1. Diaochan Worships the Moon
Diaochan was the songstress of Wang Yun, a minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and was a woman of great beauty. Seeing that the Eastern Han Dynasty was being manipulated by the traitor Dong Zhuo, she burned incense and prayed to the heavens under the moon, wishing to worry about her master. Seeing that Dong Zhuo was going to usurp the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wang Yun set up a chain plan. Wang Yun first promised Diaochan to Lu Bu secretly, and then offered Diaochan to Dong Zhuo openly. Lv Bu was a young hero, but Dong Zhuo was a cunning and cunning man. In order to attract Lv Bu, Dong Zhuo took Lv Bu as his son. Both of them were lustful men. From then on, Diao Chan circled between them, sending Lv Bu a fall wave, and rewarding Dong Zhuo with a flirtation. The two of them were so excited that they fell in love with each other.
Lv Bu was upset when Dong Zhuo accepted Diao Chan as his concubine. One day, Lu Bu took Dong Zhuo to the court, into Dong Zhuo House to visit Diaochan, and invited Feng Yi Pavilion meeting, Diaochan see Lu Bu, pretending to cry by Dong Zhuo domination of the pain, Lu Bu anger. When Dong Zhuo came back to the house, he was so angry that he snatched Lv Bu's halberd and stabbed Lv Bu, and Lv Bu escaped. Since then, the two of them were jealous of each other, and Wang Yun persuaded Lv Bu to eliminate Dong Zhuo.
The Peking Opera has "Feng Yi Ting" which is the narrative of this story.
2, Zhaojun out of the plug
When Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, the Xiong Nu aristocrats competed for power, and their power was declining, the five monarchs were separated, and they attacked each other ceaselessly. One of them, Hu Hanxie, was defeated by his brother, Zhi (郅支). Determined to make peace with the Han Dynasty, Hohanxie went to see Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty in person.
Hu Hanxie was the first monarch to come to Zhongyuan, and Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty went to the outskirts of Chang'an to meet him and held a grand banquet for him. Hu Hanxie stayed in Chang'an for more than a month. He asked Emperor Xuan of Han to help him go back. Emperor Xuan of Han agreed and sent two generals with 10,000 cavalry to escort him to the south of the desert. At this time, Xiongnu was short of grain, and the Han Dynasty also sent 34,000 ducats of grain.
Hu Hanxie Shan Yu was very grateful and was determined to make peace with the Han Dynasty. When the countries in the western region heard that Xiong Nu had made peace with the Han Dynasty, they all scrambled to deal with the Han Dynasty as well. After the death of Emperor Xuan of Han Dynasty, his son Liu (刘)(音shi) assumed the throne and became Emperor Yuan of Han Dynasty. Xiong Nu's Shan Yu (""shi "单于) invaded the western countries and killed the envoys sent by the Han Dynasty. The Han Dynasty sent troops to Kangju and killed Zhi Zhi Shan Yu. With the death of Zhi Zhi Shan Yu, the position of Hu Han Xi Shan Yu was stabilized. In 33 B.C., Hohanxie Shan Yu once again went to Chang'an and asked for peace. Emperor Yuan granted it. When the Han Dynasty made peace with Xiong Nu, they had to pick a princess or a daughter of the royal family. This time, Emperor Yuan of Han decided to pick a courtesan for him, and he instructed his men to go to the harem and spread the word: "Whoever is willing to go to Xiongnu, the Emperor will treat her as a princess." The palace maids in the harem were all chosen from the people, and once they were in the palace, they were like birds in a cage, all of them looking forward to the day when they would be released from the palace. But when they heard that they would have to leave their country to go to Xiong Nu, they were not happy about it. There was a court lady named Wang Qiang (王嫱), Zhao Jun (昭君), who was beautiful and insightful. She volunteered to go to Xiong Nu to make peace. Emperor Yuan chose a date for Hohanxie Danyu and Wang Zhaojun to get married in Chang'an. When Hohanxie Danyu and Wang Zhaojun gave thanks to Emperor Yuan of Han, Emperor Yuan of Han saw that Zhaojun was beautiful and generous, which made the Han Palace colorful.
Legend has it that when Emperor Yuan returned to his inner palace, the more he thought about it, the more chagrined he became. He then asked someone to take out Zhaojun's image from the palace maid's portrait to look at it. Although the mold is a bit like, but not at all as lovely as Zhaojun herself. It turns out that after the courtesan into the palace, generally are not to see the emperor, but by the painter painted like, sent to the emperor to wait for the selection. There is a painter named Mao Yanshou, to the courtesan portrait of the courtesan, the courtesans send some gifts to him, he painted a little more beautiful. Wang Zhaojun didn't want to give gifts, so Mao Yanshou didn't paint Wang Zhaojun's beauty truthfully. Emperor Yuan of Han was furious and killed Mao Yanshou.
