I. The world's first continent
1. Earth's location: most of Asia is located in the Eastern Hemisphere and the Northern Hemisphere.
2, bordering the ocean: the Arctic Ocean in the north of Asia, the Pacific Ocean in the east, and the Indian Ocean in the south.
3, adjacent continents and demarcation lines: Northwest Asia to the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus Mountains, the Black Sea and the Turkish Straits and the border with Europe; Southwest Asia to the Suez Canal and the border with Africa; south across the sea and Oceania; northeast across the Bering Strait and North America.
4, Asia is the world's largest continent, but also across the widest latitude, the longest distance from east to west.
5, Asia division: according to geographical location will be divided into East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, West Asia, Central Asia, North Asia.
6, China is located in East Asia, East Asia also includes North Korea, South Korea, Japan, Mongolia.
7. China is adjacent to North Asia in the north, West Asia and Central Asia in the west, South Asia in the southwest and Southeast Asia in the south.
Two, terrain and rivers
1, Asia's topographic features: the ground is undulating, high in the middle, surrounded by low; the terrain is complex and varied, to the plateau, mountainous areas.
2, the main rivers and injected into the ocean: Obi River, Yenisei River, Lena River into the Arctic Ocean; the Yellow River, Yangtze River, Mei Gong River into the Pacific Ocean, the Ganges River into the Indian Ocean.
3, river distribution characteristics: most of the rivers originating in the central mountains, plateau, radial flow to the surrounding ocean. The reason is that the terrain in the middle of Asia is high, surrounded by low.
4, lakes: the Caspian Sea ~ ~ the world's largest lake, saltwater lake; Lake Baikal ~ ~ the world's deepest, largest freshwater lake; Dead Sea ~ ~ the lowest point of the world's land.
Three, complex climate
1, climate characteristics: complex and diverse, significant monsoon climate, continental climate is the most widely distributed.
2, climate influences: latitude factors ~ ~ Asia across the tropical, temperate, boreal, the higher the latitude, the lower the temperature; land and sea factors ~ ~ Asia's east, south and north of the three sides of the ocean, precipitation in the east, south, more, central, western less; topographic factors ~ ~ Tibetan Plateau, Pamir Plateau because of the high altitude, the formation of the plateau mountain climate.
3, the main types of climate: tropical rainforest climate, tropical monsoon climate, subtropical monsoon climate, temperate monsoon climate, temperate continental climate, tropical subtropical desert climate, Mediterranean climate, plateau mountain climate, cold climate.
4, temperate continental climate: it is the most widely distributed type of climate in Asia, it covers the central and western parts of Asia, and its climate is characterized by cold and long winters, warm and short summers, and sparse precipitation throughout the year.
5, monsoon climate: mainly distributed in the east and south of Asia, which is characterized by large-scale changes in the direction of the wind with the seasons in a year, precipitation seasonal changes. The shortcomings are prone to droughts and floods.
6, Africa's climate distribution characteristics: the equator as the center, the climate type of north-south symmetrical distribution; to the tropical climate, tropical rainforests, savannah climate is widely distributed.
Human environment
I. The most populous continent
1, in 2000, the world's total population ****6.055 billion, Asia's population of about 3.68 billion, accounting for 61% of the total population, is the most populous continent
2, the world's population of more than 100 million people in the countries: China, India, the United States, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Russia, Japan, Nigeria.
There are six of them in Asia: China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Japan.
3, in addition to Antarctica, the world's continents, the number of people from more to less in order is
Asia, Africa, Europe, Latin America, North America, Oceania, Antarctica
4, in addition to Antarctica, the average rate of population growth in order of natural growth from high to low
Africa, Latin America, Asia, Oceania, North America, Europe,
5, the large population of Asia, to the United States, Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Russia, Japan, Nigeria. 5. Asia's large population puts heavy pressure on resources and the environment.
Japan
1, Japan is an island nation located in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, the territory consists of four large islands such as Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu, as well as thousands of smaller islands and
the surrounding waters, and the capital city is Tokyo.
2, Japan's terrain is mainly mountainous and hilly, with a narrow plain, the highest peak is Mount Fuji, a famous active volcano, Japan is located in
the junction of the Asia-Europe Plate and the Pacific Plate, with many volcanic earthquakes. Transportation is mainly by sea.
3. Japan is located in the middle latitude, the climate is dominated by subtropical monsoon climate and temperate monsoon climate.
