shirt turtleneck women's more lapels, women's shirts sleeves than the other sleeve length of 40 centimeters or so. Dancing down the sleeves, the sleeves dance in the air, elegant posture. Gang Dian - that is, apron, is a unique Tibetan attire, is a married woman must have decorations, gang Dian color, or colorful and strong, or elegant and serene. Tibetan cap style, texture varies. There are gold flower cap, serge cap and so on one or two dozen kinds. Tibetan boots is one of the important features of the Tibetan costume, common "pine bara wood" flower boots, boot soles are made of cotton thread leather. Headdress jewelry in Tibetan clothing occupies an important position, jewelry to the waist of the most distinctive coat, ornaments and more with the production of the ancient habitat. The elaborate also inlaid with gold and silver jewelry, headdress texture of copper, silver, gold carving and jade, coral, pearls and other treasures.
A, Tibetan folk festival
1, the Tibetan calendar year
The Tibetan calendar year is determined, is closely related to the use of the Tibetan calendar, the Tibetan calendar year the official use, is more than nine hundred and fifty years ago, that is, the lunar calendar dingmao year (A.D. one hundred and twenty-seven years) began. Since then, the usage of the Tibetan calendar has been inherited.
The Tibetan New Year is a traditional Tibetan festival. It begins on the first day of the first month of the Tibetan calendar every year and lasts from three to five days. At the beginning of December on the Tibetan calendar, people begin to prepare for the New Year's Eve, and every household soaks barley seeds in a water basin to cultivate seedlings. In mid-December, each household successively with ghee and white flour fried oil 馃 (Kasai), oil 馃zi a lot of types, there are ear-shaped "Gou over", there is a long "Naxia", there is a round, "Bru! "There are many different kinds of oil zhangzi. Close to the end of the year, each family should prepare a colorful drawings of the rectangular bamboo Suqima grains bucket, bucket filled with ghee mixed with tsampa, fried wheat grains, ginseng fruit and other foodstuffs, above the depiction of the green tree spikes, cocklebur flowers and ghee to do colorful flower panels. And prepare a colorful ghee shaped goat's head. All of this has to celebrate the harvest, wishing for the coming year, the wind and rain, people and animals flourish meaning. New Year's Eve two days before the house inside and outside for cleaning, set up a new card mat, paste new year's paintings. Twenty-nine before dinner in the center of the stove room wall, with dry flour sprinkled with "eight auspicious micro". On the main door with lime powder painted with symbols of eternal good luck "" symbols, indicating longevity, food abundance, years of peace. On the evening of New Year's Eve, each family sets up various kinds of food in front of the Buddha statue, and in order to have sufficient and abundant food during the festival, the whole family is busy until late at night on this evening. For dinner on this day, each family eats dough tuba (kutu). In the dough tuba, several different kinds of dough with stone, chili pepper, charcoal, wool and other sandwiches are made, and each kind of sandwich has a saying: stone indicates a hard heart, charcoal indicates a black heart, chili peppers indicate that the mouth is like a knife, and wool indicates a soft heart. Eat these sandwiches of people, are spit out to cause laughter, to help the New Year's Eve. This is a kind of food and entertainment activities, no matter who ate what, must be spit out, which often cause laughter, adding to the festive atmosphere of joy.
To the first day, will be green seedlings, oil 馃zi, sheep's head, grains bucket, etc. in the Buddha's niche on the coffee table, wishing for a new year of life and food abundance. On the first day of the new year before dawn, the housewife from the river back to the "auspicious water", and then wake up the whole family, according to the generation of seated, the elders came to the grains of bucket each person to grab a few grains, thrown to the sky, said the sacrifice to the gods, and then grabbed a little bit of the order to send into the mouth. Thereafter, the elders in order to wish "Zaxi Dele" (good luck), the latter back to congratulate the "Zaxi Dele Peng Songtso" (good luck, merit and success). After the ceremony, they eat cereal tuba and ghee boiled ginseng fruit, followed by mutual barley wine. The first day of the general ban on sweeping, not allowed to say unlucky words, each other do not visit guests.