Wang Zhaojun left Chang'an, escorted by Han and Xiong Nu officials. She rode a horse and braved the biting winds to travel thousands of miles to Xiongnu, where she became the Xiongnu of Hu Hanxie Shan Yu. Appointed "Ning Hu Xiongnu" in the hope that she would bring tranquility and peace to Xiongnu, Zhaojun settled in Xiongnu for a long time, far away from her hometown. She advised Huanxie Shan Yu not to go to war, and also passed on the culture of the Central Plains to the Xiongnu. After this, the Xiongnu and the Han Dynasty lived in harmony and there was no war for more than sixty years. What is remarkable is that after the death of Hohanxie Shan Yu, she remarried to the eldest son of Hohanxie Shan Yu's chief Xiongnu, which contradicted the ethical concepts of the Central Plains, but she cherished the friendship between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu in the light of the overall situation. Wang Zhaojun gave birth to one boy and two girls in Xiongnu. The year and place of Zhaojun's death are not recorded in the history books.
3. Drunkenness of the Noble Concubine
719～756, a native of Yongle, Puzhou in the Tang Dynasty (a native of Huayin County, Shaanxi Province). She knew music and rhythm, and could sing and dance well. Initially for the Tang Xuanzong's 18th son Shou Wang's consort, Tang Xuanzong see Yang Yuhuan's posture, want to incorporate into the palace, with a female Taoist priest, the name of Taizhen. Tianbao four years (745) into the palace, won the Tang Xuanzong favor, was appointed as a noble consort, (when Xuanzong years 61, noble consort years 27) father and brother were thus able to power over the world. Every time you take the horse, there is a big eunuch Gao Lishi personally whip, your concubine embroidery workers have seven hundred people, and even more competition for the offering of curiosities. Lingnan Secretary Zhang Jiuzhang, Guangling Secretary Wang Yi, because of the exquisite offerings, both were promoted. So, the hundred officials actually follow suit. Yang Guifei favorite Lingnan lychee, there are people trying to hurry to transport fresh lychee to Changan.
After the An Shi Rebellion, Emperor Xuanzong fled from Chang'an and arrived at Mawei Slope, where six troops refused to move forward, saying that it was because Yang Guozhong (cousin of the Princess Yang) had passed to the Hu people, which led to the An Lushan rebellion, and Emperor Xuanzong, in order to calm the army, was killed Yang Guozhong. The six armies refused to move forward, saying that Yang Guozhong was the cousin of Yang Guifei, and that if the cousin was guilty, the cousin could not be spared, and that Guifei was hanged at the Road Ancestral Shrine. The Anshi Rebellion had nothing to do with Yang Guifei, and she became the scapegoat of Emperor Tang Xuanzong.
4, Xi Shi rambled
Xi Shi, the name of Yiguang, the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period was born in Zhejiang Zhuji ramie village. She was born with a beautiful face. At that time, the state of Yue was subjected to the state of Wu, and King Goujian of Yue was trying to restore his state. In the midst of the national crisis, Xi Shi took the humiliation and sacrificed her life for her country. Together with Zheng Dan, Xi Shi was offered by King Goujian of Yue to King Fu-chai of Wu, and became the king's most favored concubine. The king of Wu was so bewildered that he was distracted from the affairs of the country, which served as a cover for Goujian's resurgence. She showed the noble ideology of a patriotic woman. Later, Wu was finally destroyed by Goujian. Legend has it that after Wu was destroyed, she and Fan Li went boating on the five lakes, not knowing where they ended up. They have been missed by the future generations. Xi Shi, together with Yang Guifei, Wang Zhaojun and Diaochan, were the Four Beauties of Ancient China, of which Xi Shi was the first, the embodiment of beauty and a name.
The story of the four great beauties and the Sinking Fish, Falling Wild Goose, Closed Moon and Shy Flower:
1. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was a woman named Xi Shi in Yue, a woman who was a cooner, with decent features and a peach blossom pink face, and she was too good-looking. She was in the river when she coated, the clear river water reflecting her handsome figure, make him look more beautiful, then, the fish saw her reflection, forget to swim, gradually sink to the bottom of the river. From then on, Xishi, the pronoun of "Sinking Fish", spread in the neighborhood.
2. During the reign of Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty, the north and south were at war and the border was not quiet. In order to appease the northern Xiongnu, Emperor Yuan of Han chose Zhaojun to form a marriage bond with Shan Yu to ensure that the two countries would be at peace forever. In a high autumn day, Zhaojun said goodbye to her homeland, embarked on a journey to the north. Along the way, the horse neighs and the geese chirp, tearing her heart and liver; the feeling of sadness, so that her mind is difficult to calm. She was on top of her horse, plucking the strings of the zither, playing a sad parting song. The geese flying south heard the pleasant sound of the zither, and saw this beautiful woman on the horse, forgot to swing their wings and fell to the ground. From then on, Zhaojun got "falling geese" pronoun.
3. During the Three Kingdoms period, Diao Chan, the courtesan of Wang Yun, a minister of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, was worshiping the moon in the back garden, when suddenly a light wind blew and a piece of floating cloud covered the bright moon. It was just when Wang Yun saw it. In order to publicize how beautiful his daughter was, Wang Yun said, "My daughter is more beautiful than the moon, and the moon can't compete with her, so she hid behind the cloud, so Diao Chan was also called "the closed moon".
