Anhui culture-ten colorful human landscape-rich and diverse ancient sites
In the 80's in the Hexian Tao store township Wangjia Mountain Longtan Cave has been found teeth, bone fragments and other human fossils **** thirteen, was named "Hexian apes", the age of 28 to 240,000 years ago, and also found a number of animal fossils and bone tools, horns and other cultural relics, and found the remains of the use of fire. At the same time, a number of animal fossils and cultural relics such as bone tools and horns were also found, and the remains of fire were discovered. In Chaohu City, Daishan Township, silver village cave unearthed a mutilated ape fossilized occipital bone, identified the age of 300,000 to 400,000 years ago, and then unearthed a more complete ape maxillary fossil, the age of more than 200,000 years ago, named the "silver mountain apes". A Paleolithic culture site was found in Xiangyang Kiln Factory at the mouth of Shuiyang River in Xuanzhou City, where stone tools were all made by the one-sided impact method, simple and rough, with a large number of large stone tools, gravel stone tools, and chopping stone tools, which differed significantly from the Paleolithic tools in the north. The Shishanzi site, seven and a half kilometers southeast of the city of Suixi County, is an early Neolithic site, and from the large number of pottery shards, the pottery is all clay red pottery with no decoration. The site of Xuejiagang in Yonggang Village, Hetzhen Township, Qianshan County, has found more than one hundred house foundations, ash pits and burials, and unearthed a large number of stone tools, pottery, jade and so on, among which the stone knives are rectangular, flat and thin, with straight and sharp blades, and drilled holes near the back, and the holes of all kinds of knives are different in number, but all of them are in odd numbers, with the most of them having thirteen holes. Pottery to black skin pottery and black pottery, which tile-shaped foot or flat chisel-shaped foot pot-shaped tripod, kettle-shaped tripod with lid, with a bead-like or bamboo-shaped handle of the disk-shaped beans and a single handle with solid feet, etc., is very characteristic of the artifacts. These discoveries show that the Xuejiagang Culture represents a new cultural landscape of the Neolithic Age in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The ancient ridge site, one point and five kilometers east of Shangpai Township in Feidong County, found a large number of pottery and stone production tools, with red pottery as the main pottery, but with an obvious increase in black pottery in the late period. Also found a rectangular house site, is the first time in anhui province found more complete neolithic house site. Chengling Township, Su Song County, Wangwan Village, Chengling County, the eel mouth site, has found seventeen burials, pottery, jade, stone more than one hundred and forty pieces, is an important Neolithic cultural heritage sites. Houjiazhai Site, north of Yuanzhuang Village, Qilitang Township, Dingyuan County, has unearthed a large number of artifacts, with different shapes of symbols etched on the bottom of some pottery. Hanshan County, fifteen kilometers northwest of the city of Dachengdun site, *** divided into five phases, a period equivalent to the middle of the culture of the Da Wenkou, five equivalent to the Western Zhou era, the content is extremely rich, from which you can glimpse some of the characteristics of the culture of the Huaiyi tribe. North of Lingjiatan Village, Huagang Township, Hanshan County, a Neolithic cemetery was discovered, indicating that there was a high level of primitive culture in the area five thousand years ago. The site of Hujia Village in Songjia Village, northwest of Zhentou in Jixi County, has unearthed Neolithic objects such as stone darts and patterned tiles. The site of Hongdun Temple, sixty-three kilometers south of Huoqiu County, has unearthed a large number of cultural remains from the Neolithic Age to the Western Zhou Age, with distinctive local colors. Twenty kilometers east of Bozhou City, on the north bank of the Eddy River, the site of Junyu Tai, is a primitive society village site. The Qingfengling Site on the north bank of Dinggou, thirty-five kilometers southeast of Bozhou City, is also a primitive social and cultural site, with production and living utensils unearthed. Three kilometers northwest of Bozhou City, on the south bank of the Eddy River, Fuzhuang site, the lower part of the Neolithic Dawenkou culture period, the upper part of the Neolithic Longshan culture period, but also has local characteristics. The ancient site of Laoqiudui on the south bank of Liuan River, one kilometer west of Linquan County, has unearthed some production and living utensils of the Neolithic Age. The Niqiuji site, thirty kilometers north of Taihe County, is a Neolithic Yin market site. The Huajia Temple Site in the south of Huajia Temple Village in Xiaoxian County and the Sanshan Jiangmiao Site in the western foot of Sanshan, nine kilometers northeast of the city of Lingbi County, are both Late Neolithic sites. The site of Zhang Sidun in Baize Lake Township, Anqing Temple, spans from the late matrilineal clan commune of 7,000 to 5,000 years ago to the Shang Dynasty. Feidong County, Kanji Township, Dacheng Village, Dacheng head site and Longcheng Township, Cang Village, the big Chendun site, for the Neolithic period to the Yinzhou period of cultural sites, in the latter site was found in the rice grains agglomerates, very valuable for research.
