The Tibetans are different from the Han Chinese in that they use the Tibetan calendar. They have their own special traditional festivals according to their living habits. So, what are the traditional festivals of Tibetans? Below by me to organize the Tibetan traditional festivals related knowledge, I hope to help you!
Tibetan traditional festivals
1, the Tibetan calendar year (the first day of the first month of the Tibetan calendar began)
More than nine hundred and fifty years ago, that is, the dingmao year of the Lunar Calendar (A.D. 1027), the Tibetan people began the Tibetan calendar year. The Tibetan New Year is a festive custom, equivalent to the Chinese Spring Festival.
Every year, the Tibetan New Year begins on the first day of the first month of the Tibetan calendar, ranging from three to five days. At the beginning of December on the Tibetan calendar, people begin to prepare for the New Year, and families soak barley seeds in water basins to cultivate seedlings. In the Tibetan calendar year, its food customs and habits, although eating different things, but over the habits with the Han Chinese is the same, such as the New Year's Eve or 29, eat New Year's Eve dinner, out of the night, people get together again, each family to eat dough Tuba (Gutu). The first day of the New Year to wish a new year of good luck, respectively, and then worship. On the second day of the year to return gifts to each other, and wear new clothes.
During the Tibetan New Year, in the square or on the open grass, everyone in a circle to dance potshuang dance, string dance, in the six-stringed zither, cymbals, gongs and other musical instruments, accompanied by hand in hand, people step on the ground next to people for the festival, singing and, the children set off firecrackers, the whole region immersed in the joyful, celebratory, peaceful atmosphere of the festival. In the towns and villages, Tibetan opera is sung, and potshoos and string dances are performed. In pastoral areas, herdsmen light bonfires and sing and dance all night long. Folk also jousting, throwing, tug-of-war, horse racing, archery and other activities.
2, on the ninth festival (the ninth day of the first month of the lunar calendar)
Popular in the area of Baoxing County. It is held on the ninth day of the first month of the lunar calendar every year. On the day, people gathered to the mountain, organized lanterns and performances such as lion dance, dancing and singing. At night, held a unique men and women wrestling, the results are often men lose women win, causing laughter, will be the climax of the holiday activities.
3, Xie Shui Festival (the sixth day of the third month of the lunar calendar)
Popular in the Coronation County area. It is held on the sixth day of the third month of the lunar calendar every year. Its main content is to seek rain and pray for children. On this day, the lama with tsampa made of frogs, snakes and toads, each family with one or two people. Came to the ditch side, the lama while chanting while the tsampa made animals into the water. When returning, everyone played with rain gear, yelling, indicating that the rain has fallen. Next, people went to honor a round tower. Inside the pagoda is a knife and a small gong pot, representing fertility. Women who have been married for a long time without children make a wish to the pagoda god for a child. After honoring the tower gave birth to a child Nong, that day to go to honor the tower to return the wish.
4, turn the mountain will be (lunar April 8)
Tibetan traditional festival, also known as the festival of Mu Buddha, the God of the mountains. Popular in Ganzi, Aba Tibetan areas. Every year on the eighth day of the fourth month of the lunar calendar birth, there are nine dragons leaf water for its bath, so it is also known as Mu Buddha Festival. Every year on this day, Ganzi Tibetan area near and far the masses dressed in national costume, gathered to run on the mountain and folding more river. People first go to the temple to burn incense and pray, burn paper money. Then they turn to the mountain and offer sacrifices to the gods, praying for the blessing of the gods. After turning to the mountain, they set up tents for picnic and perform Tibetan opera. Singing folk songs, dancing potshuang dance, string dance, riders also horseback archery competition. During this period, people also want to hold material exchange activities and other cultural and sports activities.
5, Baima song (before and after the Qingming Festival)
For the Baima Tibetan festival custom. Popular in Pingwu County, held every year before and after the Qingming Festival. Baima Tibetan people can sing and dance, traditional cultural activities held during the Chinese New Year in the Han area. With the development of the economy and the introduction of new culture, they gave birth to the desire to create their own festival. The relevant departments of the situation, in 1982 held the first cottage song will be held. Since then, it has been customary to organize once a year.
6, Rinka Festival (Tibetan May 1 or so)
Tibetan said? The Tibetan language is called "Zimulin Jisang". World Joy Day. Some people also call it? Is the Tibet Autonomous Region Lhasa, Rikaze, Chamdo and other areas of the Tibetan people's traditional entertainment day. Every year around the first day of May in the Tibetan calendar, the festival period is uncertain, some places up to more than ten days. At that time, the Tibetan people old and young, with food, barley wine, ghee tea, card pad, tent, as well as a variety of recreational equipment and musical instruments, to the elegant and quiet LinKa (Tibetan translation, meaning garden, garden, which is planted with willow trees, so the folk also called LinKa strolling? Play willow forest?) The On the lawn, under the ancient trees set up a white tent, surrounded by a few sheets or plastic sheeting, laying the card cushion, while playing the six-stringed zither, while drinking butter tea or barley wine, gathered wild feast. Some play poker, some play chess, play krone ball or chatting and laughing, there are in the green grass singing and dancing. In addition, during the festival, some religious ceremonies and Qianma, archery and other sports activities.