4. During the reign of the Tang Dynasty, there was a beautiful daughter named Yang Yuhuan, who was chosen to come to the palace. After entering the palace, Yang Yuhuan missed her hometown. One day, she went to the garden to enjoy the flowers and take a break, and saw the blooming peonies and moonshine ...... Thinking that she was locked up in the palace and wasted her youth, she sighed and said to the blooming flowers, "Flower, flower! You still have time to bloom year after year, but when will I have a chance to get ahead?" With tears in her voice, she touched the flower. The petals immediately shrank and the green leaves curled up and lowered. What she touched was a mimosa. At that moment, a palace eunuch saw her. Palace e said everywhere, Yang Yuhuan and flowers than the beauty of the flowers, flowers are shy and lowered their heads. The title of "Shy Flower" came to her.
Ancient "Four Beauties": Xi Shi, Diao Zen, Wang Zhaojun, Yang Guifei
Wang Zhaojun?
"Mountains and ravines to the Jingmen, growth of Mingfei still have a village. The first time I went to the purple platform even the desert, and left the green mound to the dusk. The painting of the province to recognize the face of the spring breeze, the ring? The moon and the night are empty. The pipa has been used for speaking in Chinese for thousands of years, and it is clear that there is a song of resentment in the song." (Du Fu's "Ancient Monuments of Winged Memories") Zhaojun and Fan is also a well-known story in the family. Over the past 2,000 years, after many opera singers, novelists and poets, this story has become a poignant and confusing one, with multiple faces and far-flung meanings.
The tragedy of Zhaojun was blamed on the painter Mao Yanshou, the originator of the novel Xijing Miscellany of the Jin Dynasty: ?
The Yuan Emperor's harem was too numerous to be common, so he made the painter graphic, and called him according to the graph. The palace people all bribe painters, as many as 100,000, the lesser is not less than 50,000, only Wang Qiang refused to, so not to see. Xiong Nu into the dynasty, seeking beauty for the Xiongnu, so on the case map to Zhaojun line. And go to summon, appearance for the first harem, good response, behavior leisurely elegant. Emperor regret, and the name has been determined, the emperor heavy faith in foreign countries, so no more people. Is poor according to the matter, the painters are abandoned, the registration of their family capital are huge. Painters have Duling Mao Yanshou, for the human form, ugly good old and young must get its true ...... The same day abandoned the city." ?
In a variety of legends, it is also said that before the marriage of Mao Yanshou bribery trap things have been exposed, Mao fear of crime fled into the Xiong Nu, offering Zhaojun portrait, monarch leaning on the situation to Hanjun strong Zhaojun, the Yuan Emperor was forced to give up the pain, Zhaojun sent out of the plug. Zhaojun's end, some say that its grief and sorrow, depression and death, but also said that its in the death of Hohanxie Shan Yu do not want to remarry drink medicine to kill themselves. After the Song Dynasty, chastity was emphasized, and the Autumn in the Han Palace had her throw herself into the river at the Han-Fan border. Modern people have abandoned the narrow national consciousness, but from the perspective of promoting national unity to understand the story, Wang Zhaojun and Princess Wencheng, are the same as the Chinese nation's history of remarkable women, Mr. Cao Yu's famous play "Wang Zhaojun," is from this perspective to the intention.
Ancient poets have also interpreted Zhaojun's tragedy from different angles. In the 64th chapter of Dream of Red Mansions, Xue Baochai said, "No matter what the topic of the poem is, as long as you are good at turning over the meaning of the ancients. ...... That is, as the former people of Zhaojun's poem is very much, there are sad to save Zhaojun, there are resentful of Yan Shou's, and ridiculed the Han Emperor can not make the painter look like a wise minister and painting beauty, have different. Later on, Wang Jinggong wrote, 'The painting was not possible, and Mao Yanshou was killed in vain', and Yongshu wrote, 'What I see with my eyes and ears is still like this, and I will not be able to control the barbarians for thousands of miles'. The two poems are each of their own views, not to attack the predecessor."
What is the real face of Wang Zhaojun?
Fan Ye's "Book of the Later Han" has the following record: ?
Wang Zhaojun's character, female court lady, was a native of Nanxian County. At the beginning, when Emperor Yuan, a good family selected into the court. When Hohanzhi came to the court, the Emperor gave five court ladies to her. Zhaojun had been in the palace for several years, but she was not allowed to see the emperor, so she accumulated grief and resentment, and then she asked the emperor to ask the court for permission to visit her. Hohanxie before resigning from the General Assembly, the emperor called the five women to show. Zhaojun beautiful decorations, bright Han Palace, Gu Jing Pei Hui, horrified around. The emperor saw great surprise, want to stay, but difficult to lose faith, so with the Xiongnu. ("South Xiongnu biography")?