4. Japan is rich in water energy resources and has a high forest cover.
5. Japan lacks natural resources and mainly imports raw materials and fuels needed for development.
6. Japan is the only developed country in Asia, with strong scientific and technological strength, and most of its products are sold to the international market, so its economy is highly dependent on foreign countries.
Japan's industrial layout for the seaside type, in order to facilitate the introduction of raw materials, the export of industrial products, reduce transportation costs, reduce costs,
Japan's industry is mainly distributed in the Pacific coast and the Seto Inland Sea coast.
Southeast Asia
I. Location of the Crossroads:
Southeast Asia Scope: the Central and Southern Peninsula and the Malay Archipelago
The Strait of Malacca is an important sea passage: located between the Malay Peninsula and the island of Sumatra, it is an important passage between the Indian Ocean - Pacific Ocean, Asia -Oceania; II. Tropical Climate and Agricultural Production:
Tropical rainforest climate is characterized by: high temperature and heavy rainfall throughout the year; distribution: southern part of the Malay Peninsula and the Malay Archipelago
Tropical monsoon climate is characterized by: high temperature throughout the year, precipitation is concentrated in the rainy season, and the seasonal distribution is not even; distribution: Central and Southern Peninsula and the Northern Malay Peninsula
Agricultural production: rice (Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar is the world's important rice exporter), rubber (Thailand is the world's largest rubber producer), palm oil (Malaysia is the world's largest producer of palm oil), coconut (Malaysia is the world's largest producer, the Philippines is the largest exporter), banana hemp (the Philippines is the largest producer)
Southeast to develop rice production
Southeast to develop rice production
Southeast to develop rice production
Southeast to develop rice production
Southwest to develop rice production
Favorable conditions for the development of rice production in Southeast China: hot and rainy climate, fertile land along the rivers and downstream delta plains with abundant irrigation water, a long history of rice cultivation, and abundant labor.Three, mountains and rivers, longitudinal distribution
Four, the Chinese, the Chinese diaspora is most concentrated in the region:
Ethnicity: most of the yellow
Chinese diaspora is most concentrated in the region
Tourism is rich
India
South Asia's largest country
India's topographic features: three major terrain Distinctions between the three major terrain areas, the northwestern Himalayas, the central Ganges Plain, the southern Deccan Plateau, the vast majority of the territory at an altitude of less than 1,000 meters
Second most populous country: the population has exceeded one billion
Ancient civilization of the world: one of the three major civilizations in Asia
Tropical monsoon climate is dominant: tropical monsoon climate is characterized by high temperatures throughout the year, precipitation is concentrated in the June to September in summer, uneven seasonal distribution of precipitation
Monsoon and precipitation: frequent droughts and floods
Monthly wind direction Impact on precipitation
January Northeasterly winds less, dry season
July Southwesterly winds more, rainy season
Floods and droughts
Changes in southwesterly winds Early coming, late retreating, winds are strong. Come late, retreat early, not enough wind
Crops Distribution Regions Topography Precipitation
Rice Coastal areas of the Northeastern Peninsula Plains More
Wheat Northwestern part of the Deccan Plateau Upper Ganges Plateau, mountains Less
World's leading agricultural nations
Traditional industries: Iron and steel
Industry Sectors Centers of Distribution Resource Conditions Summary
Industry Sectors Distribution Centers of Distribution Resource Conditions Summary
Industry Sectors: Iron and steel industry p>
Iron and Steel Industry Kolkata Coal, Iron, Manganese
Cotton Textile Industry Mumbai, New Delhi, Bangalore Cotton
Linen Textile Industry Kolkata Jute
High-tech industries: atomic energy, aerospace, and computer software are well developed
Industrial centers are all close to the source of raw materials, i.e., the principle of proximity, and such an industrial layout saves freight costs, Reduce costs, so the establishment of factories to be built in the origin of raw materials or close to the consumer market.
Russia
1, Russia is the world's largest country, east-west length of more than 10,000 kilometers, north-south width of about 4,000 kilometers, covering an area of 17,075,400 square meters
kilometers, the territory spans two parts of Asia and Europe. The capital is Moscow.
2. The main terrain of Russia is, from west to east, the East European Plain, the West Siberian Plain, the Central Siberian Plateau, and the East Siberian Mountains.
3. The Volga River in Russia is the longest inland river in the world, and Lake Baikal is the deepest freshwater lake in the world.