The second day of the family and friends to congratulate each other on the New Year's Eve, and give each other Hada. Men, women and children are dressed in the program dress, meet each other "Zahidler", "happy holidays", this activity lasts three or five days. During the Tibetan New Year, in the square or on the open grass, everyone in a circle to dance potshuang dance, string dance, in the six-stringed zither, cymbals, gongs and other musical instruments, hand in hand, person by person, step on the ground for the festival, singing and children are burning firecrackers, the whole region immersed in joy, festive and peaceful atmosphere of the festival. In the towns and villages, Tibetan opera is sung, and potshoos and string dances are performed. In pastoral areas, herdsmen light bonfires and sing and dance all night long. Folk also engage in jousting, throwing, tug-of-war, horse racing, archery and other activities.
2, bathing festival
Bathing festival, the Tibetan language is called "gama riji" (bathing), is unique to the Tibetan people's festivals, at least seven or eight hundred years of history in Tibet. In the Tibetan calendar, held from July 6 to 12, lasted seven days. According to Buddhism, the Tibetan people say that the water on the Tibetan Plateau has eight advantages, i.e., one is sweet, two is cool, three is soft, four is light, five is clear, six does not stink, seven does not damage the throat, and eight does not hurt the abdomen. Therefore, July is known as the best time for bathing. At the end of summer and early fall, Wanli Plateau wind and sunshine, high clouds. Whether it is the city, the countryside or the pastoral area, men and women, young and old, the whole family out to the river and stream to celebrate the annual bathing festival. At that time, the Tibetan people carry tents and ghee tea, barley wine, tsampa and other food, have come to Lhasa River, Yarlung Zangbo River, to the Tibetan Plateau, thousands of rivers and lakes beside the competition in the water, enjoy playing in the water, swimming. They set up tents in the shade of the river bank lawn, surrounded by the tent, laying on the card mat. Elderly people wash their hair and wipe their bodies by the river, young people bathe and swim in the river, children play in the water and have water fights, at this time the women also have no qualms about bathing to their heart's content, the body and the whole family's clothes are washed and cleaned. Rest, the family sat around the tent, tasting the aromatic barley wine and fragrant ghee tea. The tent is filled with laughter. Bathing Festival these seven days, people not only come to the river every day to bathe, but also all the bedding at home to wash clean, so the bathing festival is not only the Tibetan people's favorite traditional festivals, but also once a year the most thorough, mass health activities.
3, Wang Guo Festival
Wang Guo Festival has a history of more than 1,500 years, is the Tibetan people long for the harvest of traditional festivals. "Wang Guo" is a translation of the Tibetan language, "Wang" Tibetan meaning field, land, "fruit" means circle, meaning "around the head of the ground in a circle ". Yarlung Zangbo River in the middle reaches and the Lhasa River on both sides of the countryside, very prevalent over the "hope fruit" festival, other places also have, but the festival name makes a difference, lazhi, fixed date around, known as the "yaji", that is, comfortable summer; work around the bara snow mountain is semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas, known as the "gangsang". Known as " gang sang ", that is, auspicious meadow, time is almost the same, are in the crop yellow ripe, ready to open the sickle before held. Before the liberation, the Tibetans were in the "king of birds" - geese flying south before the arrival of the season to Wangguo Festival. The Wangguo Festival is an important cultural phenomenon of the Tibetan people, about its origin, rituals, ground or sexual characteristics colorful.
Legend has it that as early as the end of the 5th century A.D., the Tibetan king, Bude Gonjen, asked the god of his religion for advice on how to ensure a good grain harvest. The master of the Church, let the farmers around the field circle, by holding incense burners, holding high the flag pole of the people as a guide, by holding high the wrapped around the stick of the hatha and the right leg of the sheep of the Church of the master of the road, led by holding the barley cob or wheat cob of the village townspeople around the head of the ground several times after the cob of all kinds of cereals inserted in the grain silo and shrines, praying for wind and rain, a good harvest.
"Wang Guo" festival lasted one to three days, in the autumn harvest before the auspicious day. Every year on this day, the Tibetan people are dressed in festive attire, some with colorful flags, some carrying barley, wheat ears tied into the harvest tower, harvest tower tied to the white "khada", holding up slogans, some banging gongs and drums, singing songs and Tibetan opera, some carrying Chairman Mao's statue, around the head of the ground in a circle, around the circle, the people carry tents, barley wine, while After the circle, people carry tents, barley wine, while talking about the ancient and modern, while partying and drinking, some also organize traditional horse racing, archery, yak racing, horseback riding and picking up the Hada and song and dance, Tibetan opera competitions. The commercial sector also organizes material exchanges, supplying national special-needs commodities and daily necessities, and acquiring local special products. After the Wangguo Festival, the intense fall harvest and sowing began.
