We know that teaching is a purposeful, planned and organized two-way interaction between teachers and students. Therefore, before the implementation of teaching activities, according to the requirements of certain purposes, choosing the correct content, formulating methods and strategies in advance and carefully designing are our first clear tasks-teaching design. In this sense, design and teaching are inseparable, even innate. It's just that this design will show differences because of each teacher's educational concept, knowledge level, quality and ability, experience, teaching conditions and working environment. Secondly, we need to know what the music teaching design includes. The process of music teaching design is a comprehensive process, which mainly includes: determining teaching objectives, understanding students' actual characteristics, selecting and formulating teaching methods and strategies, evaluating and reflecting teaching effects, etc. Furthermore, when designing the music teaching process, we should also consider several factors. In terms of time, there are: the design of school year, semester, unit and class hour. Tasks include: teaching objectives, learning tasks and learning effects. Forms include: teaching methods, teaching means and organizational forms. In terms of conditions, there are: teaching environment, humanistic environment, teaching equipment, technical means and so on. What we are talking about here is the teaching design of music class, which is a specific teaching plan designed by teachers in class hours after preparing lessons, also called teaching plan. It usually includes topic selection, class hours, class hours, learning situation analysis, design ideas, teaching objectives, teaching material analysis, teaching priorities, teaching difficulties, teaching preparation, teaching process, blackboard writing design, teaching reflection and so on. The writing forms of instructional design include detailed cases, simple cases, table formats and manuscript styles. Next, discuss several main contents in classroom teaching design.
First, determine the teaching objectives.
Teaching goal is the starting point and destination of teaching. The teaching goal is the expected learning result of students, that is, the teacher sets the standards that students should reach after learning this course in advance. Therefore, teaching objectives should state students' learning results, not teachers' goals, such as guiding students, cultivating students and cultivating students. Music teaching goal is a system composed of a series of teaching goals of different sizes and levels. It includes the general goal of music course, the teaching goal of semester (or grade), the unit goal and the teaching goal of class, and each subordinate goal is the embodiment of its superior goal. As we all know, the current music curriculum standards stipulate in the form of guidance and instruction: the setting of music curriculum objectives is based on the realization of music curriculum value. Through teaching and various lively music practice activities, we can cultivate students' interest in music, develop students' ability to feel and appreciate music, express and create, improve students' musical cultural literacy, enrich students' emotional experience and cultivate students' noble sentiments. The above curriculum objectives are contained in emotional attitudes and values; Process and method; Knowledge and skills are embodied in three levels.
Now let's pay attention to the teaching objectives of the class, that is, the teaching objectives in the teaching plan design. Its basic characteristics are: concreteness, operability, flexibility of target design and timeliness of target realization. Teaching objectives play a guiding role in teaching design, that is, teachers should consider teaching objectives when choosing and adopting all teaching behaviors, teaching steps, teaching methods and preparations. The following analysis combines class examples:
For example, the definition of the first grade music textbook "Grassland is My Home" is:
1. By learning the basic movements of songs and Mongolian dances, let students feel the characteristics of Mongolian folk songs and Mongolian folk culture and stimulate their interest in China folk music.
2. By listening, perceiving and dancing, students can sing songs accurately, neatly and emotionally, and write their own movements to express music.
Another example is the fourth-grade art textbook of Little Cheerleading Education Science Press, and its teaching objectives are determined as follows:
1, guide students to sing songs with passion and cheerful mood, and educate students to learn to be happy and civilized little cheerleaders.
2. Cultivate students' sense of team and collective honor by learning to sing.
3. Master the singing methods of the weak festival in songs, and cultivate students' musical feeling ability and composing ability.
The above two examples are comprehensive courses focusing on song teaching, which emphasize students' learning achievements, rather than stating teachers' goals, and only play a guiding role in teaching design. Teaching objectives are very important in the whole teaching design. Teachers' unclear teaching objectives will lead to the confusion of the whole teaching process and methods and delay the teaching effect.
Second, state the teaching process.
Teaching process is a process in which students actively master knowledge and ability under the purposeful and planned guidance of teachers to achieve educational goals. Teaching process is the core content of teaching design, which is integrated into the bilateral activities of teachers "teaching" and students "learning". We advocate that teachers state the intention of teaching design in this link and clarify the purpose of teachers' teaching behavior. Different types of music teaching (such as comprehensive class, appreciation class, song class, instrumental class, creative class, etc.). ) there will be different teaching objectives and teaching contents. Teachers' different design intentions will produce different teaching effects. Teaching process is a learning process within a certain period of time, which can be summarized into several stages. Generally, there are links such as organizing teaching, learning new knowledge, consolidating exercises, expanding training and summarizing and sublimating, and the learning content of each link should be infiltrated with teachers' meticulous teaching strategies and methods to ensure the optimization of teaching effect.
