Maanshan's bathing culture is a unique water culture, winning by service, in Anhui and even the East China region has a considerable popularity, many Nanjing people use their leisure time, the family to go to experience the unique "water culture" in Maanshan.
Maanshan City, the bathing center is very developed, and compared with other cities in the country is unique. Here on the scale of the bathing center, on the grade, perfect service, health formal, while the price is also very fair, bathing industry to attract more than 5,000 employees, the formation of a unique local characteristics of the "water culture", the popularity of the province and abroad, attracted Jiangsu, Shanghai and other nearby areas of the consumer to go to consumption, see Maanshan's Bathing industry that is not generally developed, but quite prosperous. At the same time also pull the development of local tourism, transportation, catering and other related industries.
Every holiday, Nanjing's private cars are always flocking to the parking lot surrounded by a "water tight". It has become common for Nanjing people to bring their families or friends to Maanshan for leisure. "Please take a bath" has become the mantra of the people of Maanshan to entertain their friends; "to take a bath in Maanshan" is now becoming the leisure fashion of the residents of Nanjing and other cities around Maanshan.
The so-called water culture, that is, the historical development of human society in the process of the accumulation of the formation of how to recognize the water, the use of water, water management, water, water, water appreciation of the material and spiritual wealth of the sum. When it comes to water culture, we have to mention urban water culture. City is the concentration of human civilization, but also create civilization of human beings to live in the residence. Urban construction is an all-encompassing comprehensive system, covering geography, climate, industry, population development strategy and other aspects of economic and cultural factors. No matter how the city develops, water is always the first priority. The role of water on the city is all-round, is also carried out throughout, but summarized roughly so several kinds: First, many cities are born naturally due to the water, and those who are not naturally born of the city in the selection of the location of a large degree of consideration of the role of the water, the water in the birth of the city in the process of directly affecting the style and layout; secondly, human beings live by the water for the city to accumulate a large number of water-related culture, and they finally became part of the city culture; thirdly, human beings live by the water for the city to accumulate a large number of water-related culture, they finally became part of the city culture; thirdly, water and the city of the city of the city of the city of the city of the city of water and the city of water. The third is that the hydrological status of the city determines the environmental status of the city to a great extent.
Water culture plays an important role in the formation and operation of the city.
1 City Creation and Water Culture
1.1 Water Culture in Ancient Chinese Cities The traditional conception of water in ancient China is to regard water as something with spirituality and humanity, and to think that water represents the wisdom of heaven and earth. In the era of water transportation, the connection between cities and economic exchanges mainly relied on rivers. In the Sui and Tang dynasties, the Guangtong Canal, Tongji Canal, Jiangnan Canal and Yongji Canal were built, and finally the Sui and Tang Grand Canal was formed, which became the first canal network communicating with the whole country in the history of China, greatly improving the level of water transportation at that time and strengthening the power of the country.
Ancient cities in the body of water according to the rational cultural requirements can be divided into the following types:
a) sacred: by the emperor yearning for the gods and immortals, the water as the heavenly mountain pool, arranged in the imperial gardens, palaces, such as the South Jiankang Xuanwu Lake, the six are Taiyiquan Pond, the Qing Yuanmingyuan Fuhai.
b)Wisdom: that is, the literati advocated the "wise man happy water", the water as a cultivation of sentiment, and sometimes as a mirror or intentionally make the twists and turns, sometimes listening to the sound of water, sometimes watching fish, watching the lotus; the water surface can be large or small, can be wide or narrow, can be curved can be straight, full of poetic and picturesque, mostly in the gardening.
c)Spirituality: religious or feng shui concepts, such as temples, lotus pond, in the planning of mausoleums, the water body is extremely important spiritual things. The so-called "burial, multiply angry also ......, boundary water stop", is to water (river) as the boundary.
d) macro: borrowing the magnificent scenery of the natural water to accentuate the city or buildings, such as the Kunming Grand View Tower borrowed "500 miles Dianchi run to the bottom of the eye", Yueyang Tower relying on the Dongting Lake, the Yellow Crane Tower relying on the Yangtze River and so on, this macro water culture requires the building abruptly, the momentum is extraordinary [1].
1.2 The water culture of modern Chinese cities The world-renowned urbanist Ilir Shalinen once said: "Let me look at your city, I can say what the residents of this city in the cultural pursuit." His quote profoundly reveals that culture is the soul of the city, the city is the material carrier of culture, is the external embodiment of culture, is a solidified cultural form, what kind of culture there is what kind of city and its echo.