4, turn the mountain will
Tibetan traditional festival, also known as Mu Buddha Festival, honoring the mountain god. Popular in Ganzi, Aba Tibetan area. Every year on the eighth day of the fourth month of the lunar calendar birth, there are nine dragons leaf water for its bath, so it is also known as Mu Buddha Festival. Every year on this day, Ganzi Tibetan area near and far the masses dressed in national costume, converge to the running horse on the mountain and folding more river. People first go to the temple to burn incense and pray, burn paper money. Then they turn to the mountain and offer sacrifices to the gods, praying for the blessing of the gods. After turning to the mountain, they set up tents for picnics and perform Tibetan opera. Singing folk songs, dancing potshuang dance, string dance, riders also horseback archery competition. During this period, people also hold material exchange activities and other cultural and sports activities.
5, Caihua Festival Nanping County Boyu around the Tibetan traditional festival. Held annually on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, the festival period of two days. Legend has it that a long time ago, Boyu was a deserted ravine, people to collect and hunt for a living, to leaves and animal skins to make clothes. One day, from afar came a girl named Lianzhi, she is beautiful and kind, dexterous, taught the local people to open up the land and planting and weaving sewing, but also pick lilies for people to cure. One year, on the fifth day of May, Lianzhi went up the mountain to pick flowers, and was swept down the cliff by the nickel wind and fell to her death. People were so sad that they went up the mountain to pick flowers on this day to honor her. Over time, the flower-picking festival was formed.
6, Huanglong Temple Fair
Huanglong Temple Fair is Aba Tibetan, Qiang, Hui, Han and other nationalities of the traditional festival. Every year on the 15th day of the sixth month of the summer calendar held in Songpan County Huanglong Temple. Located in Aba Prefecture Songpan County Minshan southern foothills in the thicket of Huanglong Temple, it backs up to the elevation of more than 5700 meters Minshan main peak Xuebao Xiang, because of the top of the mountain on the clear springs with calcium soaring down the mountain, paved with a milky yellow, like a yellow dragon soaring down the natural wonders, inlaid with more than 3,400 large and small colorful, they are interconnected, multicolor interplay. The descendants built the temple, to attract neighboring provinces, states, counties faithful pilgrimage, and gradually formed a folk festival.
Every year, from the tenth day of the sixth lunar month, tourists from all over the world, or on horseback, by car or on foot, with cooking utensils, tents to travel here. Rally, people not only want to enjoy the scenery of Huanglong Temple, and held a Tibetan opera performances, folk songs; young strong men, but also wrestling, archery and other activities. June 15 is the climax of the festival, Huanglong Temple and the surrounding hillside forest lined with a variety of specialties, forming a grand exchange of materials. Old people into the temple to burn incense, praying for a lifetime of peace. Young people sing and dance all night long.
7, herdsmen festival
Aba Tibetan herdsmen's traditional festival. Held annually at the beginning of the next month of the lunar calendar, the festival is generally a week. Before the festival, families clean up, in the sun is going down, the garbage to the west to pour, intended to let the sun's flames will be all the ominous things burned. Then, each family prepares barley wine, yogurt and other festival foods. On the morning of the first day of the festival, fathers and daughters of each family compete to carry auspicious water. Then, they wash their faces and hands with the auspicious water with milk, and burn cypress incense with the cleaned hands to pray for abundant water and grass, and prosperous cattle and sheep. Then, the whole family sits around and enjoys a feast. For the first three days of the festival, villages danced and sang, competed in wrestling matches and engaged in all kinds of recreational activities without going outside the village. After three days, people start to go from village to village to congratulate each other on a happy festival. Every night, people gather outside their villages and set up bonfires, singing and dancing.
