Strategies between players may include applying psychology to predict, or interfere with, the behavior of opponents. The use of confusing language (e.g., "The thick and honest stone, yo, is invincible!") to interfere with your opponent's behavior is permissible.
Mathematically, optimal play (according to game theory) is a random choice, so when psychology is excluded, it's a simple and intuitive game, just like playing with a computer. However, by "optimal" we mean that there is no better way to play than with the desired random probability. However, playing randomly is not necessarily the best way to play if the opponent is not using an "optimal" strategy, but rather some kind of "suboptimal" strategy. In fact, if the opponent is a human or a non-random program, it is almost certain that he is using a "suboptimal" strategy, in which case a better strategy can be devised to address the opponent's weaknesses. The Roshambot computer program, which was designed with this in mind, easily beat human players (even its developer, Perry Friedman, who in August 2001 beat seven opponents, including former World Series of Poker Champion Phil Hellmuth, for an $800 prize). Darse Billings, a poker player at the University of Alberta, has organized a Roshambot program competition in the hope that such activities will lead to the study of these non-random probabilities, as well as their various other applications in computer gaming (e.g., in the game of poker, uncovering speculative opponents' various non-random patterns of card play is an important strategy during the game).
Alice Maclean, 11, came up with an attention-grabbing punch strategy in 2005. Alice Maclean's father, Nicholas, then an employee of Christie's, asked his daughter for some advice on how to divide up valuable antiques in a game called rock-paper-scissors-booth. Nicholas, Alice Maclean's father, was an employee of Christie's at the time and asked his daughter for some advice. According to the press, Alice Maclean's strategy can be summarized in the following rules: "First of all, everyone knows you have to play scissors first. It's too obvious to play rock, scissors can win cloth". Researchers from Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Gongshang University, and the Institute of Theoretical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences published a study (PDF) in which they experimentally discovered a winning strategy for rock-paper-scissors. The researchers recruited 360 students, divided them into six groups, and randomly paired them up to play 300 rounds of rock-paper-scissors, with the student who won each round receiving a small reward of RMB. By observing the strategies used by the students, they discovered the game strategies that the winners or losers were accustomed to using.
Simply put, if you lose your scissors to your opponent's rock, you're more likely to play a cloth that beats the rock in the next round, and if you're the winner, you're more likely to play the same moves in the next round. That's what the researchers summarized as the winner's strategy of keeping things the way they are and the loser's strategy of making changes.
The winning strategy in rock-paper-scissors is that if you're the loser, you switch to a move that beats your opponent in the next round, and if you're the winner, you don't use your original move in the next round. In other words, if you beat your opponent's scissors with rock, then you can't play rock again in the next round, but should play scissors instead, because your opponent will most likely play cloth.
Reactions
Industry supporters say it's interesting and valuable, while opponents say the conclusions are far-fetched.
"Higher societal benefits may be realized"
The paper was made public on Preprint, an open publishing platform for papers. It is worth noting that publication on this platform does not mean that the paper has been published in an international academic journal, as it still needs to undergo rigorous peer review before it can be officially published. The author of the research paper, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Theoretical Physics researcher Zhou Navy politely declined an interview with the reporter, saying that the study is in the process of peer review, in accordance with the practice of the academic community, can not accept interviews. According to his paper, the researcher said the empirical research he did showed that human collective behavior is in conflict with pure mathematical theories such as the concept of Nash equilibrium, and argued that the new strategy may be able to provide players with more chances to win than the Nash equilibrium strategy, and may also achieve higher social benefits.
Opinions
1 "can improve the chances of winning"
Many netizens tried to play rock-paper-scissors with the strategy, but found that "it didn't help", and some questioned why scientists would want to study "rock-paper-scissors", some netizens even think that this is the scientists "idle egg pain".
John Steinberg, a foreign associate professor at Tsinghua University's Institute for Cross-Information Studies, argued that this is not groundbreaking research, but the content itself is interesting and valuable. "If you're playing rock-paper-scissors with someone and your opponent is smart, it seems like the only thing you can do is give scissors, rock and cloth a one-third chance each," he said, adding that based on the content of this study, it is possible to increase one's probability of winning by utilizing the strategies given by the researchers, if the pattern remains the same for most people. "Of course, once your opponent also knows the strategy, then it is completely ineffective." He said.