There are also a number of ancient city sites throughout Anhui. Fengyang County, Linhuai Township, two point eight kilometers east of small Bianzhuang have the Spring and Autumn period Zhong ion country old city site, the city site east and west of 360 meters long, north and south of three hundred and eighty meters long, the city wall for the loess rammed, layer thickness of thirty centimeters. Six kilometers north of Lu'an city north township has two ancient city site east and west of each other, only three hundred meters apart, the west city site existing north-south length of four hundred and seventy-one meters, east and west of two hundred and twenty-nine meters wide, about two to five meters thick, under the unearthed relics dating from the Spring and Autumn period to the Han dynasty. Suixi County, thirty-five kilometers southwest of Linxu set Linxu ancient city, was built in the spring and autumn period, the Qin and Han Dynasties to raise the city wall, after the Yuan abandoned, the city site is square, east-west length of one thousand one hundred and fifty meters, north-south width of one thousand four hundred and ninety-nine meters, the city height of seven to fifteen meters, the base of the width of thirty-five to fifty meters, on the width of three to eight meters. During the Warring States period was used as the capital of the state of chu shouchun city site in shouxian suburb, with a total area of twenty-six square kilometers, there are several neatly organized longitudinal and transversal waterways in the city, the urban area is divided into more than ten rectangular area, the city has a clear central axis, the palace area is concentrated in the northern part of the city site. Feidong County, Longcheng Village, Longcheng Township, Qin and Han Joon Thu County city site, the east, west and north of three to four meters high soil ridge, formed after the collapse of the city wall, the south side of the city can be identified as the old city wall site, six hundred meters long and four hundred and twenty meters wide. Hefei City, fifteen kilometers west of the foothills of Jiming Mountain, three Hefei New City ruins, north and south of three hundred and thirty meters long, east and west of two hundred and ten meters wide, by more than ten high mound stretched connected to a rectangle. Huoning County, Wanan Town, the eastern suburb of the ancient city of rocky top, there is the end of the Sui farmers leader Wang Hua's "Wang Wang Palace" site. Shouxian ancient city wall is the only existing ancient city wall of the Song Dynasty, surrounded by a square, a circumference of 7,147 meters, 3.6 to 5.7 meters high, the top width of four to thirteen meters, nearly seven meters thick, brick walls, stone foundation, mortar pad construction. Su Song County, toe phoenix township, white cliffs on the hill there is a castle, built of sheet rock, perimeter of four kilometers, more than ten feet high, is said to have been built at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. Fengyang County, northwest corner of the city of Ming Zhongdu ruins, is one of the largest ruins of the ancient city. Ming Zhongdu original outside, in, inside the three cities, the outer city around twenty-five kilometers, in the city for the Imperial City, around six and a half kilometers, the inner city for the Forbidden City, around three kilometers. Now only part of the original Forbidden City remains more, still exists in the Hall of Heaven, Mandarin Palace, Wuying Hall site, the best preserved Noon Pier, doorway in the white stone Sumeru seat decorated with a variety of animals, floral motifs above the bas-relief carvings, stylized and vivid, fine workmanship, in the country is rare.