8, Ruixi Festival
The traditional Tibetan festival, popular in the area of Muli County. The festival is held on the seventh day of the first month of the lunar calendar every year. Legend has it that in ancient times, the area around the wood is very affluent, Tibet and Yunnan's eight Tibetan tribes moved a long way to live, settled that day, is the seventh day of the waxing moon, people gathered together to sing and dance, indulgence and joy. Later, this day every year to hold commemorative activities, passed down from generation to generation, become a fixed festival. The day before the festival, each family was busy preparing sumptuous food. On the day of the festival, the whole family sits together and drinks. It is customary to let the cats and dogs have a full meal, and if they eat meat first and then eat, it is a sign of good weather and good harvests in agriculture and animal husbandry in the coming year. Night. People gather around a pile of bonfires. Singing songs and dancing.
9, Xie Shui Festival
Popular in the Coronation County area. It is held on the sixth day of the third month of the lunar calendar every year. Its main content is to seek rain and pray for children. On this day, the lama with tsampa made of frogs, snakes and toads, each family with one or two people. Came to the side of the ditch, the lama while chanting while the tsampa made animals into the water. When they returned, everyone was playing with rain gear and yelling, indicating that the rain had fallen. Next, people go to honor a round pagoda. Inside the pagoda is a knife and a small gong pot, representing fertility. Women who have been married for a long time without children make a wish to the pagoda god for a child. Nong, who has a child after honoring the pagoda, goes to honor the pagoda on that day to return the wish.
10, on nine festival
Popular in the area of Baoxing County. The first nine days of the first month of the lunar calendar is held every year. Is the day, people gathered to the mountain, organized lanterns and performances such as lion dance, dancing and singing. At night, a unique male and female wrestling, the result is often male defeat female victory, causing laughter, will be the climax of the holiday activities.
11, flower festival
Also known as the flower festival, popular in the Malcolm area. Held in the sixth month of the lunar calendar every year, the time is usually 3-5 days, some places up to more than 10 days. People bring food, tents, riding horses, groups of people to the field to play and enjoy the mountain flowers. They set up tents, boiled ghee tea, filled with green pear wine, while eating and drinking, while enjoying the flowers, while blessing. At night, lit a bonfire, singing and dancing. During the festival, but also held wrestling, horse racing and other activities. It is also an opportunity for young men and women to talk about love.
12, the flower festival
Tibetan language called "if the wood bird", is the meaning of the mountains, held every year on the 18th day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar, is generally based on the villages, together with the tents under the play, each time the activities, as few as three or four days, more than ten days. Over the flower festival, people came forward to participate in the tour of the guests to honor the Hadar, and warmly welcome into the tent, hospitality. At night, men and women, young and old, hand in hand, in the hands of the leader of the dance team, accompanied by a string of bells, around the campfire, step in a beautiful dance, singing folk songs, singing and dancing, and even all night long.
13, horse racing
Popular in Hongyuan County and other places. Held every year on the first day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar, the festival period of one day. Horse racing is a very favorite activity of the Tibetan people, it is not only the collection of farming and animal husbandry leisure time, exchange of agricultural and animal husbandry production experience of the place, but also the Tibetan people's spirit of the show. Horse racing is a favorite activity of the Tibetan people, not only as a place for gathering and exchanging farming and animal husbandry experiences in their leisure time, but also as a display of the spirit of the Tibetan people. Horse-racing not only appears in the festival in the form of the mother-title, but more importantly, the Tibetan people, who have built up a strong faith in horses, have formed such an ethnic tradition as the "Horse-racing Festival", and this activity has a long history. At that time, the county and nearby places Tibetan people dressed in traditional national costume, from all directions until the racecourse, a variety of forms of horse racing activities. There are collective race speed, there are teams for relay race, there are performances of horse running and archery, there are performances of horse racing skills, very lively. After the horse races, people exchange local products with each other.
14, insert the roof flag
Insert the roof flag for the Tibetan festival custom. Every New Year, each family will be engraved with a Tibetan scripture red, yellow and white cloth flag inserted on the roof. The flag is used to avoid disasters and to pray for good luck. Cloth flag height and size varies, the color also varies from place to place. Some white cloth with red edges, some red and yellow and decorated with black stripes. Most of the flags are rectangular, but there are also square and triangular ones. Some flags are tied to a flagpole, while others are tied to a tree pole. Some have one flag, some have several.