Zhaojun for the South County, Zigui people, and the great poet Qu Yuan, the same mile, she came from the "good family", for the origin of the innocent commoners, not the governor or the royal historian and other luxury. After entering the palace, she has not been summoned, not yet have rank, just to be imperial court of the ordinary courtesan, she was given to hu Hanzhi monarchs in a confused way when the party shining Han, but this time the emperor regrets it is too late, had to act as promised, the achievement of this beautiful and sad story of the ages, so that the messenger of national unity in the history of the world.After the conquests of Wei Qing and Huo Zaiwei, the power of Xiong Nu declined greatly, Zhaojun and Fan, is the result of the initiative of Hohanxie monarchs to enter the court of the Han Dynasty, and there is no question of coercion. After Zhaojun entered Hu, she was named Ninghu Xiongnu and gave birth to a son named Itu Zhi Ya Shi. The second year after the marriage, hu Hanzhi that passed away, according to the hu people custom, the single big Xiongnu's son of the successor of the compound strain tired single to marry her, Zhaojun asked to return to the homeland, Han Emperor Chengcheng consider the overall situation of the Royal Decree that she learns from the hu custom, so she became the successor single to the Xiongnu. Later, she gave birth to two daughters, one was called Su Bu Ju Ji and the other was called Dang Yu Ju Ji. Ten years later, Zu Lei Shan Yu also died, Zhao Jun's son was killed in the struggle for the throne, and Bu Shu Ju Ji had gone to the Han Palace to wait for the empress dowager during Wang Mang's reign, and died after Wang Mang's defeat. It is not known what year Zhaojun died.
Diaochan
With the widespread dissemination of the story of the Three Kingdoms, Diaochan also became a household name, and the Tang Li Changji's poem "Song of General Lv", which reads, "Scandinavian silver turtles shaking a white horse, and a powdered girl under the banner of a big flag", seems to have the shadow of Diaochan. In modern times, people have also made her one of the "Four Beauties of China", and her popularity seems to be not much lower than the "Three Greats" in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, namely Cao Cao, Guan Yu and Zhuge Liang. However, history in the end there is no Diaochan its person?By the way, the name of Diaochan is not seen in the history. After the Han Book - Lu Bu biography, there is a record: "Zhuo to cloth for the riding lieutenant, sworn as father and son, very love letter. Tasted a little disillusioned, Zhuo pulled the hand halberd thrown, cloth fist Jie was spared, cloth by the Yin grudges in Zhuo. Zhuo and make cloth guard in the cabinet, and privately with the servant girl fornication, more uncontrollable." From this record, you can see the shadow of Diaochan - a concubine of Dong Zhuo, and Dong Zhuo and Lu Bu's grievances, but also because of the woman and cause, "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" "Dong Taishi fussed over the Phoenix Pavilion" story, which is thus born out. Here, the "servant girl" was just a person who was insulted and damaged, and could not talk about any character. Later, through the creation of the people and many artists, this "servant girl" has become a glorious image of the female sable cicada.
There are also scholars who believe that Diaochan is a real person, Liang Zhangjui is a representative. In the "return to the field of Zuoji", he said: "Diaochan thing, hidden according to the "Lu Bu biography", although its name is not seen in the history, and its affairs may not be full of false." And to "small Qixia said tares", he is sure that "is the cicada solid real person".
The story of the Three Heroes began to enter the folklore behind them, and the story of Diaochan was also circulated relatively early. Yuan Dynasty miscellaneous plays in the Diaochan play has formed a series, "Jinyuntang secretly set serials", "seize the halberd", "Guan Gong under the moon to chop the Diaochan" and so on move to perform the story of Diaochan. In the "Jin Yun Tang" play, Diaochan this Xinzhou Ren Ang's daughter, the small word Hongchang, Lingdi when elected to the palace, the palm of the Sable Cicada Crown, so the name "Sable Cicada". Later, the emperor gave her to Ding Jianyang, an assassin of the state of Bingzhou, who gave her to his son Lu Bu. During the Yellow Turban Rebellion, Diaochan was lost to Lu Bu, and was acquired by Wang Yun. Diao Chan later burned incense in the garden and prayed for? Diaochan later burned incense in the garden and prayed to Lu Bu, which was discovered by Wang Yun, and thus a chain of stories was written. In the Song and Yuan histories, Diaochan was also the wife of Lu Bu, who was lost and strayed into Wang Yun's house.
The stories of "White Gate Tower" and "Chopping Diaochan", on the other hand, clearly show the influence of feudal backwardness consciousness. The story of Lu Bu being captured at the White Gate Tower was originally blamed on Lu Bu, but the play wanted to make Diaochan responsible for Lu Bu's failure, and actually had her executed after being scolded. After Lu Bu's defeat, Cao Cao had the ulterior motive of giving Diao Cicada to Liu Bei, and in order not to make the same mistake as Dong Cao and Lu Bu, Guan Yu had her beheaded under the moon. Even Dong Zhuo, Lu Bu's downfall also want Diaochan responsible for, the mind of its winter baked Nai ears! Nearby Zhou Jianyun compiled "on the beheading of the Diaochan" specializing in the identification of its matter:?
