In the 14th Five-Year Plan and Vision 2035 outlook, the state explicitly proposed to realize the national coordination of basic pension insurance and implement the policy of gradually delaying the statutory retirement age. At present, there is no specific implementation plan or draft for comments.
The gradual delay of the statutory retirement age, in general, is increasing year by year. From the experience of other countries in the world, are through a gradual transition to realize the retirement delay, such as the United States to extend the retirement age to 67 years old, Japan, Singapore will be extended to 70 years old. Generally speaking, China may take 10 to 20 years to extend the statutory retirement age by 5 to 10 years. There used to be a delayed retirement program spread on the Internet, which started in 2022 and ended in 2042, with an annual extension of three months. Take 20 years to extend the statutory retirement age from 55 years old for women and 60 years old for men, retirement to 60 years old for women and 65 years old for men.
But there are two major problems with the delayed retirement program in question:
The first is the current retirement age policy. The current retirement age policy is Document 104 of 1978, "Interim Measures on the Retirement and Retirement of Workers" and "Interim Measures on the Resettlement of Old, Weak, Sick and Disabled Cadres".
The State stipulates that the retirement age is 50 for female workers, 55 for female cadres and 60 for men. Later, the State changed status management into position management, with the retirement age for female management and professional and technical personnel being 55 and for ordinary workers 50. The post setting is determined by the employer.
Female flexible employment, according to the 2001 "on the improvement of urban workers basic pension insurance policy notice of relevant issues", the former Ministry of Labor and Social Security is clear that the age of 55 years of age retirement However, some places, due to the introduction of the retirement age policy earlier, still adhere to the age of 50 years of retirement.
So, when the state promotes the policy of delaying retirement, at least it should unify the retirement policy across the country, especially the retirement age of female flexible employees.
If it is unified and clear that the delayed retirement is promoted at the age of 55 for women, this is equivalent to extending the retirement age of female workers and flexibly employed people in some areas directly from 50 to 55 years old. This delay would not be gradual.
Therefore, when the state promotes the policy of delayed retirement, the rationalization of the relevant policies to be very complex.
Second, the flexible choice of retirement age policy. China's pension finance 50 people forum secretary-general, Renmin University of China professor Dong Kewu said, delayed retirement is a problem that has to be faced, but still should be how to choose the retirement age to the individual better.
In the past, the retirement age policy was to reach the legal retirement age, the labor contract automatically terminated, many workers want to choose to delay retirement can not. Now Guangdong Province has realized the delayed retirement policy, for enterprises with senior titles of female workers to extend the retirement age of 60 years old, but by their own application, the organization department can also be approved by the age of 55 years of age when the voluntary retirement. In this case, it is equivalent to forced enterprises to accept female workers to retire at the age of 60, but I have a better right to choose.
Shandong Province, clear enterprises and institutions of senior experts above the deputy senior level, to determine the work needs of the body, to be able to adhere to the normal work and meet the relevant conditions, can not apply in writing to delay the retirement of the employer to study the consent of the employer, reported to the human resources department for approval, the retirement age can be extended up to 65 years of age. Delayed retirement period due to physical health or other reasons lead to incompetent post work, you can apply for retirement, for retirement procedures. Delayed retirement in Shandong Province, there is no difference between the sexes, but the need to enter the unit and the employee *** with the approval.
In fact, like this flexible choice of retirement age policy, can be implemented at any time, and will not produce pressure on society. However, the corresponding supporting should improve the implementation regulations of the Labor Contract Law and other relevant laws and regulations to ensure that the elderly employment after the legal rights and interests.
Delayed retirement policy is a big one of the problem is the wage treatment of elderly workers, currently delayed retirement after 60 years of age in Japan's corporate workers, the average income is only about 60% of the 60 years before the age of 60. According to Japan's 2019 policy to promote the delayed retirement of civil servants, civil servants can only enjoy 70 percent of their pre-retirement salary package through conditions such as shorter working hours. In fact, this vision, for the current wage management system is also a challenge, in the institutions of pay is generally only up, not down, how to improve the relevant wage policy is also a problem.
In addition to these two issues, there is actually the issue of national coordination of basic pension insurance. Now in the national pension insurance system is only realized at the provincial level, if in each place pension insurance contribution base is the same, the same amount of money, but in different places to retire, pension treatment is not the same. Generally speaking, as the wage level of pension calculation is related to the social wage, the more economically developed the region, the higher the pension will receive, and the pension adjustment is increased in the future, the more the pension will be. This situation will lead to more and more people are willing to retire in first-tier cities such as Beijing, Guangzhou and Shenzhen.
So, in the future, the improvement of the policy on the retirement age is not simply a delay in retirement can be summarized, here involves a considerable number of policies and regulations to deal with. I believe that the state will certainly take into account the interests of the majority of the middle and lower income groups.