15, baima song will
for baima Tibetan holiday customs. Popular in pingwu county, held every year before and after the chingming festival. Baima Tibetans can sing and dance, traditional cultural activities held during the Spring Festival in the Han area. With the development of the economy and the introduction of new culture, they developed the desire to create their own festival. The relevant departments of the situation, in 1982 held the first cottage song will be held. Since then it has been customary to organize it once a year.
16, Linka Festival
Tibetan language, "Zimulin Jisang", meaning "World Joy Day". Some people also call it "suburban feast". Is the Tibet Autonomous Region Lhasa, Rikaze, Chamdo and other areas of the Tibetan people's traditional entertainment day. Every year around the first day of May in the Tibetan calendar, the festival period is uncertain, some places up to more than ten days. At that time, the Tibetan people old and young, with food, barley wine, butter tea, card mat, tent, and a variety of entertainment equipment and musical instruments, to the elegant and quiet LinKa (Tibetan translation, meaning garden, garden, which more planted willows, so the folk also called LinKa strolling "play willow LinZi"). On the lawn, under the ancient trees set up a white tent, surrounded by a few sheets or plastic sheeting, laying card cushions, while playing the six-stringed zither, while drinking butter tea or barley wine, get together for a wild feast. Some play poker, some play chess, playing krone ball or chatting and laughing, there are in the green grass singing and dancing. In addition, during the festival, but also held some religious ceremonies and Qianma, archery and other cultural and sports activities.
The Miao is a rich ancient civilization, pay attention to the etiquette of the nation, the age of the festival is unique and distinctive. Miao traditional festivals are divided into functional meaning: ⒈ agricultural activities festivals; Pake material exchange festivals; 3 men and women to socialize, love, choose a spouse festivals;⒋ ritual festivals; careful commemorative, celebratory festivals. According to the chronological order, a year is divided into twelve months, and each month has more than one festival. In the moving month (Rat or Zi month), 1-15 days (from the first Zi day to the second C day) is the festival of playing New Year, in which the first Zi day is the festival of heavenly age, the Miao people don't go out (far away from home); the first ugly day is the festival of earthly age, during the period of the first ugly day to the second ugly day (from 2-14 days), the people have to go to visit their relatives and friends, to congratulate each other for the new year, men and women singing songs to each other, playing with dragon lanterns and lions, etc.; the second C day is the festival of the second year. The second Yin day (15th) is the year of the tail (burning dragon lanterns). The first ugly day of the partial month (ox month or ugly month) is the Social Day, also known as the Dragon Head Festival, in which the Miao people offer sacrifices to the God of the Land, catching dragons, and Anlong (dyeing rong in Miao). the first c day of January (tiger month or c month) is the festival of material exchanges and socializing between men and women (known as the March 3 Street Festival in Chinese). the first unday of February (rabbit month or month) is the festival of the King of the Ox (known as the 8th day of the 4th lunar month in Chinese), and the festival of socializing between men and women is Cherry Club and Buddha's Birthday. the first e day and second c day of March (dragon month or month) is the Festival of the Dragon King (known as the 8th day of the 4th lunar month in Chinese). The first e day and the second c day of March (Dragon month or Cinnabar month) are the Little Dragon Boat Festival and the Big Dragon Boat Festival respectively, of which the Little Dragon Boat Festival was later called the Qu Yuan Festival and the Song Master's Festival in honor of the patriotic poet Qu Yuan (芈姓). the first s day of April (Snake month or Sibuti month) is the Dragon Bucking Festival (known as the June 6 Festival in Han Chinese, June Fields), and the Festival of Eating the New Year (the ripening of the barley). the first zi day of May (Horse month or Woo month) is the Festival of the Little New Year (known as the Seven Sisters in Miao language, i.e., the Seven Stars of the Big Dipper). June (sheep month or not) of the second c day for the duck festival, the second e day for the autumn festival. July (monkey month or shen month) of the first shen day for wine festival (glutinous rice harvest brewing sweet wine, rice wine). august (chicken month or you month) for the festival of rituals (the main vertebrate cattle, eating pigs, jumping incense, return Nuo wish, Anlong and other ancestor and soul activities). september (dog month or huxiu month) hunting festival, the day of sacrifice to the three gods of the meishan, start hunting. october (dog month or xu month), hunting festival, the day of sacrifice to the three gods of meishan, and the beginning of the hunt. october (the month or huxiu month), the day of sacrifice to the three gods of meishan, and the beginning of the hunt. October (pig month or Ohio month) dao day, noon for eating pig soup festival (kill the New Year's pig), Zaoshen Festival (Zaoshen Festival), New Year's Eve (New Year's Eve, the Han Chinese said the Miao people October New Year's Eve).