Anhui is also distributed around a number of ancient burial sites. In Nanling County, Ge Lin Township, a thousand peaks, Guanzhou two villages on a range of hills, the distribution of the Western Zhou to the Spring and Autumn period of the local indigenous people's burials, flat piles, a pier and a tomb, is now three hundred and twenty excavations, excavated primitive celadon, geometric prints such as hard pottery and other cultural relics, more than forty pieces. In Tunxi airport has also been excavated eight Western Zhou to Spring and Autumn period of the tomb, no grave, no burial, no skeleton, from which a large number of primitive ceramics and printed hard pottery unearthed, as well as bronzes and stone tools. In shucheng county hole set township nine li dun village found in the spring and autumn period tombs, structure for the mound vertical cave, east and west length eight point six meters, north and south width four point four four meters, unearthed burial goods one hundred and eighty-three pieces, including bronze more than one hundred and seventy pieces, to wrong gold inscription "cai hou pass the halberd" of the cai hou halberd and casting more than one hundred and fifty words of the bronze drum seat is the most precious. Shouxian Zhu family set there is a warring states period chu king's tomb, 1933 was excavated, stolen copper, stone, jade about a thousand pieces, 1938 and then by the excavation, stolen copper, stone musical instruments and sacrificial offerings of about one hundred and fifty pieces, now anhui provincial museum has been excavated for the first time in the excavation of cultural relics of seven hundred pieces of other museums have a small number of collections, and some have been lost overseas. Shouxian city found in the west door of a Cai Hou tomb, is a square mound vertical cave tomb, with a tomb, north-south length of 8.45 meters, east-west width of 7.1 meters, unearthed more than five hundred and eighty pieces of copper, pottery, jade, bone, lacquer, gold, and so on, initially deduced that the owner of the tomb for Cai Zhaohou Shen. Changfeng County, Sanhe Township, Xuwa Village, found in the Warring States tomb, covering an area of 5,840 square meters, the foot of the tomb had been found in the carriage pit. Fuyang city outskirts of Luozhuang village found a western Han dynasty tomb, the earth pit vertical cave tomb, the tomb entrance north-south length of 9.2 meters, east-west width of 7.65 meters, the tomb channel width of 4.1 meters, four meters deep, unearthed bamboo and wood slips, as well as astronomical instruments, lacquer, copper, iron, pottery and other more than two hundred and sixty pieces, after the examination of the second generation of Ruyinhouxia Houzao's tomb. Su county herb animal township east tomb on the hill there is a named "nine female tomb" of the eastern han dynasty, the tomb building is divided into four groups, immediately after the canal has two into the tomb door aisle, after a room, the room north of an ear room, and then after the two rooms, which the room four walls have fourteen pictures stone carving, flat bottom ticking, layout symmetry, the content of the songs and dances, banquets and drinks, prayers, The contents are singing, dancing, feasting, praying, traveling with horses and carts, etc. Changfeng County, a small pile of Cai Wei Village, Cai Wei Village, commonly known as "Yuan's lonely pile" of the Eastern Han Dynasty tombs, covering an area of two thousand seven hundred and fifty-six square meters, there are a number of burial mounds. Bozhou City, the southern suburbs of Cao Cao clan cemetery, belonging to the Han and Wei period tombs, has been cleaned up five, unearthed a large number of artifacts, but also found hundreds of bricks. Ming dynasty founder Zhu Yuanzhang parents of the mausoleum is located in fengyang city southwest of seven point five kilometers, known as the royal mausoleum, the original royal city, brick city, soil city three. The Imperial City is seventy-five feet around, two feet high, inside the main hall, the Golden Gate, the left and right hips, the Pavilion of Monuments, the Royal Bridge, the Huabiao, as well as the stone people, stone beasts thirty-six pairs. Brick City around three kilometers, there are with clothing hall, food kitchen, official hall, latticework door, God's kitchen, God's library, drums and other houses hundreds of doors, in addition to the Tianchi, rainbow bridge and so on. Tucheng around fourteen kilometers, within the God Road, the official hall, store hundreds of houses, in addition to the water pass, Huangtang Bridge, down the horse monument and other buildings. Now only survives stone people, stone beasts, as well as the royal tomb monument, the wordless monument.