2 "The model is problematic"
A professor at the School of Mathematical Sciences at Peking University, who asked not to be named, said the study was more of a study of human behavior, thinking inertia, and that mathematical models could only be introduced if the human factor was clear. "People's behavior and style are different in every place, and men and women are likely to be different." It said that the research idea of starting from rock-paper-scissors to study issues such as game theory is possible, but the key is that if a mathematical model is established, various subjective factors such as human habits and psychology need to be reasonably incorporated into the mathematical model before discussion can take place. He believes that from the content of the existing research, the mathematical model it establishes does not completely exclude the independent factors of human beings. "People can't be as cold-blooded as robots, human minds are independent and complex," he said, "Even if the strategy does exist, why is the other person a log? People will also adopt counter-strategies."
3 "Judging Unfairness"
Niels Fehr, a game theory and human behavior research analyst based in Beijing, said that game theory is important research, and that its main issue to break through is how to determine how cognitive biases affect people's decisions. He believes that there is no problem with the study's assumption that people playing rock-paper-scissors have a "cognitive bias" - they tend to repeat their winning strategy. And "cognitive bias" is valuable and relevant from a research perspective, not just in rock-paper-scissors, but in human behavior more broadly: "Beyond rock-paper-scissors, smart marketers will use cognitive bias to influence consumer behavior or manipulate people's feelings. ." He argues that while the study's hypothesis is fine, the study itself doesn't do a good job of testing that hypothesis, and "the conclusions are a bit far-fetched and based on unfair and impractical judgments." The opening ritual of the match before throwing a punch is the shouting of the password ("1-2-3, throw a punch!") ), which is done to synchronize both sides of the match for the purpose of throwing punches at the same time. This can be useful for first-time fighters, as the speed of the chant is usually not yet determined. The default speed of the gag is the faster. This gives the faster player the advantage of controlling the pace of the match, making his opponent spend more energy trying to keep up than concentrating on his moves.
One trick that people who are new to the game usually learn quickly is to try to stay out of the cloth until your opponent thinks you might be able to play a rock. In the extra milliseconds, you can then fine-tune your punch strategy. Letting your opponent think you're going to throw cloth or scissors can have the same effect; however, unless you're able to utilize the double-back tactic, hiding the thought of throwing cloth will most likely trigger a gut feeling that your opponent is going to throw cloth as well. Rock, Paper, Scissors tournaments are occasionally held in different locations. Some tournament websites satirize the websites of other games. The real rock, paper, scissors game is an interesting psychological contest. The strategy of rock, paper, scissors, and cloth is to pick one at random, but humans can't achieve true randomness, so the skill of the game lies in exploiting the non-randomness of the opponents. The fact that some experienced players have reached consecutive tournament finals is proof that skill can affect the outcome of a tournament
In Japan, janken tournaments are often featured on TV variety shows, especially between celebrities. Rock, Paper, Scissors is also used for advertising to get viewers to participate in the game.
International Rock, Paper, Scissors World Championships
Since 2002 the International Rock, Paper, Scissors Association has developed a series of rules for use in international tournaments, and organizes annual international world championships. Many regional and national events are organized throughout the year. The Championships not only attract players from all over the world, but also gain wide international media attention. The International Rock, Paper, Scissors Association events are famous for their large cash prizes, elaborate staging and unique players.
International Rock, Paper, Scissors World Championships Results Since 2002
Year Host City Winner Gender Nationality
2002 Toronto, Ontario, Canada Pete Lovering Male Canada
2003 Canada Toronto, Ontario, Canada Rob Krueger M Canada
2004 Toronto, Ontario, Canada Lee Rammage M Canada
2005 Toronto, Ontario, Canada Andrew Bergel M Canada
The Champions Cup has been televised on the American network Fox Sports Net since 2004. Fox Sports Net) began broadcasting the Cup in 2004.