7, Caihua Festival (the fifth day of the fifth lunar month)
Nanping County, Boyu Tibetan traditional festival. Held annually on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, the festival period of two days. Legend has it that a long time ago, Boyu was a remote mountain valley, people to collect and hunt for a living, to leaves and animal skins to make clothes. One day, from afar came a girl named Lianzhi, she is beautiful and kind, dexterous, taught the local people to open up land and planting and weaving and sewing, but also pick lilies for people to cure. One year, on the fifth day of May, Lianzhi went up the mountain to pick flowers and was swept down the cliff by the nickel wind and died. People were so sad that they went up the mountain to pick flowers on that day to honor her. Over time, the flower picking festival was formed.
8, Flower Festival (Lunar June)
Also known as the flower festival, popular in the Malcolm area. Held every year in the sixth lunar month, the time is usually 3-5 days, some places up to more than 10 days. People bring food, tents, riding horses, groups of people to the field to play, enjoy the mountain flowers. They set up tents, boiled ghee tea, filled with green pear wine, while eating and drinking, while enjoying the flowers, while blessing. At night, lit a bonfire, singing and dancing. During the festival, but also held wrestling, horse racing and other activities. It is also an opportunity for young men and women to talk about love.
9, Huanglong Temple Fair (June 15)
Huanglong Temple Fair is Aba Tibetan, Qiang, Hui, Han and other nationalities of the traditional festival. Every year on the 15th day of the 6th lunar month in Songpan County Huanglong Temple. Located in Aba Prefecture Songpan County Minshan in the southern foothills of the mountains in the Huanglong Temple, it is backed by the elevation of more than 5,700 meters Minshan main peak Xuebao Xiang, due to the top of the mountain on the clear springs with calcium soaring down the mountain, paved with a milky-yellow color, like a yellow dragon soaring down the natural wonders of the inlaid with more than 3,400 large and small colorful, they are interconnected, colorful and colorful. Later, the temple was built to attract neighboring provinces, states and counties to worship the faithful, and gradually formed folklore festivals.
Every year from the tenth day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar, tourists from all over the world or horseback riding, by car or on foot, with cooking utensils, tents to travel here. Rally, people not only want to enjoy the scenery of Huanglong Temple, and held a Tibetan opera performance, folk songs; young men, but also wrestling, archery and other activities. June 15 is the climax of the festival, Huanglong Temple and the surrounding hillside forest lined with a variety of specialties, forming a grand exchange of materials. Old people into the temple to burn incense, praying for a lifetime of peace. The young people sing and dance all night long.
10, the flower festival (lunar June 18)
Tibetan called? If the wood bird? , is the meaning of the mountains, held every year on the 18th day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar, is generally based on the villages, together with the tents under the tour, each activity, as few as three or four days, more than a dozen or so days. Over the flower festival, people came forward to participate in the tour of guests to honor the Hadar, and warmly welcome into the tent, hospitality. At night, men and women, young and old, hand in hand, in the hands of the dance team leader, accompanied by a string of bells, around the campfire, stepping on the beautiful dance, singing folk songs, singing and dancing, to the all-night long.
11, horse racing (July 1 of the lunar calendar)
Popular in Hongyuan County and other places. Held every year on the first day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar, the festival period of one day. Horse racing is a very favorite activity of the Tibetan people, it is not only a collection of farming and animal husbandry leisure time, the exchange of agricultural and animal husbandry production experience of the place, but also the Tibetan people's spirit of the show. Horse racing is a favorite activity of the Tibetan people, not only as a place for gathering and exchanging agricultural and animal husbandry production experiences during their leisure time, but also as a display of the spirit of the Tibetan people. Horse-racing not only in the form of the mother theme in the festival, more importantly, built on the strong belief in the horse Tibetan people, the formation of such a national tradition? Horse Racing Festival and this activity has a long history. At that time, the county and nearby Tibetan people dressed in traditional national costume, from all directions until the racecourse, a variety of forms of horse racing activities. There are collective race speed, there are teams for relay race, there are performances of horse running and archery, there are performances of horse racing skills, very lively. After the end of the horse race, people exchanged local products with each other.