"Diaochan can not be blamed for the crime, Lu Bu is also not blame Diaochan of the people ...... The three family slaves, character to Diaochan far more, Diaochan does not scold Lv Bu enough, cloth have what to scold Diaochan? If Guan Gong, familiar with the Spring and Autumn Annals also. Xizi by the hook trample life, ambition in the swamp Wu, and Diao Cicada by the Stuart life, ambition in the death of Zhuo, cloth father and son, the same rut also. Guan Gong does not blame Xishi, but is the moon to chop Diaochan? I dare to say that Guan Gong saint, will not kill the scenery for this thing!" ?Said can be described as painful.?
Since today's view of the "woman's woe" theory is certainly winter baked abominable, "woman to save the country" theory is not enough training. Therefore, the end of the sable cicada in the artistic creation is also a difficult to deal with the problem. Luo Guanzhong certainly write Diaochan glamorous, but after the death of dong Zhuo, he and lv bu "husband and wife", became mediocre, Xiapi fierce battle she and yan's with the rat's eye, dragging lv bu's leg, before and after, just like two people. After Dong Zhuo was executed, the TV series "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" let Diaochan quietly disappear - "Diaochan has gone with the wind", what is the fate of this strange woman? Leave it to the reader's own imagination, which may be a smarter approach?
Xi Shi?
Xi Shi, China's earliest known and most influential of the "Four Beauties". Her reputation, with the Wu-Yue Spring and Autumn, with Goujian lying down, ten years of life, ten years of lessons, finally swamped the Wu vengeance linked together; Wu Zixu loyal to be slandered, Bohui sycophant (pǐ) the death of the country, and the "women's scourge of the water," the creed of the linked together; with the women's service to the country, with the red face of thinning out the life of the woman, with raccoon girl Fan Lang's sad marriage linked together; with the "Xizi cups the heart," and the "Xizi cups the heart," and the "Xizi cups the heart. "Xizi heart", "Dong Shi effect knitting", and "want to compare the West Lake Xizi, light makeup and thick smear is always appropriate" and so on linked together ...... Than other "beauty" to, it is loaded with more historical and cultural load.
The historical authenticity of the story of Xizi in the end how?
The earliest mention of Xi Shi in the pre-Qin sons is in Guan Zi: "Mao Qiang and Xi Shi, the beauties of the world." In Zhuangzi, Xi Shi is mentioned three times. "Xi Shi was sick at heart and knit her brows; when the ugly people in her neighborhood saw her beauty, she also held her heart and knit her brows. When the rich people in the neighborhood saw her, they closed their doors and stayed out; when the poor people saw her, they took their wives and went away." This is the origin of the idiom of "Dongshi effecting the knitting of the brows". In Mencius, there is also the saying "If Xizimeng is unclean, people will cover their noses and pass by". Han Fei Zi" also cloud: "good hair, Xi Shi's beauty, not beneficial to my face; with fat and powder, then times its first." It seems, Xi Shi is indeed a pre-Qin era of a very high visibility of the beauty, however, with the later legend is different: she did not have a relationship with the political and military struggle for supremacy of Wu, Yue, and, Guanzhong than the Goujian Wu more than two hundred years ago.
The pre-Qin histories of Zuozhuan and Guoyu (The Language of Nations) all mention Goujian's offering of a beautiful woman to the king of Wu, but they do not mention Xi Shi's person. The same is true of the Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian) of the Western Han Dynasty. In Jia Yi's New Book, Liu Xiang's Saying Yuan, Lu Jia's New Words and the Huainanzi, Xi Shi also appears only as a beautiful woman.
Only in Mozi (墨子-亲士), it is mentioned that Xishi was sunk in the river because she was too beautiful, which means that she was "too beautiful to be guarded".
The earliest link between Xi Shi and the rivalry between Wu and Yue was made in the Eastern Han Dynasty by two wild histories, Wu Yue Chun Qiu (Spring and Autumn Annals of Wu and Yue) and Yue Jie Shu (The Book of Yue).
In Wu Yue Chun Qiu (Spring and Autumn Annals of Wu and Yue), Wen Zu offered the king of Yue nine techniques to break Wu, the fourth of which was to "leave a beautiful woman to confuse his heart and mess up his plans", and Gou Juan "made the phase of the country, the Ramie Mountain, a woman who sold the payroll said Xishi, Zheng Dan, decorated with Rou Gau (hú), taught to step, practiced in the earth city, in front of the capital of the alley, three years to learn to dress and offer to Wu. Learning to dress and offer to Wu." The accounts in the Yue Jie Shu are more or less the same, but the end of Xi Shi was very different. According to the former, after the death of Wu, the Yue people thought that this beauty was a scourge that could not be retained, and sank her in the river as a tribute to Wu Zixu, the scops owl killed by the king of Wu, which was a cruel tragedy. The latter made her partner with Fan Li and went away on the Five Lakes, which ended in a comedy. All the stories and legends about Xi Shi in later times are mostly derived from this.
