiuniang, ancient women often take the name of "a mother", angrily sunk the treasure chest of "Du Shuniang", Zhao Kuangyin thousands of miles to send "Zhao Jingniang". Shen Jiuniang is likely to be the ninth child of her parents, but the good people are attached to her as the ninth wife of Tong Pak Fu, so there is a "nine beauty" said. A husband "nine beauty", can not be a flirt?
Second, although Yan Xiuqing for the Ming Dynasty, but the historical data did not find that he had any interaction with Tong Pak Fu. Therefore, his account of Tong Pak Fu does not have much reliability. Moreover, from the existing "Jiangnan the first style of talent" seal, white on a vermilion background, about five point five centimeters square, compared with Tang Pak Fu painting, seal, it seems too large. Especially in the seal side of both "peach blossom anmaster belonging to rongqing engraved" words, but also Wen zhengming's "title six such as jushi poem" four, and the qing dynasty jinshi wang qi shu, painters chao lin, xi tang and other praise, inscription, there is a suspicion of trickery, is obviously a folk The four songs are also praised and inscribed by Wang Qishu, a jinshi writer and painter in the Qing Dynasty.
Third, Tang Pak Fu is a man of nature, although cynical, bullying, but never hurt friends. If he called himself "Jiangnan the first literary genius", that will put the same "Jiangnan four geniuses" Zhu Zhishan, Wen Zhengming and others to what? Especially Zhu Zhishan, ten years older than Tang Bohu, his talent is not below Tang Bohu, and his flirtatiousness is even more bizarre than that. More importantly, Tang Pak Fu several times depressed, Zhu Zhishan, Wen Zhengming are his spiritual pillar, so that he rose in the sinking; Tang Pak Fu economic constraints, Zhu Zhishan, Wen Zhengming have given him selfless assistance. Standing in front of such kind and loving friends, he can, he dared to call himself "the first Jiangnan scholar"?
Fourth, the most satisfactory period of Tang Pak Fu's life is only a few years after he was sixteen years old in high school. At that time he was still small, parents in the hall, the couple love, fame has not yet been achieved, neither dare to high standards of pride, but also can not wind and moon. Twenty-five years old, his father, mother, wife, children, sister died one after another, he was depressed; twenty-nine years old, "autumn exam" in the first year is the peak of his life, but the days are short, one after another to rushed to Beijing to participate in the spring of tomorrow's test, is really no time to flirt. And once after the examination, that was searched and imprisoned. After being released from prison, the career is cut off, disgraced, his wife out of the hall, the family is cold, only to sell paintings for a living, miserable business, gradually into a difficult situation, the poem can no longer see the paper full of clouds, can no longer see the idea of dashing, more than the "sad boss", "sick and drunken body", "sac no money" and so on, there are sentimental language, there are disillusioned language, there are words of warning, there are self-consolation language, there are words of openness, but there is absolutely no self-pride language. Especially late in the bleak, poor and sick, the poem said:
Ten Chao wind and rain if the coma, eight wives and offspring and sue for starvation.
Believe is the old sky really play me, no one to buy fan head poem.