Modern cities, most of which are established and developed on the basis of ancient towns. The development of the city can not be separated from the water, the development of the city also led to the development of water culture. In the process of modern urban construction, people give play to their imagination to create a variety of water-related facilities, landscapes, everywhere. Such as artificial rivers, artificial lakes, rockery waterfalls, artificial fountains, artificial hot springs, waterfront platform and so on. These facilities with the development and construction of modern cities more and more, which is also the pursuit of a more beautiful living environment, a reflection of higher quality requirements. This artificial facilities set of practical and artistic functions in one, for the beautification of the urban environment, garden construction plays an important role. Leaving aside the practical function as the theme of fire, sprinkler irrigation water, people constitute the urban beautification of the environment in the construction of water facilities collectively referred to as urban water features. The traditional *** knowledge is no water is no scenery. Natural water features formed by nature, such as Huangguoshu Waterfall, Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, etc. are gifts from heaven, and are always loved and desired by human beings. People living in the city are especially fond of the water of life, but limited to the conditions of the city, they can only transplant or simply create different forms of water artificially to satisfy the innate tendency of human beings to enjoy water. Natural water features are nothing more than special forms of water, such as rivers, streams, lakes, springs and so on. Therefore, according to the different states of existence of water features and production methods to divide, modern urban water features can be divided into artificial rivers, artificial waterfalls, water curtain movies, fountains, hot springs, artificial wetlands and other categories, these high-tech water treatment into the wisdom of mankind's water features more and more frequently in the modern city, for the urban environment to add a beautiful landscape.
The city's water culture is composed of these natural or man-made water features, but the water features themselves do not have cultural characteristics. The so-called water culture, only when people set up water features with the connotation of cultural ideas or give some kind of cultural category concept. In the miniature transplantation of natural scenery, survival needs is the water culture: in the water treatment, the situation, towards different places, which is the Taoist "Tao law of nature" culture; water features imitation of natural heritage, and endowed with a beautiful and poetic name, this is the accumulation of culture itself; if you can be unique, create a certain style, a certain If you can create a certain style, a certain geographical and cultural characteristics of the structure, it is art and culture. 2 The relationship between urban development and water culture Ancient cities in China relied to a large extent on inland waterways, especially the Grand Canal, which cultivated a large number of famous cities and towns. The Sui and Tang dynasties across the east and west of the Sui and Tang Grand Canal, has bred Chang'an, Luoyang, Bianliang and a number of famous ancient capitals, after the Yuan dynasty across the north and south of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal as a result of communication between Hangzhou, Nanjing, Beijing and other major cities to make it even more prosperous, at the same time in the canal along the route has formed a large number of small and medium-sized cities closely related to the, such as Yangzhou, Huai'an, Xuzhou, Jining, Linqing, Tongzhou, and so on.
Water makes the city vibrant, water shortage makes the city to decline. China's ancient times, there are four famous towns, namely, Jiangxi Jingdezhen on the Changjiang River, the Pearl River Delta, Guangdong Foshan town, the Yangtze River and the Han River at the confluence of Hubei Hankou town and the Canal on the banks of Henan Zhuxian town. Because of the water conditions and the development of water culture, Hankou has long developed into one of the three towns of Wuhan, which is the thoroughfare of nine provinces, and has entered the ranks of China's mega-cities; Foshan Town has developed into the city of Foshan, and has become China's sizable light industry, ceramic bases and foreign trade links; Jingdezhen is famous at home and abroad with the laurel of the "Porcelain Capital"; Zhuxian Town is in the Northern Song Dynasty. Located at the mouth of the canal zone of land and water, the unique geographical position makes it become a flourishing land and water terminals. Later, the canal was blocked for a long time, the water transportation is not good, trade and commerce gradually decline, the city also lost vitality, and became a little-known desolate town [3]. More canonical records of history in Shanghai had a Qinglong harbor, harbor side of a Qinglong town, in the heyday of the Tang and Song dynasties, prosperity was directly comparable to the then Suzhou and Hangzhou, there are 22 bridges, 36 Square, there are 3 pavilions, 7 towers, 13 temples, merchants gathered, the literati convergence. The poet Mei Sheng Yu of Beining wrote a poem called "Tide-watching at Qinglong Sea", which reads: "Hundreds of rivers are inverted and knit together, but soon they return as if they were sucked in by the nose. The old fish have no guards to follow the up and down, and the pavilion to the Cangzhou empty complaints and sobbing. ......" All of this, later with the Qinglong harbor silt and water shortage and annihilation, so far only a few remains for people to visit, thought-provoking.