4, Russia is located in the middle and high latitudes, the climate is dominated by a temperate continental climate, with long, cold winters and short, warm summers.
The Siberian region in the Asian part of the country is the source of cold air in winter and has a low average annual temperature.
5. Identify the major rivers of Russia on the map: the Ob, the Yenisei, and the Lena. (All flow from south to north into the Arctic Ocean.)
6. Russia is rich in natural resources and has developed heavy industry.
7, Russia's transportation sector is complete, railroads, highways, aviation, inland waterways, sea and pipeline transportation industry is very developed, but the distribution of transportation lines in the European part
and the Asian part of the distribution of the imbalance.
Middle East.
1, in southwestern Asia and northeastern Africa, the Middle East is located in the land of 'three continents and five seas', the three continents refer to Asia, Europe and Africa, and the Caspian Sea is a lake in the five seas. The scope of the Middle East includes West Asia (except Afghanistan) and Egypt in North Africa.
2, is the world's largest oil reserves, production and export of oil in the most areas, mainly in the Persian Gulf and its coastal areas, the oil produced is exported to Western Europe, the United States, Japan, etc.; the Middle East region has a dry climate, the rivers are scarce, lack of water resources. The Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East is the largest peninsula in the world. The Suez Canal is located in Egypt. The tropical desert climate here has led to the water resources here and its scarcity, which has become the fuse of war;
3. The main race in the Middle East is white, most residents believe in Islam, and a small number of residents believe in Christianity, Judaism, and other religions, and Islam, Judaism, and Christianity regard Jerusalem as a holy city.
4. Oil Routes
Route A: Arabian Sea - Indian Ocean - Malacca Strait - South China Sea - South China Sea - South China Sea. -Pacific Ocean -Japan.
Route B: Indian Ocean - Cape of Good Hope - Atlantic Ocean - USA.
Route C: Indian Ocean - Red Sea - Suez Canal - Mediterranean Sea - the Atlantic Ocean - Western European countries.
Western Europe
1. Western Europe is densely populated, with a large number of countries, the vast majority of which are developed countries. Its economy is diversified, with manufacturing-based industries, traditional livestock farming and a thriving tourism industry.
2. The European Union is a regional international organization with strong political and economic ties. Currently *** there are 25 member states, using a unified currency, the euro.
3. London, the capital of Britain, Paris, the capital of France, Rome, the capital of Italy, and Berlin, the capital of Germany.
4, most of the western part of Europe for the northern temperate zone, temperate maritime climate is widespread. The terrain is mainly plains, developed animal husbandry, people call pasture for 'green gold'. The British livestock industry accounts for 70% of all agricultural output. Holland, Denmark is the world's leading dairy livestock country.
5, Europe's western tourist places, Britain's Tower Bridge, the Netherlands windmills, the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France, Spain's bullfighting, Norway's fjord scenery.
Sub-Saharan Africa.
Located between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Cancer. Black people are predominantly, known as the "home of the black race". As a result of long-term colonialist occupation and plunder, most of the countries in the region have formed a "single-commodity economy", exporting low-priced primary products and importing expensive manufactured goods, and are in an unfavorable position in international trade. The natural population growth rate in the region is the highest in the world, and the impact of natural conditions has made food shortages a common problem in the countries of the region. Africa's climate is mainly savannah climate, distribution is characterized by: the equator as the center, the north-south symmetrical distribution.
Exports
Africa Developed countries
Imports
Solution: efforts to develop national industries, committed to the development of diversified agriculture, in order to change the situation of the country's economy dependent on a single commodity.
Australia
1, the countries of the southern hemisphere, three called the "World Museum of Living Fossils", Australia is the world's largest number of sheep and wool exports, known as "riding on the back of the sheep" of the country. Australia is rich in mineral resources, concentrated in the coastal areas, a large proportion of exports, called "sitting on the mine train" of the country. At present, the service industry has become the pillar industry of Australia.
2, sheep are concentrated in the southeast and southwest coastal mixed agriculture belt. Due to the sparsely populated, agricultural and livestock production mechanization, most of the products are exported, exports of wool, wheat, beef. The two animals on the coat of arms are the kangaroo and the emu, and the endemic animals are the koala and the platypus. The capital city of Canberra, the largest industrial center and port city is Sydney, Melbourne is the second largest city.
