1. PPT presentation topics about traditional Chinese culture
Chinese calligraphy, seal cutting, Chinese knots, Peking Opera masks, shadow puppets, martial arts
- Qin Bricks and Han Tiles , terracotta warriors and horses, peach blossom fans, cloisonne, jade carvings, Chinese lacquerware, red lanterns (palace lanterns, gauze lanterns)
-Woodblock watermarks, oracle bone inscriptions, bells and tripods, Han Dynasty bamboo slips
-Tea, Chinese medicine, the four treasures of the study (Inkstone, brush, rice paper, ink), four great inventions
-Vertical wire-bound books, paper-cutting, kites
-Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, magic weapon, Yin and Yang, Zen, Guanyin Hands, filial piety, paper money
-Musical instruments (flute, erhu, drum, guqin, pipa, etc.)
-Dragon and phoenix patterns (taotie pattern, wishful thinking pattern, thunder pattern, return pattern, Ba pattern pattern), auspicious cloud patterns, Chinese embroidery (embroidery, etc.), phoenix eyes
-Painted pottery, purple clay pots, batik, Chinese porcelain
-Ancient weapons (armor, swords, etc.), Bronze ware
2. Introduce some common sense of ancient culture
Ancient common sense: Which of the following terms means "a close friend with deep friendship" (an irreversible friend), which is called "the age of forty" in ancient times? Refers to (forty years old) Note 5 In ancient times, the term "Cui Zuo" only refers to women (thirteen years old). In ancient times, a 20-year-old boy was called (weak crown). In ancient times, "ding" was originally a kind of (cooking utensil). In ancient times, it was called "according to the picture to search for Ji" "The horse is (good horse). The "elegant thing with sleeves" that ancient literati called "fan" is (fan). The ancient imperial examinations are arranged in order and need to be passed (rural examination, courtyard examination, palace examination) Note 6 The following history books do not belong to the Twenty-Four Histories. (Shi Tong) The theory of the Five Mountains has existed since ancient times, among which Hengshan Mountain is called (Nanyue) Note 7 The "Yang" in ancient geography refers to (mountain south and water north) The "posthumous title" of the ancients refers to (the emperor's place) Special title) The four major arts in ancient my country refer to (chess, piano, painting and calligraphy). What people call "Sanfu" appears in the lunar calendar (June). The following belong to the twelve earthly branches: (noon) Note 8 The ancients used "the six animals are prosperous" Describes the prosperity of the family, among which the six animals refer to (pig, horse, cattle, sheep, dog, chicken). Moving to the left refers to (demotion) Note 9. The "humble house" mentioned by the ancients refers to (one's own house). The four books in the "Four Books and Five Classics" are (The Analects of Confucius) Mencius Zhongyong University) After the construction of the Great Wall, the "Guan" in the saying "inside and outside the pass" refers to (Shanhaiguan). The ancient "Shangyuan Festival" refers to (Lantern Festival) Note 10 The ancient "Double Ninth Festival" refers to (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month) Double Ninth Festival What I drank was (chrysanthemum wine). The ancient saying "Xinruan" refers to (money). The time from 1:00 to 3:00 in the morning was called (Bing night) in ancient times. The second watch in ancient times was equivalent to the current time (1-3 o'clock) in our country. In ancient times, which of the following time periods refers to the current 19:00-21:00 (dusk) Chinese lunar calendar calls the first day of each month (hui day) Craftsmanship Architecture Which of the following is one of the basic colors in the ancient famous "Tang Sancai" craft (white) my country What was called "thousand-year ice" in ancient times was (crystal) what was called "lucky gold" in ancient my country was (bronze) what was called white jade was (well) what was called "the originator of the construction industry" in our country was (Luban) the ancients packed saltpeter It was lit in a bamboo tube to produce gunpowder firecrackers, which were originally used (to drive away plagues, suppress demons and avoid evil). Sun Simiao, a famous doctor in the Tang Dynasty, had made outstanding contributions to one of the four major firecrackers (gunpowder). The "water drainage" function invented during the Eastern Han Dynasty It lies in (improving the quality of iron smelting). The earliest handicraft is (porcelain). The famous "Zhaozhou Bridge" is located in (Hebei Province).
3. What are the ppt forms of Chinese traditional culture?
In China, the word "culture" has existed since ancient times.