After the Wei and Jin dynasties, the story of Xi Shi entered a stage of brewing, fermentation and embellishment under the pen of literati and in the mouth of the public, which was reflected in the novels of Zhiqi and Gleanings. Tang and Song poems appeared in a large number of Xi Shi as the object of chanting chapters. The theme of the poem, mostly lamenting the thin life of the red face or condemning the woman's scourge, the beauty of the country's demise, but not as much as the poem of Wang Zhaojun more new ideas. For example, Wang Wei's "Xi Shi Wing": "At that time, I was accompanied by a ragged yarn, but I could not return with the car. Holding thanks to the neighbor's son, knitting the brows can be good!" Lin Daiyu in "Dream of the Red Chamber" in the "Five Beauties Chant" also turned this poem: "A generation of dumping the city by the waves of flowers, Wu Gong empty since the memory of children's home. Knit your brows and don't laugh at the East Village women, head white stream side is still raking yarn". In fact, there is not much deep meaning in both of them. Of course, there is no lack of insightful works. For example, in the late Tang Dynasty, Cui Daorong's "Xishi Beach" reads: "Zai 5, 7 hi 〖KG-*3No 5 died in Wu, Xishi is trapped in infamy. Raccoon spring water rush, seems to have an uneven sound." Luo Yin's "Xi Shi": "The rise and fall of the country comes from time to time, why do the people of Wu complain about Xi Shi. If Xishi is able to relieve Wu, who will be the victim of Yue's demise?" They are more prominent.
The re-creation of the story of Xi Shi is most fully realized in the miscellaneous dramas and legends. In the Yuan Dynasty, Guan Hanqing had "Gushu Terrace Fan Li Entered Xi Shi" and Zhao Mingyuan had "Tao Zhu Gong Fan Li Returned to the Lake", but unfortunately, today we can only see these two plays from the Book of Recorded Ghosts, and their contents, we can only speculate on the basis of the repertoire and the relevant commentaries. The masterpiece of Xishi's story is Liang Chenyu's "The Story of Raccoon Sash" from the Ming Dynasty.
The Raccoon Yarn Tale" fully possesses all kinds of information about the struggle between Wu and Yue and the story of Xi Shi, fine differentiation and integration, woven into a 45 out of the theater story to Fan Li and Xi Shi sad and happy through the history of the rise and fall of the two countries of Wu and Yue because of the Xi Shi and Fan Li when they first met a wisp of raccoon gauze as a love object, so the name of the play, "the Raccoon Yarn Tale". Unlike its predecessors, the saga combines the love story of Xi Shi and Fan Li with patriotism, in which love is subordinate to patriotism, starting with the sacrifice of love, and ending with the realization of patriotism in which personal love is also realized. In the third scene, "Welcoming Shi", Fan Li apologizes to Xi Shi, saying, "I am sorry for detaining a foreign country for the sake of my father and ruler's difficulties, and I have betrayed my deep alliance. Xi Shi comforted him by saying, "I am aware of your detention, but the matter of the country is very important, and the matter of in-laws is very small, so I am not going to let the smallness of a daughter go against the expectations of ten thousand people." Later, Fan Li asked Xi Shi to join Wu, Xi Shi expressed her hesitation, and Fan Li advised her again, "If you can go there, the country can be saved, and my body can be preserved, and there will be a time to meet again, which is not known. If you don't, your country will be destroyed, and my body will be destroyed. Even if you are married at that time, you and I will become ghosts in the ditch, and there is no time to seek for a hundred years of happiness."
The story of the Raccoon Sash looks like a love story, but in fact, patriotism is the main theme of the story.
After "The Story of Raccoon Yarn", a book "The Story of Pouring Yarn" was published, which ended with the story of Fan Li who wanted to sink Xishi into Taihu Lake, and Xishi scolded him for deviating from the oath of the sea and the mountains, while Fan sneered back at her and asked her to be responsible for the king's slaughter of meritorious ministers, his desolation, and the country's destruction. This kind of rehashed article is a bit boring since today's view.
Yang Guifei?
The story of Yang Guifei is a subject that has been fired up in recent years, and the young generation that has been enlightened through the movie and television media is full of stories about Yang Guifei, Cixi and Wu Zetian. Yang, Li story of the initial appearance of how it evolved and how we should recognize today, there is still a lot of work to be done in this regard.