The development and prosperity of modern cities should also benefit from the development of water culture. "There is a paradise, under the Suzhou-Hangzhou", Hangzhou is famous all over the world, precisely because of the West Lake. However, the beauty of the West Lake is also famous with its water culture is inseparable. From the ancient myths and legends to Su Shi's "to the West Lake than the West Side, thick makeup and light color is always appropriate", the prosperity of the West Lake has always had a deep cultural heritage of water. Nowadays, Hangzhou City is playing the banner of "the city of humanities" and "the city of love", which will bring the humanities of the West Lake into full play. In addition, Hangzhou will be the West Lake as a cultural foundation for redevelopment, the West Lake as a platform to restore the West Lake Expo to attract investment, through cultural and entertainment activities such as fireworks, tea culture festival activities to build the West Lake brand. This is a water culture, good use of water culture is the perfect embodiment. As the same is to make Wuhan people proud of the East Lake, in addition to China's largest lake in the city, the country's first batch of top 4A-level scenic spots, national scenic spots and its area of West Lake in Hangzhou, 6 times these parameters, it seems that people do not think of more, and then produced the "East Lake, West Lake, big, famous," such an assessment. East Lake annual visitor reception is less than 1/10 of the West Lake, tourism revenue is less than 1/6 of the West Lake. wuhan East Lake, although experienced more than 50 years of development and construction, but in the tourist landscape, facilities, transportation and so on there are still many unsatisfactory places. Coupled with the deterioration of water quality, the lake was once filled, the loss of resources and other issues, but also constantly plagued the development of the East Lake. East Lake to develop, in the water culture should be one of its focus.
"Water can carry the boat, also can overturn the boat", water more floods, water less drought, the key to be able to correctly understand water, water, the use of water, the development of water culture. 2 200 years ago, the governor of Shu County, Li Bing, built the Dujiangyan, to ensure that the irrigation of about three million acres of land, so that the Chengdu Plain has become a drought and floods, the "State of Heavenly Palace". "The Dujiangyan is still playing an irreplaceable role, irrigating more than 66.67 million hm2 (more than 10 million mu) of fertile land. The city of Dujiangyan was also established and developed as a result, and today, Mount Qingcheng-Dujiangyan is inscribed on the World Heritage List by the UNESCO Heritage Committee.
Thus, the rise and fall of a city is closely related to water. Have water, and can be scientific and rational use of water, so that the water and the perfect integration of the city, the city can get good development. Throughout history, whether in foreign countries or China, water-rich areas have always been the most prosperous population and economy, the famous Italian Venice Water City is one of the typical. On the other hand, water-scarce areas are significantly less populous and economically powerful than the former.
The development and prosperity of the city will benefit from the development of water culture. However, with the rapid pace of urban development to a high degree of civilization, there are many problems in the construction of water culture. The survival and development of human beings cannot be separated from water resources, and the survival and development of the city is even more dependent on water. The rapid development of the city must not be allowed to build on the destruction of water resources, water culture, it is like drinking hemlock to quench thirst.
In recent years, the development of urban water culture, there are many new scenes. For a city, to vigorously publicize the water culture, improve the whole population of water protection, water awareness, to create the conditions and environment of the residents pro-water, and promote the rational development and utilization of water; actively create a good environment for water culture, prosperity of water culture, water culture, carry out colorful water culture activities, provide excellent water culture facilities to enhance the city's taste and level. To city waters as a stage for a variety of water sports, water tourism, water recreation and other water cultural activities; the existing protection of water cultural facilities such as urban flood control levees to strengthen the protection and maintenance, while combining the city's water culture history and actively build water culture exhibition halls, aquariums, and other new water culture facilities; and actively develop the parks along the riverside, waterfront plaza, the construction of waterfront buildings, water facilities and artifacts, so that the city taste and level. Art sketches, etc., so that water-friendly buildings become one of the city's symbols. All these initiatives are water culture and urban development combined with the perfect embodiment of the city and the city of water culture will play a good role in the development can not be ignored.
