Well-known prophecies, rich sacrifices, and huge wealth collected in the treasure house have all aroused the covet of all forces. In order to compete for the control of Delphi Oracle, three holy wars broke out between Greek city-states from the beginning of the 6th century BC to the end of the 4th century BC.
The first jihad (595 BC? Krysa is the only way to make a pilgrimage from Corinth Bay to Delphi. Those who come to Delphi to ask for the Oracle will first offer sacrifices to Apollo when they arrive in Krysa.
According to legend, Crete sailors were attracted by Apollo, who was transformed into a dolphin, and were chosen as priests of Delphi Temple after sacrificing here. Residents of Krysa took advantage of their superior position to control the road from Haifeng to Anfisa to Delphi and the valley along the river, leaving only the road from Le badia in Beotia to Delphi, and imposing heavy taxes on all pilgrims passing through this place. The people who went to Delphi to ask for the Oracle were very dissatisfied with this, and they turned to the nearby neighbors for help.
Aeschines described this war in his speech "Blog Wu Xifeng". Krysa and Kaigridayi are the most chaotic tribes. They have repeatedly offended the Delphi Temple and obstructed the sacrificial activities there, which is contrary to the purpose of the neighboring alliance. This behavior angered all the members of the neighboring alliance, including your ancestors. It is said that they came to the Oracle, and the gods told them through the Oracle that they should punish these readers in any way. Destroy their cities completely, and the residents of this area will become slaves and dedicate their land to Apollo, themis, Leto and Athena. In the future, they and others are not allowed to farm here, and this land will continue to be barren. No matter the city-state, tribe or individual, as long as they break their vows, they will be cursed by Apollo, themis, Leto and Qi Di Anna. ?
After learning the Oracle, Solon responded positively. He thought that the Greeks should go to Delphi to stop Kresa from reading the Oracle and help the Delphi people to safeguard the glory of the gods.
Finally, the Thessalonians, with the support of their close allies, joined Greece and Athens to declare war on Krysa, and the first jihad broke out.
The war lasted for ten years, but the allies still couldn't break the city of Cressa, so they asked the gods how to win. The priestess Petya replied: You can't occupy or lose this towering city until the waves can wash away my refuge, blue-eyed Anfield, and roar in the sea as deep as wine.
At Solon's suggestion, they offered sacrifices to Apollo in Krysa, so that the waves could touch Apollo's sanctuary. At the same time, the Allies cut off the Plistos River flowing into Kresa, forcing Kresa people to live only by well water and rainwater. Solon put enough black reeds into the source of the river and hit the river again. After drinking the river, Krysa suffered from diarrhea and could not fight any more. The allies thus occupied Cressa. In the name of the gods, they got a large fine from the people of Krysa, and Krysa became the seaport of Delphi.
After the first jihad, Delphi gained the status of an independent city, and the priests of Apollo had more autonomy. Delphi became the second gathering place of the neighborhood alliance, also known as? Delphi Neighborhood Alliance? . This alliance meets twice a year, and its main responsibility is to ensure that pilgrims from all over the world can travel to Delphi unimpeded.
There are 12 members in the alliance, including Eni agnes or European Iron Man, Athenians, Spartans, Thebes, Fokki, Dolops, Malians, Magney West Asians, Thessalys, Pelebians, Roriz and Delphi natives. The member States promise each other that they will not cut off each other's water sources or kill all the residents of each other when they are at war with each other.
The second jihad (449-448 BC) took place in the first Peloponnesian War (460-445 BC). At that time, Athens and Sparta fought fiercely in central Greece. With the support of the Athenians, the Fokiees took control of the Oracle of Delphi. So Delphi invited the Spartans to help them resist the ambition of the Fokiees.
In 449 BC, Spartans launched the second jihad under the banner of restoring the independence of the Oracle. Thucydides wrote? The Spartans took part in the jihad. They occupied the temple of Delphi and returned it to the Delphi people. Immediately after the Athenians retreated, they sent troops, seized the temple and gave it to the Fokki? .
After the first Peloponnesian War, the defeated Athenians did not keep the control of Delphi, and the Oracle of Delphi was controlled by Sparta.
After the Third Jihad (356 BC-346 BC) and the 27-year Peloponnesian War (4365438 BC+0 BC-404 BC), both Sparta and Athens were defeated. Thebes took this opportunity to expand abroad.
In order to resist the hegemonic activities of Thebes, the Fokki people reoccupied the Oracle of Delphi in 356 BC. This behavior of the Fokki people caused strong dissatisfaction among the Greeks. King Philip II of Macedonia thought it was a good opportunity to expand his political influence in Greece, so he launched the third jihad.
The war lasted for ten years, and in order to pay the high commission of mercenaries, the Fokki people sold a lot of wealth plundered from the temple of Delphi.
In 346 BC, the Fokiers were defeated, expelled from Delphi's neighboring alliance, and forced to pay huge reparations; Macedonians took this opportunity to rise. They won the seat of Foukis in Delphi's neighboring alliance and became new members of this pure Greek national alliance.
The outbreak of these three sacred wars is not only to maintain the independence of Apollo refuge in Delphi. Obviously, the ancient Greek politicians at that time had fully realized the great influence of the Delphi Oracle on the social life of the ancient Greeks. As a result, the city-state and the city-state alliance were involved in this behavior. Defend the glory of God? In the outbreak of war. They either occupy or expel, in order to ensure that the Oracle of Delphi can stand on their side, or at least remain neutral as before, and will not publish the Oracle against them because it is in the hands of the hostile party.
In the long struggle, even those who fought for the independence of the Oracle no longer came to Delphi to ask for the Oracle on the important events of the polis. Although the Oracle of Delphi has maintained its position as a religious shrine, it has lost its former glory.
Around 357 BC, Philip II sent messengers to Delphi to ask for the Oracle, but he only hoped that the gods could explain the visions and dreams he saw. It turned out that after he married Olympias, he dreamed that he had printed a lion pattern on his wife's womb. He also saw a snake dish beside sleeping Olympias. Because of these predictions, he sent Chihiro from the metropolis to Delphi to ask for instructions from the Oracle. Apollo asked him to sacrifice to the God Amon, and to keep the highest respect for this God, but one day he would lose an eye, because the snake he saw sleeping with his wife through the door was the incarnation of this God.
Although the Oracle of Delphi has lost its former glory, the wealth stored in the temple treasure house is still coveted by various forces. Not only the Greek city-states, but also Persians, Gauls and Suras plundered a lot of wealth from the temple treasure house as trophies.
In 66 AD, Nero not only transported 500 bronze statues in the temple of Apollo back to Rome, but also tried to plug the rising cracks with corpses, so that the priestesses in the temple completely lost their ability to issue oracles.
Although the situation of the temple improved during the reign of Trajan and Hadrian, it failed to regain its former glory. In 330 AD, Constantine the Great even took away the sacrificial ceremony of Delphi Temple at will. In 392 AD, Theodosius I made Christianity the state religion, forbidding people under Roman rule to believe in paganism, so the Temple of Delphi was closed.