Yang Guifei, small word Yuhuan, Tang Puzhou Yongji (now Shanxi Yongle) people. His father, Yang Xuan Diem, had been the Secretary of Shuzhou, died very early, according to his uncle, Henan Province Shi Cao Yang Xuan Jie. Tang Xuanzong Kaiyuan 3 years, he was elected to the Prince Shou Wang Li Mao residence was registered as Shou Wang Consort. In the 4th year of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong, his favorite concubine Wu Hui Fei died, "the harem of thousands of people, there is no one who is willing to", pleaser revealed to him that his daughter-in-law "posture crown generation". In October, 8 years, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Xuanzong was lucky to visit the hot springs of Mount Li, so he let her become a Taoist priest and called her Taizhen. He remarried a daughter-in-law for Li Mao and secretly incorporated Yuhuan into his palace. The Old Book of Tang says: "Taizhen's qualifications are rich and colorful, she is good at singing and dancing, and she is good at music, and her intelligence is better than others. Every Qian hope to welcome, move to move on the intention. The palace called 'mother', etiquette is actually the same as the Queen. Bai Xiangshan "Song of Long Hate" cloud: "natural beauty is difficult to abandon, once chosen in the side of the king. A smile back a hundred winks, the six palaces without color", "the spring night is short day high up, from now on the king does not early morning", "to serve the bed with no room for leisure, spring from the spring tour night night", "harem beauties Three thousand people, three thousand favorites in one". At this time, Yuhuan was 56 years old and Emperor Xuanzong was already 56 years old. Tianbao 4 years, Yuhuan registered as a noble consort, until 14 years she hanged Mawei, she is the name, so the later generations called it "Yang Guifei".
Yang Guifei was favored by Emperor Xuanzong in the latter part of his reign, when he made great strides towards corruption. In the palace only "the House of the Guifei brocade embroidery workers, where seven hundred people, the carving of RongZhuo, and hundreds of people". Her family, then "sisters and brothers are listed in the earth, poor colorful birth portal. So make the world parents heart, not born male born female." Brothers needless to say, Yang Fei's three sisters, were named Mrs. State, "sisters Kunzhong five families, the A Di hole open, unauthorized removal of the palace, horses and servants, shining the capital, and boasted of each other. Each building a hall, the cost of more than ten million, see the system of Hong Zhuang than their own, that is, thorough and re-creation, civil engineering, day and night. Xuanzong awarded and the four sides of the offerings, five such as one, in making endless. Since the beginning of the Yuan, the rich and powerful, no such as Yang's than also." A five family night tour, and Guangping Princess ride from the West City Gate in the dispute, Yang's slave waved the whip hit the Princess clothes, the Princess fell off the horse, extra horse harnessed by the side of a team Xue Changxu to help the Princess, was also whipped. Afterwards, the princess went to Emperor Xuanzong and sobbed, and although Emperor Xuanzong killed Yang's slave, the extra horse harnessed by the side of a team was also removed from office.
Tang Xuanzong, who had been given a beautiful woman, squandered his money and enjoyed himself, leaving the political affairs to the treacherous minister Yang Guozhong. In the song and dance under the cover of corruption also accumulated to the limit, finally, "fishing drums and drums to move the ground, breaking the neon dress and feather clothes song". The An Shi rebels were like nobody's business. After the fall of the Tongguan Pass, Emperor Tang Xuanzong left his officials and people behind and fled Chang'an with the Yang siblings. Barely reached Mawei stage, the feather army mutiny, killed Yang Guozhong, after that, the six troops do not disperse, Tang Xuanzong had no choice but to endure the pain, Yang Guifei hanged in the Buddhist temple.
The Anshi Rebellion was a time of devastation. It was largely quelled until seven years later, in the first year of Emperor Xuanzong's grandson, Emperor Daizong Guangde, when Du Fu wrote "Hearing the Officials Collect Henan and Hebei". The Tang empire was in ruins, and it made people who had experienced past glories recall this period of history with emotion and sorrow, resulting in bitter tears. Du Gongbu's stanza "Meeting Li Guinian in Jiangnan" is moving because it conveys this feeling so well. Young people who have not experienced the vicissitudes of life will be indifferent to this poem. Moreover, after Xuanzong's happiness in Shu, he became the emperor and the outcast of history, and after returning to Chang'an, he became a "redundant person", not to mention that this flirtatious son of heaven was the creator of the flourishing world of the Kaiyuan era, so the tragedy of her and Yang Guifei will arouse people's sympathy again after the passage of time, at least, when people discuss and recall, they will have more feelings and less criticism. At least, when people talk about and remember, there is more emotion and less criticism. Therefore, during and after the life of Emperor Xuanzong, the story of him and Concubine Yang began to circulate, and the closest and most influential ones are the well-known Chen Hong's "Long Hate Biography" and Bai Juyi's "Song of Long Hate". They have both criticized and sympathized with Emperor Xuanzong's "dumping of the city and the country". "The water of the Shu River is blue and the mountains of Shu are green, and the Holy Lord is in love all the time. The moon is a sad color in the palace, and the bell breaks the bowels in the night rain", and "All the pools and gardens are still the same, and the hibiscus is like a face and the willow is like an eyebrow". The hibiscus is like a face and willow is like an eyebrow, how can I not shed tears? Mournful and entwined, a song of three sighs, reading is moving. Lin Qiong Fang Tu "to feel the king turn to think" "on the poor blue drop yellow spring" to search for, finally led to the "July 7 Everlasting Palace" of the secret oath, "in the In heaven, we wish to be birds with two wings; on earth, we wish to be branches with two trees. "The sky is long and the earth is long, and this hatred has no end". The story of "everlasting hatred" has become a general chant on the theme of love. Tang Minghuang and Yang Guifei also began to change their roles.