The Hmong in most areas eat three meals a day, with rice as the main food. Deep-fried food is most common in the form of deep-fried poi. If you add some fresh meat and pickles as filling, the flavor is more delicious. Meat mostly from livestock, poultry raising, Sichuan, Yunnan and other places of the Miao people like to eat dog meat, there are "Miao dog, Yi wine," said. Miao cooking oil in addition to animal oil, mostly tea oil and vegetable oil. Chili pepper is the main condiment, and some regions even have the saying that "no spicy dishes". Miao dishes are varied, common vegetables are beans, melons and greens, radish, most of the Miao are good at making soybean products. Hmong people everywhere generally like to eat sour dishes, sour soup is a must for every family. Sour soup is made from rice soup or tofu water, which is put into tile jars and fermented for 3-5 days, then it can be used to cook meat, fish and vegetables. The preservation of food among the Hmong people is commonly done by the pickling method, where vegetables, chicken, duck, fish, and meat are preferred to be pickled into sour flavors. Almost every Miao family has a pickled food jar, collectively known as the sour altar. The Miao people have a long history of brewing wine, from the making, fermentation, distillation, blending, cellar have a complete set of technology. Oil tea is the most common daily drink. The Miao people in western Hunan also have a special kind of Wanhua tea. Sour soup is also a common drink. Typical foodstuffs include: blood dunking soup, chili bone, turtle and phoenix soup of Miao township, sheep cabbage, worm tea, ten thousand flowers tea, pounded fish, sour soup fish and so on.
There are no less than 200 kinds of Miao costumes in Qiandongnan, which is the region in China and the world with the most kinds of Miao costumes and the best preservation, and it is called the "Museum of Miao Costumes". The Miao costumes, in general, maintain the traditional craft techniques of weaving, embroidery, picking and dyeing of Chinese folklore, and often, while applying one of the main craft techniques, they are interspersed with other craft techniques, either picking with embroidery, dyeing with embroidery, or weaving and embroidery, which makes these costume patterns colorful, overflowing with color and light, and shows distinctive characteristics of national art. From the content point of view, most of the costume patterns are taken from various living objects in daily life, which play an important role in expressing meaning and recognizing ethnic groups, clans and languages, and the records of these images are called "epics worn on the body" by experts and scholars. From the styling point of view, the traditional Chinese line-drawing or almost line-drawing styling method of using a single line as the outline of the pattern is adopted. From the point of view of production techniques, the five types of forms in the history of costume development, namely, the compilation type, the weaving type, the sewing type, the assembling type and the tailoring type, are exemplified in the costumes of the Miao people of Qiandongnan, with a clear relationship between the historical hierarchy, which is comparable to the exhibition hall of the history of costume production. From the point of view of color, they are good at choosing a variety of strong contrasting colors, and strive to pursue the richness of the color and the heavy sense of voluptuousness, generally red, black, white, yellow and blue. From the composition, it does not emphasize the highlighting of the theme, but only focuses on adapting to the requirements of the overall sense of clothing. From the form, divided into dress and casual wear. Dressy, for the festival ceremony and marriage when wearing clothing, complex and gorgeous, focusing on the artistic level of the Miao costume. Casual wear, style than dress style quiet, simple, with less material, less labor, for daily wear. In addition to the dress and casual wear, there are also age and regional differences in Miao clothing. This is also the reason why the Miao dress is an encyclopedia on the body. Miao girls love to wear pleated skirts, with more than 500 pleats on one skirt and many layers, some as many as 30 or 40. These skirts, from weaving cloth to bleaching, dyeing and sewing, all the way to the final drawing and embroidery, are all done independently by the girls themselves, plus hand-embroidered flower belts and flower chest pockets, which are really colorful and beautiful. Speaking of "clothes", we have to think of "jewelry". Headdresses include silver horns, silver fans, silver hats, silver scarf, silver floating head rows, silver hairpins, silver pins, silver topiary, silver net chain, silver comb, silver earrings, silver children's hats. If the dressed Miao girls get together, it will become a beautiful silver world. Like to wear silver is the nature of the Miao girls, they pull hair in a bun on top of the head, wearing about 20 centimeters high, beautifully made silver flower crown, flower crowns inserted in front of the 6 uneven heights of silver wings, most of the above made with two dragons playing with beads, butterflies, phoenixes, phoenixes, swimming fish playing in the water Miao silver