The United States
1, the United States is located in the continent of North America, consists of 50 states, of which 48 states and the capital city of Washington, D.C., the seat of the District of Columbia,
Additionally, there are two overseas states of Alaska and Hawaii. The main body of the United States (the mainland) is located in the northern temperate zone, Alaska is in the
northern cold zone, and Hawaii is in the tropics.
2. The main part of the United States (the mainland) is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and the Gulf of Mexico to the south.
3, the U.S. terrain is distributed in a north-south column, the Rocky Mountains in the west, the Central Great Plains in the center, and the Appalachian Mountains in the east.
4, the Mississippi River in the United States for the world's fourth-longest river, and Canada's border with the Great Lakes for the world's largest group of freshwater lakes,
Which Lake Superior for the largest freshwater lake.
5. The United States is very advanced in agriculture and industry, and is the most developed country in the world.
6. Agriculture in the United States is characterized by specialization, and a small percentage of the U.S. population is engaged in it, but it is very efficient and productive, and the United States is
the largest exporter of agricultural products in the world. Use the map to memorize the distribution of agricultural belts in the United States. Corn Belt and Dairy Belt
7. U.S. industry is dominated by high-tech industries, and of the three major industrial zones, the Northeast Industrial Zone is dominated by traditional industries, the South Industrial Zone is dominated by aerospace
industries, and the West Industrial Zone is dominated by electronics industries.
8. The developed economy of the United States is based on the massive consumption of global resources and the destruction of the Earth's environment, and is the world's largest resource-consuming and waste-emitting countries. The capital is Washington, D.C., and the largest city, New York.
Brazil
1. Location: Western and Southern Hemispheres; eastern part of South America, east of the Atlantic Ocean. Largest country in South America by area,
2. Capital: Brasilia. The population accounts for half of the total population of South America and is the most populous country in South America.
3. Terrain: plains and plateaus are dominant, Terrain: high in the south and low in the north
a. Amazon Plain: the world's largest plain, where the tropical rainforest is the world's largest existing rainforest area
b. Brazilian Plateau: the world's largest plateau
4. Climate: Tropical Rainforest Climate and Tropical Steppe Climate are dominant. The climate is hot and humid.
5. Rivers: the Amazon River, the world's largest river, and the world's second longest river
7. Language: the folk entertainment of the Brazilian people is the samba, and there is also a carnival every year. Language - Portuguese.
8. Agriculture is an important basic sector of Brazil's national economy. Tropical cash crop varieties, coffee, sugar cane, citrus production ranks first in the world, coffee beans, sugar, citrus juice, soybeans are important export products. Brazil is known as the "Kingdom of Coffee", as long as the coffee plantations are distributed in the southeast.
9. Industry: a. Mainly distributed in the southeast, because ① more ports, convenient transportation. ② more plains along the coast ③ mild and humid climate 4. rich in minerals around. In modern industry, iron and steel, shipbuilding, automobile and aircraft manufacturing have jumped to the ranks of the world's important producers. From a single exporter of agricultural products gradually formed a more complete industrial system
b. has mining, iron and steel, aircraft manufacturing, automobiles, shipbuilding, food and other industrial sectors, is the world's important producer of iron and steel, ships, automobiles and airplanes, industrial output value of the first in South America. Of these, 3/4 of the industry is located in the southeast coastal region.
10. Population and cities: mainly distributed in the southeast coastal region, while the Amazon Plain region is sparsely populated and cities. The capital is Brasilia and the largest city is S?o Paulo. S?o Paulo is the largest winter and night center and city, but also the world's megacities .
11. Crisis in the rainforest: the problem is ① to build large trunk highways, multinational corporations cut down a lot. ② development of the mining industry, the opening of large farms. ③ Reclamation of the poor farmers primitive migration agriculture. As a result, the area of rainforest has been greatly reduced, soil erosion is serious, precious wildlife has been robbed, and the global ecological environment is seriously threatened. Therefore, the world hopes that Brazil will focus on protecting this pristine rainforest.
Antarctic region
1, location: the Antarctic continent south of the Antarctic Circle and the surrounding oceans synthesize the Antarctic continent
2, terrain: the plateau is dominated
3, features: climate characteristics - crack wind, dry, cold. Ice and snow plateau"; mankind's valuable freshwater reservoir;
Antarctic continent is the world's coldest, most frequent blizzards, the strongest wind continent. The distinction between winter and summer; the "white desert" on Earth.
4, pole: pole is south, along the meridian of the rest of the direction of the north, the earth's rotation clockwise.