Since the Middle Tang Dynasty, the story of Li and Yang has been a popular subject. The story was constantly dramatized in the Tang notes Minghuang Miscellany, Kaiyuan Tianbao Remains, and Youyang Miscellaneous Chopsticks, and in the Song's Yang Taizhen Gaidian (Yang Taizhen's Outreach). By the Song and Jin dynasties at the latest, this accident began to be brought to the stage. Famous writers of Yuan miscellaneous dramas have written the story of Ming Huang Taizhen. Some of the more famous ones are: Guan Hanqing's Tang Minghuang Cries for a Fragrance Sachet, Bai Park's Tang Minghuang's Wutong Rain on an Autumn Night, Tang Minghuang's Visit to the Moon Palace, Yue Bochuan's Luo Guangyuan's Broken Dreams of Yang Guifei, and Yu Tianxie's Yang Taizhen's Complaints of Neishang, and Yang Taizhen's Palace of Huaqing. In the Ming Dynasty, there was no lack of writers who wrote stories about Li and Yang, and the most successful and influential of them all was the Palace of Eternal Youth by Hong Qi in the early Qing Dynasty. In the Palace of Eternal Youth, Li and Yang completed their roles, the author of this charming and moving love story at the same time, but also sent their own pain of the death of the nation.
It is also worth mentioning that the story of Concubine Yang is no less influential in Japan than in China. There is a legend that the Yang Concubine did not die that year, she was stolen from the sky to protect, and later east to Japan, get to end its natural life. "Suddenly heard that there are immortal mountains on the sea" - since Xu Fu, people are not the Penglai, abbot, Yingzhou, Fusang sunrise place, as the paradise of the immortals? In Japan, there are Yangfei statues, Yangfei tomb, Yangfei temple tower in many places. In the minds of Japanese nationals who have been nurtured by the culture of the Tang Dynasty, the Yang Fei body radiates the sacred aura of that culture, and the story of the Yang Fei is essentially a beautiful rainbow of cultural exchanges between China and Japan.
The "Four Beauties" of ancient times: Xi Shi, Diao Zen, Wang Zhao Jun, Yang Guifei
Wang Zhao Jun?
"Mountains and ravines to the Jingmen, growth of Mingfei still have a village. The first time I went to the purple platform, even the desert, and left the green mound to the dusk. The painting of the province to recognize the face of the spring breeze, the ring? The moon and the night are empty. The pipa has been used for speaking in Chinese for thousands of years, and it is clear that there is a song of resentment in the song." (Du Fu's "Ancient Monuments of Winged Memories") Zhaojun and Fan is also a well-known story in the family. Over the past 2,000 years, after many opera singers, novelists and poets, this story has become a poignant and confusing one, with multiple faces and far-flung meanings.
The tragedy of Zhaojun was blamed on the painter Mao Yanshou, the originator of the novel Xijing Miscellany of the Jin Dynasty: ?
The Yuan Emperor's harem was too numerous to be common, so he made the painter graphic, and called him according to the graph. The palace people all bribe painters, as many as 100,000, the lesser is not less than 50,000, only Wang Qiang refused to, so not to see. Xiong Nu into the dynasty, seeking beauty for the Xiongnu, so on the case map to Zhaojun line. And go to summon, appearance for the first harem, good response, behavior leisurely elegant. Emperor regretted, and the name of the book has been finalized, the emperor heavy faith in foreign countries, so no more people. Is poor according to the matter, the painters are abandoned, the registration of their family capital are huge. Painters have Duling Mao Yanshou, for the human form, ugly good old and young must get its true ...... The same day abandoned the city." ?
In a variety of legends, it is also said that before the marriage of Mao Yanshou bribery trap things have been exposed, Mao fear of crime fled into the Xiong Nu, offering Zhaojun portrait, monarch leaning on the situation to Hanjun strong Zhaojun, the Yuan Emperor was forced to give up the pain, Zhaojun sent out of the plug. Zhaojun's end, some say that its grief and sorrow, depression and death, but also said that its in the death of Hohanxie Shan Yu do not want to remarry drink medicine to kill themselves. After the Song Dynasty, chastity was emphasized, and the Autumn in the Han Palace had her throw herself into the river at the Han-Fan border. Modern people have abandoned the narrow national consciousness, but from the perspective of promoting national unity to understand the story, Wang Zhaojun and Princess Wencheng, are the same as the Chinese nation's history of remarkable women, Mr. Cao Yu's famous play "Wang Zhaojun," is from this perspective to the intention.
Ancient poets have also interpreted Zhaojun's tragedy from different angles. In the 64th chapter of Dream of Red Mansions, Xue Baochai said, "No matter what the topic of the poem is, as long as you are good at turning over the meaning of the ancients. ......
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