Patterns. In some areas, in addition to inserting silver pieces on the silver crown, but also inserted about 1 meter high silver bullhorn, the tip of the corner of the Department of colorful floats, more noble and rich. Silver crown along the lower edge of the circle hanging silver flower belt, under a row of small silver flower pendant, neck wear silver collar has several layers, more than a silver piece of beaten flowers and small silver ring even set and become. Chest wearing silver locks and silver pressure collar, chest, back wearing a silver cloak, hanging many small silver bells. The earrings and bracelets are all silver. Only the two sleeves show embroidery in a fiery red color, but the cuffs are also inlaid with a wider circle of silver ornaments. Miao girls dressed in costumes often have several kilograms of weight, some are several generations of accumulation of inheritance, known as "flower clothes and silver race Tianxian," the beauty of the name. Miao silver jewelry craft gorgeous and elaborate, ingenious, fully demonstrated the wisdom and talent of the Miao people. In less than 10 kilometers from the Xijiang Thousand Households Miaowai hemp material, control of the Bay, Wu Gao. Is known as the Miao silver township, which is the most professional hemp material, 85% of which are silversmiths, legend has it that the Walled Li family is the Tang Dynasty period of the Miao country "Nanshao Kingdom" after the royal silver bureau
The major festivals of the Dai people is the Dai New Year - the Water Festival, the Summer Festival, the Dance Festival, the Water Festival, the Water Festival, the Water Festival, the Water Festival, the Water Festival, the Water Festival, the Water Festival, the Water Festival, the Water Festival, the Water Festival and the Water Festival. -The Water Splashing Festival, the Festival of Entering the Summer Settlement (Shutting the Door Festival), and the Festival of Exiting the Summer Settlement (Opening the Door Festival).
The Water Splashing Festival
The Water Splashing Festival is a traditional festival for the Dai people to send off the old and welcome the new, which takes place in the middle of April in the Gregorian calendar. The main activities during the festival are rituals, worshiping ancestors, piling up sand, splashing water, throwing sandbags, racing dragon boats, setting off fireworks and singing, dancing and revelry. The Water Splashing Festival held in the sixth month of the Dai calendar every year is the grandest festival, which is called "Sangkan Bimai" in Dai language. The festival is called "Sangkan Bimai" in Dai language. At that time, the Buddha should be fine, and a feast is held to invite monks and friends and relatives to congratulate each other by splashing water. Nowadays, water-splashing activity is the main content of Dai New Year festival, and this activity is loved by people of all ethnic groups. The Water Splashing Festival is the New Year of the Dai Calendar, and the festival is held in June and July of the Dai Calendar, which is equivalent to April of the Gregorian calendar.
Gate Festival
"Gate Festival" is called "Into the Pit" in Dai language, which means the entrance of Buddha into the temple. Yunnan Dai traditional religious festivals, held annually on September 15 of the Dai calendar (mid-July of the lunar calendar), which lasts for three months. According to legend, every year in September of the Dai calendar, Buddha went to the Western Heaven to preach with his mother, and it took three months to return to earth. Once, just as the Buddha went to the West to preach during the period, thousands of Buddhists went to the countryside to preach, trampled on the people's crops, delaying their production, the people complained a lot, very dissatisfied with the Buddhists. When the Buddha learned of this, he felt uneasy in his heart. From then on, every time the Buddha to the West when preaching, will be the Buddhists are gathered together, the provisions of the three months are not allowed to go anywhere, only repentance, in order to atone for the sins of the past. Therefore, it is called the "Shut the Door Festival".