5, on behalf of the animal: penguins
6, the investigation: China has established the Great Wall Station and Zhongshan Station
Arctic
1, location: the Arctic Circle north of the region, including the Arctic Ocean in the vast majority of the continent, and coastal Asia, Europe, North America, the continent's northernmost and many islands
2, features: Greenland is the largest island on Earth; the Bering Strait
2, features: the Bering Strait
3, the Bering Strait
4, the Bering Strait, the Bering Strait, the Bering Strait, the Bering Strait, the Bering Strait and the Bering Strait. Island; Bering Strait
3, pole: the pole is north, along the meridian of the rest of the direction of the south, the Earth's rotation is counterclockwise rotation.
4, representative animals: polar bears China established the Great Wall Station in February 1985 in Antarctica, and in February 1989 established Zhongshan Station in Antarctica.
Biology midterm exam outline:
1. scientific inquiry
2. structural hierarchy of living organisms
3. organisms and the environment
4. green plants in the biosphere
5. people in the biosphere
6. animal locomotion and behavior
7. organisms, reproduction, development and genetics
8. Diversity of organisms
9. Biotechnology
10. Healthy living
I. Scientific Inquiry
1. Understanding Scientific Inquiry
(1) To experience that scientific inquiry is one of the most important ways for people to acquire scientific knowledge and understand the world.
(2) Realize that asking questions is the basis of scientific inquiry and that solving scientific problems often requires making hypotheses.
(3) Realizes that scientific inquiry can be used to obtain facts and evidence through a variety of means, including observation, experimentation, and investigation.
(4) Realizes that scientific inquiry requires both observation, experimentation, and investigation as well as reasoning and judgment.
(5) To appreciate that scientific inquiry requires proper expression, communication and cooperation.
2. Developing scientific inquiry skills
II. Structural levels of living organisms
1. The cell is the basic unit of life activity
Describe the basic construction and function of the microscope.
Use the microscope and imitate the making of a clinical slide.
Elucidate that the cell is the basic structural-functional unit of life activity.
Explain that single-celled organisms can perform life activities independently.
Distinguish between the major differences in the structure of animal and plant cells.
Describe the important function of the nucleus in biological inheritance.
2. Cell Division and Differentiation to Form Tissues
Describe the basic process of cell division.
Outline that the various tissues of an organism are formed by cell division and differentiation.
Identify several basic tissues of the human body.
Identify several major tissues of plants.
3. Structural Levels of Multicellular Organisms
Describe the structural levels of a green flowering plant body: the structural levels of cells, tissues, organs, and individuals.
Describe the structural hierarchy of the human body: the hierarchy of cells, tissues, organs, systems, and individuals.
(1) The basic structures of a cell are: , and .
(2) What are the major differences in the structure of plant and animal cells?
III. Organisms and the Environment
1. Organisms are dependent on certain environments for their survival
Give an example of water, temperature, air, light, etc. as environmental conditions for the survival of organisms.
Give examples of organisms and organisms that are closely related to each other.
2. Organisms and their environments make up ecosystems
Outline the components of an ecosystem.
List different ecosystems.
Describe food chains and food webs in ecosystems.
Explain that certain harmful substances accumulate through the food chain.
Elucidate that ecosystems have a limited ability to self-regulate.
3. The biosphere is the ****same home for humans and other organisms
Elucidates that the biosphere is the largest ecosystem.
Establish the awareness of protecting the biosphere.
Analyze and discuss biotic and abiotic factors, food chains and food webs, as well as energy flow and material cycling in the biosphere.
IV. Green Plants in the Biosphere
1. Life of a Green Flowering Plant
Describe the conditions and process of seed germination.
Describe the processes of bud development and root growth.
Outline the process of flowering and fruiting.
2. Green Plants Need Water and Inorganic Salts for Life
Describe that green plants need water and inorganic salts for life.
Describe transpiration in green plants.
3. Photosynthesis and Respiration in Green Plants
Elucidate photosynthesis in green plants.
Give examples of the application of the principle of photosynthesis in green plants in production.
Describe respiration in green plants.
Explore the conditions, raw materials and products of photosynthesis.
Relate measures to utilize the principles of plant photosynthesis and respiration in production.
4. Green plants play a major role in the biosphere
Outline that green plants provide food and energy for all living things.
Describe that green plants help maintain the carbon and oxygen balance in the biosphere.
Describe the role of green plants in the biosphere's water cycle.