12, Bathing Festival (held from July 6 to 12 on the Tibetan calendar, lasted seven days)
Bathing Festival, the Tibetan language called? Gama Rigi? (bath), is the Tibetan people's unique festival, in Tibet at least seven or eight hundred years of history. Tibetan people according to Buddhism, the Tibetan plateau water has eight advantages, namely a sweet, two cool, three soft, four light, five clear, six does not stink, seven drink does not damage the throat, eight drink does not hurt the abdomen. Therefore, July is known as the best time for bathing. At the end of summer and early fall, Wanli Plateau wind and sunshine, the sky is high and cloudy.
Whether it is the city, the countryside or pastoral areas, men and women, young and old, the whole family, came to the riverside streams to celebrate the annual bathing festival. At that time, the Tibetan people carry tents and ghee tea, barley wine, tsampa and other food, have come to the Lhasa River, the Yarlung Tsangpo River, to the Tibetan Plateau, thousands of rivers and lakes next to the competition in the water, enjoy playing in the water, swimming. They set up tents in the shade of the river bank lawn, surrounded by the tent, laying on the card mat. Elderly people in the river to wash their heads and rub their bodies, young people in the river bathing and swimming, children in the water play water fights, at this time the women also have no qualms about bathing, the body and the whole family's clothes are washed clean.
During the break, the family sat around the tent, savoring the fragrant barley wine and fragrant ghee tea. In the seven days of the Bathing Festival, people not only come to the river to bathe every day, but also to clean all the bedding at home, so the Bathing Festival is not only a traditional festival loved by the Tibetan people, but also the most thorough annual, mass health activities.
13, Wang Guo Festival (autumn harvest period, lasted one to three days)
Wang Guo Festival has a history of more than 1,500 years, is the Tibetan people long for a good harvest of traditional festivals. Wang Guo? is the translation of the Tibetan language,? The festival has a history of more than 1,500 years. Tibetan meaning is field, land,? Fruit? means to turn around, meaning ? around the ground in a circle? The middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River and the Lhasa River on both sides of the countryside, very prevalent over? Wang Guo? Festival, other places also have, but the festival name makes a difference, Lhatse, Tingri area, known as? Ya Ji? , that is, comfortable summer; Gongbubala Snow Mountain around the semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas, known as the? Help Sang? , i.e. auspicious meadow, time is almost the same, are in the crop yellow ripe, ready to open the sickle before held. Before liberation, Tibetans are in? King of birds before the arrival of the season of the geese flying south Wang Guo Festival. Wang Guo Festival is an important cultural phenomenon of the Tibetan people, about its origin, rituals, ground or sexual characteristics of colorful.
Legend has it that as early as the end of the 5th century AD, the Tibetan King Bude Gongjian to ensure a good harvest of food to the Lord of this religion. The godfather of the purpose, let the farmers around the field circle, by holding incense burners, holding high the flag pole of the people as a guide, by holding high wrapped around the stick of the hatha and the right leg of the sheep of this religion godfather to lead the way, leading to hold the barley cob or wheat cob of the village townspeople around the head of the ground several times after the cob of the various kinds of grain inserted in the grain silo and shrines, and prayed for wind and rain, a good harvest.
? Wang Guo? Festival lasted one to three days, held on an auspicious day before the fall harvest. Every year on this day, the Tibetan people are dressed in festive attire, some with colorful flags, some carrying barley, wheat ears tied into the harvest tower, the harvest tower tied with white? Hada? In addition, holding a placard, some banging gongs and drums, singing songs and Tibetan opera, some carrying Chairman Mao's statue, around the head of the circle, around the circle, people carrying tents, barley wine, while talking about the old ways, while drinking wildly, some also organized traditional horse racing, archery, yak racing, horseback riding and picking up the Hada and song and dance, Tibetan opera competitions. The commercial sector also organizes material exchange, supplying national special needs commodities and daily necessities, and acquiring local special products. After the Wang Guo Festival, the beginning of the intense fall harvest sowing.
14, the Ohi Festival (the seventh day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar)
For the Tibetan traditional festival, popular in the area of Muli County. The festival is held on the seventh day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar every year. Legend has it that, in ancient times, the area around Muli was very affluent, Tibet and Yunnan's eight Tibetan tribes moved a long way to live, the day of settlement, is the seventh day of the lunar month, people gathered together, singing and dancing, and indulging in joy. Afterwards, every year this day will be held to commemorate the activities, passed down from generation to generation, become a fixed festival. The day before the festival, families were busy preparing sumptuous food. On the day of the festival, the whole family sits together and drinks. It is customary to let the cats and dogs have a full meal, and if they eat meat first and then eat, it is a sign of good weather and a good harvest in agriculture and livestock in the coming year. Night. People gather around a pile of bonfires. Singing songs and dancing.