Under normal circumstances, students mainly participate in teaching activities with music comprehensive courses or music appreciation courses, and their teaching steps can be roughly summarized as follows:
1, lead-in-stimulate interest and arouse the desire to participate.
2. Expand-provide various participation scenarios, so that students at different levels have the opportunity to participate in the experience.
3, in-depth-teachers and students further exchanges and interactions, thinking has been fully developed.
4. Expansion-through practice, evaluation, summary and other activities, deepen students' emotional experience and subtly influence students' knowledge and skills.
Now let's take a look at the sixth grade art textbook "We Love Peace" by Education Science Press:
Teaching objectives:
1. Watch photos about the war. Students can understand the disasters caused by the war and understand that today's peaceful environment is hard to come by.
2. Learn to sing the song "I Love Peace", feel the artistic conception of the song, and be able to accurately sing the octave that often appears in the song.
Teaching process:
Before class, the teacher creates a situation: draw pigeons with different expressions on the blackboard (make envelopes) and "fly".
First, guide the discovery of the situation
Teacher: There are five pigeons flying on the blackboard. Who can tell us why these pigeons come to our classroom?
Student: Communicate freely and answer questions.
Teacher: Let's see what information this pigeon has brought us.
Second, create a problem situation
1, the first dove of peace envelope:
The students read the question in the envelope: "Do you know the story of the origin of the dove of peace? ……
2. The second dove envelope:
"Please watch a movie clip and a photo, and then talk about what you see and think."
The teacher plays courseware about war scenes. ……
3. The third dove envelope:
Please listen to the song "I love peace". ……
(1) After listening to the song "I Love Peace" for the first time, I felt the emotion and artistic conception of this song and realized the meaning of the lyrics.
Teacher: What impressed you the most?
Student: a.
(2) This is the second paragraph (climax) of this song. Sing a song first.
(3) Singing in the first paragraph.
Show the blackboard, two phrases, compare and sing, and sing the octave well.
(4) collective singing.
(5) song processing.
We live in a peaceful era, and we love peace. We praise peace with songs and ask a girl to open the fourth envelope of the dove of peace.
4. The fourth peace dove envelope.
Teacher: Let the students read Ode to Peace with emotion. ……
Third, self-designed question situation The fifth peace dove envelope
Teacher: The students must want to know, what is written in the envelope of the fifth dove of peace? Then I told my classmates that this was an empty envelope. In the previous activities, students must have a lot of feelings and wishes to express, so please express your feelings in the form of art and put them in the fifth envelope.
Student: Communication. ……
Four: Summary
The dove of peace is the messenger of peace. Wherever it flies, it brings the gospel to the people there. The dove of peace is around us, and we love peace.
When designing the teaching process of this class, the teacher skillfully used situational teaching to design questions in the envelope of the dove of peace. Students unconsciously mastered the knowledge and ability, constantly explored new knowledge with interest and questions, and finally pushed the fifth empty envelope to the climax of this class. Emotional experience, emotional entrance, educational essence, endless aftertaste.
Like singing-oriented music teaching, the teaching steps are ever-changing. In terms of reading spectrum knowledge, some people read the spectrum first and then fill in the words, while others fill in the words first and then read the spectrum. Teachers usually choose different teaching processes and methods according to different ages, different students, different schools and different environments.
Teaching process is the unfolding form of teaching activities. Only when the teaching process is optimized can the teaching effect be optimized, which requires our teachers to really play their leading role in the teaching process and choose scientific and effective teaching methods to achieve the teaching objectives.
Third, explore teaching methods.
What is a teaching method? Teaching methods are teaching methods, ways and means adopted by teachers and students to achieve teaching objectives and complete certain teaching tasks in the teaching process. It includes both the methods of teachers "teaching" and students "learning". Therefore, the teaching method covers three aspects:
1. Teaching methods are restricted by teaching objectives and serve teaching objectives and tasks.
2. The subjects of teaching methods are teachers and students, and the objects are their own means.
3. Teaching method is the organic combination of teaching method and learning method, and it is a means of teaching and learning.
Teaching methods are limited in the teaching process, which is an important part of the overall structure of the teaching process and one of the basic elements of teaching. It runs through the whole teaching process and is directly related to the success or failure of teaching work and the level of teaching effect. Teaching methods develop with the appearance of teaching activities. With the implementation of new curriculum standards and new textbooks, the application of new teaching theories and methods, teaching methods will continue to innovate. Any teaching method is always based on a clear teaching goal and serves a certain teaching goal. "The task of classroom teaching is not only to impart some knowledge, but to organically combine knowledge, interest, aesthetics and morality, so that students can fully master knowledge, open their wisdom, cultivate their minds, cultivate noble personality and be nourished by beauty and goodness in a relaxed and happy state of mind." In music teaching, we emphasize the comprehensive application of various teaching methods.