V. Man in the Biosphere
1. Man gets his food from the environment
State the major nutrients that the human body needs.
Describe the components of the human digestive system.
Outline the process of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
Design a nutritionally sound recipe.
Focus on food safety.
Explore the chemical digestion that occurs in the mouth.
2. Energy Supply for Human Life Activities
Describe the components of the human circulatory system.
Outline the blood circulation.
Describe the components of the human respiratory system.
Outline the process of gas exchange at the human lungs and tissue cells.
Describe that energy comes from the oxidative decomposition of organic matter in cells.
3. Elimination of Metabolic Waste from the Body
Describe the components of the human urinary system.
Outline the process of formation and elimination of urine.
Describe other routes of excretion
4. The human body regulates life activities through the nervous and endocrine systems
Describe the components of the human nervous system.
Outline the basic ways in which the human body is neurally regulated.
Outline that the human body obtains information through sense organs such as the eyes and ears.
Give examples of hormones in the human body that are involved in the regulation of life activities.
5. Man as a Member of the Biosphere
Outline the origin and evolution of man.
Give examples of man's impact on the biosphere.
VI. Animal Locomotion and Behavior
1. Animal Locomotion
List the many and varied forms of animal locomotion.
Explain that animal movement depends on certain structures.
Observe the basic structure of muscles, bones, and joints of a certain vertebrate.
2. Animal Behavior
Distinguish between innate and learned behaviors in animals.
Give examples of social behavior of animals.
VII. REPRODUCTION, DEVELOPMENT AND HEREDITY IN ORGANIZATIONS
1. REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT IN HUMANS
Outline the structure and function of the male reproductive system.
Outline the structure and function of the female reproductive system.
Describe the process of fertilization.
Describe the process of embryonic development.
2. Animal Reproduction and Development
Give examples of the processes of reproduction and development in insects.
Describe the processes of reproduction and development in amphibians.
Describe the processes of reproduction and development in birds.
3. Reproduction in Plants
Explain that DNA is the main genetic material.
Describe the relationship between chromosomes, DNA, and genes.
Give examples of organisms whose traits are controlled by genes.
Explain sex determination in humans.
Identify with eugenics.
Give examples of variation in living things.
Give examples of genetic breeding in practice.
VIII. Diversity of Organisms
1. Diversity of Organisms
Attempt to categorize organisms based on certain characteristics.
Describe the main characteristics of viruses and bacteria and their relationship to human life.
Describe the main characteristics of fungi and their relationship to human life.
Outline the major characteristics of plants (e.g., algae, ferns, seed plants, etc.) and their relationship to human life.
Outline the major characteristics of invertebrate groups (e.g., annelids, arthropods, etc.) and their relationship to human life.
Outline the major characteristics of vertebrate groups (e.g., fish, birds, mammals, etc.) and their relationship to human life.
Focus on the rare plants and animals that are endemic to our country.
Describe the importance of conserving biodiversity.
2. The Origin of Life and Biological Evolution
Describe the process of the origin of life.
Outline the major courses of biological evolution.
Formulate a basic view of biological evolution.
IX. BIOTECHNOLOGY
1. BIOTECHNOLOGY IN EVERYDAY LIFE
Give an example of the role of fermentation technology in food preparation.
Describe the causes of spoilage of food.
Use general methods of food preservation.
2. MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY
State with examples the application of cloning technology.
Give an example of the application of genetic modification technology.
Focus on the impact of developments in biotechnology on the future of mankind.
X. Healthy Living
1. Healthy Passage through Adolescence
Describe the developmental characteristics of adolescence.
Adopt health care habits during puberty.
2. Infectious Diseases and Immunization
Describe the causes of infectious diseases, ways of transmission and preventive measures.
List common parasitic diseases, bacterial infectious diseases (including gonorrhea), and viral infectious diseases (including AIDS).
Describe the rabbit epidemic function of the human body.
Differentiate between specific and non-specific rabies in the human body.
Describe the significance of planned immunization.
3. Major contemporary diseases that threaten human health
Focus on the dangers of cardiovascular disease.
Focus on the dangers of cancer.
4. Alcoholism. The Dangers of Smoking and Drug Use
Explain the dangers of alcoholism to human health.
Describe the dangers of smoking to human health.
Refusing drugs
5. General knowledge of medicine
Name some common drugs and their effects.
Outline the general knowledge of safe drug use.
Use some methods of first aid