Open Door Festival
The Open Door Festival, also known as the "Out of the Pits", is a traditional festival of the Dai, Brown, De'ang and some Wa ethnic groups who believe in Hinayana Buddhism in China. It is a traditional festival of the Dai, Brown, De'ang and some Wa ethnic groups in China. It is popular in the Yunnan region, originating from the ancient Buddhist custom of settling down during the rainy season, and is similar to the Buddhist festival of Xiefu in the Central Plains. It falls on the 15th day of the 12th month of the Dai calendar (around the middle of the 9th month of the lunar calendar). Open Door Festival, symbolizing three months since the rainy season has come to an end, said the lifting of the "closed door festival" since the wedding taboo between men and women, that is, from now on, young men and women can begin to fall in love freely or hold a wedding. On the day of the festival, young men and women go to a Buddhist temple in full costume to worship the Buddha and offer food, flowers, sticks of wax, and coins. After the festival is over, a grand cultural gathering is held to celebrate the end of the Anju fasting period since the Kannon Festival. The main events include the lighting of sparks and gaoseng, the lighting of lanterns, and singing and dancing. Young people also dance around the village with lanterns in the shape of birds, animals, fish and insects. This is also a festival to celebrate the harvest as it coincides with the completion of the rice harvest.
Edit this section of the national taboos
Taboo outsiders riding horses, cattle, picking burdens and disheveled hair into the cottage; into the Dai family bamboo building, to take off their shoes outside the door, and in the house should be walking lightly; can not sit on top of the fire or across the fire, can not enter the owner's inner room, can not sit on the threshold; can not move the tripod on the fire, and can not be stamped on the fire; taboos in the home whistles, nail clipping; not allowed to use clothes as a pillow or a pillow; not allowed to use clothes as a pillow, or to use clothes as a pillow, or to use clothes as a pillow, or to use clothes as a pillow. ; not allowed to use clothes as pillows or sit on pillows; when sunbathing clothes, tops should be sunbathed on a high place, pants and skirts should be sunbathed on a low place; shoes should be taken off when entering a Buddhist temple, and it is taboo to touch the head of a young monk, a statue of the Buddha, a goshawk, a flag and a series of other holy objects of the Buddhist family. Can not casually loud noise.
The Dai mostly have the habit of eating two meals a day, with rice and glutinous rice as the main food. The Dai in Dehong eat mainly round-grained rice, while the Dai in Xishuangbanna eat mainly glutinous rice. Usually is now pounded [chōng] now eat, folk believe that: japonica rice and glutinous rice only now eat now pounded, not to lose its original color and flavor, and therefore do not eat or rarely eat overnight rice, used to eat by hand pinch rice. Outdoor laborers often eat in the field, with banana leaves or a mass of rice together with a ball of glutinous rice, with salt, chili, sour pork, roast chicken, mumble (Dai, meaning sauce), moss pine can be eaten. All the accompanying dishes and snacks are mainly sour, such as sour bamboo shoots, sour pea flour, sour meat and wild sour fruit; like to eat dry sauerkraut, the method is to dry the green vegetables, then boiled in water, add papaya juice, so that the flavor becomes sour, and then dried and stored. When eating, put a little boiled vegetables or put in the soup. This kind of sauerkraut has a place in the Dai people eat almost every day. It is said that the reason why the Dai people often eat sour dishes is because they often eat indigestible glutinous rice food, and sour food helps digestion. The moss is a unique flavor of the Dai people. The moss consumed by the Dai people is selected from the moss on the rocks in the river water in the spring, with dark green color as the best, and then torn into thin slices after fishing, dried in the sun, and threaded with bamboo gimlets to be used. Cooking, thick fried in oil, thin roasted with fire, crispy rubbed into the bowl, and then pour boiling oil, then add salt and stir, with glutinous rice balls or bacon for dipping, the flavor is incomparable. Cooking fish, more into sour fish or roasted into lemongrass fish, but also into fish chopped grits (i.e., with fish roasted and whacked into the mud, and large coriander and other seasonings centralized), fish jelly, fire fish, eel in white sauce. Eat crabs, generally will be the crab shell with meat chopped into crab sauce with rice to eat, the Dai people call this crab sauce for "crab Mangmibu". Bitter melon is the most abundant and most consumed daily vegetable. In addition to bitter melon, Xishuangbanna has a bitter bamboo shoots, so the Dai flavor there is a bitter flavor, more representative of the bitter dishes are cooked with cow bile and other ingredients of the cow Sa Pi gazpacho platter.