The Origin of the Tibetan People
The Tibetan people, one of the ancient members of China's multi-ethnic state, are distributed in Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan and other provinces and districts, and have their long history and culture. In the Tibetan region, many cultural sites of various historical stages have been discovered and excavated, including the Old and New Stone Age and the Copper and Stone Wells period. 1979 saw the archaeological excavation of the Karo site in Chamdo, Tibet, which is 4,000 or 5,000 years old, and the discovery and excavation of a number of other ancient cultural sites in such areas as Nyalam, Tingri, Shenzha, Linzhi, and Mutuo. This indicates that human beings flourished in Tibet 7,000 to 20,000 years ago. In Qinghai, Gansu and other areas, the remains found belong to the late Neolithic period of new stone tools and colored pottery culture. Aba Prefecture has been found in the territory of the ancient human life has lived in the settlement of cultural heritage sites there are 19, some of which belong to the Neolithic Age to the Han Dynasty cultural heritage sites, some may be willing to Tang and Song dynasties of cultural remains; ancient tombs, there are sarcophagus burials, brick tombs, stone tombs, house foundation, large stone tombs, pagodas, and other forms of cultural remains. The ancient books and historical materials contain the following? The ancient historical materials contain the "stone chamber," which is more than ten feet high. The? Watchtower? Architecture, still visible
Jiajiu in the state Jinchuan, Xiaojin, Malcolm, Li County, Heishui and Wenchuan part of the region, as well as Ganzi, Ya'an region, Liangshan Prefecture, etc., living in the Tibetan dialect of the Jiajiu dialect, and to agricultural production of Tibetans, for the Jiajiu Tibetans, Tibetans in the area, said the region of the Tibetans for the? Jampa? (people in the agricultural area). Jiajung? A due to Jamo Murdoch sacred mountain and named, meaning Murdoch sacred mountain around the region.
According to Chinese historical records, the ancient habitat, activities in the southeastern region of the state area along the valley, called? Jia Liang Yi (Jia Liang)? The name of this area is "Jialiangyi" (Jialiang). White Dog Qiang? and the "White Dog Qiang", "White Dog Qiang" and "White Dog Qiang". Gao-neighbors? The Koki? Goki? tribes, which are the indigenous ancestors of this region. In the Tang Dynasty, after integrating with the Tubo immigrants and the garrison, they became Tibetans. Jiajun area before the liberation of the local officials often say that their ancestors from Tibet, Wenchuan County, the territory of the Washi Tusi, Jinchuan County, the territory of the Chosi A Tusi, Ya'an region of Baoxing County territory of the Muping Tusi, etc. have a genealogical record of origin in Tibet. Miscellaneous Valley Tuji, Soma Tuji ancestor is the Tang Dynasty Tubo general Sydan Mou.
"Ando political and religious history" contains: ? Duo Mai north and south of the human race is mostly Tubo Fa Wang (according to: refers to Songtsen Gampo) placed in the Tang-Fan border garrison heirlooms,. In the 5th and 6th centuries A.D., the Jiajung area has few people and households, for the period of the Tsokpa chiefs to dominate. in the early 7th century, Songtsen Gampo, Zanpou of the Tubo united the Tubo, the Jiajung area is also united in the Tubo, the Zanpou's generals to fill the Jiajung local chiefs. Jiajung area in the book "Amdo political and religious history" and speak Tibetan Amdo dialect Tibetans called ? Chako? The reason for this is: ? Historically, the Tubo Zangpo had sent his minister Kopan to come to Gyalwang area to serve as the chief and military general, his official residence was in the north of Songkang, the Tubo royal family in the bulls and official documents called him as? Jiamu Chavajong Kopan? or? Chawajung Kopan? or Chavachungkopan for short. Chako for short. Kopan was a commander who recruited a large number of soldiers from the Zha, one of the four great Tibetan clans, and was in charge of the Tubo's? The eight kingdoms of the Western Mountains.
In ancient times, it was called? Jia Liang Yi? White Dog Qiang? Kokonojin? The Koki. Gogi? etc. Qiang, clan, and Yi? The tribes are actually? All of them are scattered in the mountains and rivers. The indigenous inhabitants of the mountains and rivers. In the period of the ninth generation of Zangpo Bude Gongjia, that is, around the time of Emperor Shundi of the Eastern Han Dynasty (126 years), the primitive religion of the Tubo region was introduced to the state by the Tubo religion, and gradually flourished. Benbao religion, from the Tubo introduced into the state, and gradually flourished, the introduction of the Tubo culture and the influence on the ancient ancestors of the Jiajung Tibetan since the Eastern Han Dynasty, Buddhism is as late as the 8th century Tubo dynasty Chisong Detsen period in the state to develop, due to the long-term influence of the religious culture as the center of the Tubo culture, Buddhism (the early Benbao religion) has gradually become the beliefs of all of the tribes mentioned above, coupled with the large number of immigrants and the military of the Tubo After more than a thousand years of integration, assimilation, and long-term interaction with the Tubo, thus forming today's united Jiajung Tibetan people.