Then the Yangtze River Jingjiang embankment, in the protection of Jingzhou, Shashi and other cities at the same time, but also become a bright landscape of these cities. Through the use of urban flood control embankment and setback buffer zone to form a rich level of three-dimensional space in an orderly manner landscape, complete the transition from the river to the urban space and infiltration, to meet the public's demand for water. Wuhan's Hankou river beach, through the strengthening of flood control projects, waterfront landscape creation, so that in the flood season can be effective flood control, weekdays for the public to provide a good place for recreation and entertainment; the former messy, often flooded place has now become Wuhan City, one of the most beautiful scenery [5]!
Shanghai's Imperial City Temple is a long history, people stay in a good place for business travel, such as crucian carp tourists walking on the winding bridge, not only can watch the water, watch fish, watch the lotus, but also can be shopping, leisurely swim in it. Shanghai is launching a "water" as the core of the ancient city of Zhujiajiao will be built into a leisure resort and ecological residential cultural tourism projects.
Located on the shore of Dianshan Lake, Zhujiajiao Town, with a thousand years of history and deep water culture, after the further development of water culture, will be the history of Shanghai's water culture and water townships for thousands of years of characteristic features, ecological environment, human and water harmony in front of the eyes of the visitors to the prototype show. At the same time, the Shanghai Water Bureau also put forward the "development of the Pujiang River driven landscape water system" concept, the core content is echoed in the Huangpu River, Suzhou Creek comprehensive development, urban areas highlighting the water and water culture, suburban highlights natural and ecological, to create a set of landscape, recreation, tourism and other multi-functional as one of the landscape water system. Guangzhou's Liwan Lake, Pantang and the 50s and 60s after the artificial construction of the East Lake, Liuhua Lake, Yuexiu Lake, South Lake, Deer Lake, Yuntai Garden and other water attractions, the lake is not too large, but all the facilities are available, are the embodiment of the combination of water and culture, is a good place for recreation, leisure, quite popular with residents and tourists.
The above water landscape in the country there are still many, they dig the connotation of urban culture and water culture, enhance the overall taste of the city, adjust the layout of tourism development, shaping the image of the international metropolis, all have a positive and far-reaching historical significance.
The development of artificial wetland is playing an increasingly important role in the development of urban water culture. The artificial wetland pond system of Chengdu Living Water Park was completed in early 1998, and the park is a bright pearl in the comprehensive improvement of Funan River in Chengdu, which demonstrates the international advanced artificial wetland system for sewage treatment and Chengdu people's long tradition of water management and high awareness of ecological environmental protection, and is a reflection of the high awareness of the development of the city's water culture. The living water park shows in front of people is such a fact: polluted lifeless "dead water", through the pond bed system of all levels of wetland units and a variety of high and low biological communities *** with the ecosystem, into a vibrant with the vitality of the "living water! "It reflects the real connotation of living water park [6]. Significant ecological and environmental benefits and strong ornamental, and metropolitan landscape gardening construction integration, become a set of ornamental, recreation and sewage treatment in one of the tourist attractions, is the development of water culture and modern science and technology combined with a higher level of application. Moreover, it has a deeper significance to fully utilize and save fresh water resources. Therefore, the Chengdu Living Water Park project was awarded the highest prize of the 12th International "Excellent Waterfront Award" and the "Environmental Design Award" by the International Association for Environmental Design Research and the American "Geocities" magazine in 1998[7]. 4 Conclusion
City and water culture are closely related, but to create a good urban water culture, in addition to water workers need to learn about the history of water and ecological knowledge, and strive to make the combination of urban and water culture as far as possible to do the best possible, the following points can be referred to by the relevant departments.
a) large, medium and small cities should be combined with the city's own size, the natural conditions, economic capacity, technical level, according to their means;
b) according to local conditions, give full play to the water conservancy, art, construction industry workers of ingenuity, the city of water conservancy projects are carefully designed, carefully constructed, so as to achieve both the cultural heritage of the city of water, but not to jeopardize the city and people's life and property safety;
b) according to local conditions, giving full play to water, art, building industry workers of ingenuity, urban water projects carefully designed, carefully constructed, so as to achieve both the cultural heritage of water, but do not endanger the city and people's Life and property safety;
c) especially can not be ignored is that, through extensive publicity to improve the public care of water resources, water conservation awareness, environmental protection departments around the world should fulfill their responsibilities, strict implementation of the "Chinese People's *** and the State of Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law," the violation of the first (light) offender education-based, repeated (heavy) offenders from the strict punishment, so that water can be done to serve mankind, mankind to be Care for water, cherish water, realize the harmony of man and water.