The original meaning of "wen" refers to various interlaced textures, which means decoration and articles. "Shuowen Jiezi" states: "Wen is also a wrong painting, and it is like a cross-text."
It extends to various symbols including language and characters, as well as cultural relics, regulations, etiquette systems, etc. The original meaning of "Hua" is change, generation, creation. The so-called "transformation of all things" has its extended meaning of transformation, education, cultivation, etc.
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These concepts of “culture” in ancient China basically belong to the category of spiritual civilization, often corresponding to “force”, “martial arts” and “barbarism”. They themselves contain a kind of positive idealism. Color reflects the "yin" and "soft" aspects of statecraft, and has both political content and ethical significance. Secondly, in ancient times, this word was largely used as a verb, a way to govern society. Methods and ideas are opposed to military conquest, but they are also related to and complementary to each other. The so-called "rituals first, then soldiers"
Some also include traditional culture such as snacks and customs.
4. Knowledge of ancient titles
Ancient titles of Tang Dynasty: The emperor called himself: "I"
In addition, sometimes he also used "I" or "I" to address others. Emperor: In the Tang Dynasty, the emperor was often called "sage". As for the romantic emperor like Emperor Ming of Tang, those close to him called him "Sanlang". The queen called herself: When the empress dowager issued an order, she called herself "yu". When she met with the ministers in the reception hall, Then the concubine calls herself "I", and often uses "I". The concubine calls herself: "I am a concubine, etc." on formal occasions, (note that it is not a concubine), but usually uses "I" or "我". The princess calls herself: to the emperor, She also calls him "I" or "我". The emperor's name for his son: if you are more intimate, you can call him by his nickname. At ordinary times, you can call him by his first name or rank, such as Jiulang. When the crown prince calls himself: he usually uses "I" or "I" more often. "I", in addition to the emperor or empress, you can use "sonchen", and you can use "little king" to the servants. The prince is often called "Langjun" by the people around him; the kings are called "wangye". Ordinary people: In dramas, husbands and wives are often referred to as "husband" and "lady". In fact, this was a very big mistake in the Tang and Song dynasties! Basically, men and women can greet each other, regardless of whether they are acquaintances or not. Called "Niangzi", younger ones can be called "Little Niangzi".
"Niangzi" here does not mean wife. You can use the word "Mr. Gong" boldly, and it is strictly forbidden to use it casually! , only the prime minister is called "Xianggong"
Elders will also call young people "Lang" or "Langjun", and they usually call familiar men by their surname plus their line number or at the end. "Lang" is used to address women; women are usually addressed by their surname plus "Mother". The emperor of the Song Dynasty called himself: "I".
In addition, sometimes "I" or "I" was used. "I" is used when others call the emperor: In the Song Dynasty, the emperor was often called "guanjia". The queen called herself: when the empress dowager gave orders, she called herself "yu". When meeting officials in the palace, she called "wu". She often also used "I". "I" The concubine's self-proclaimed title: "Concubine, etc." or "Concubine" is used on formal occasions, but "I" or "I" is used in ordinary times. The emperor's address to the queen mother, empress and concubines: The emperor calls the queen mother (mother) "empress" ", the emperor called the queen "sage" (this should be distinguished from the "sage" of the Tang Dynasty), the emperor called the concubine "mother", the princess called herself: to the emperor, she also called "I" or "I" the emperor's name for his son : If you are more intimate, you can call him by his nickname. In normal times, you can call him by his name and add something like: Huan'er, Gou'er, etc.
The emperor's name for the princess: if you are more intimate, you can call her by her nickname, or you can call her by her name or title. The crown prince and the princes call themselves: "I" or "I" are usually used more often. In addition, when addressing the emperor or queen, "son minister" can be used, and when referring to servants, "little king" can be used.
The kings are called "Princes". The emperor usually calls his brothers according to their ranking, such as "eldest brother", "ninth brother" and so on.
The same is true between the prince and the princess, or between the emperor's brother and sister. For example, Emperor Gaozong Zhao Gou called Emperor Roufu "Twenty Sister", and Roufu called Zhao Gou "Nineth Brother". Zhao Gou had already ascended the throne at that time.
The eunuchs called the emperor, queen and others: "little" or "little people", they were not "slaves" of the Qing Dynasty.
Ordinary people: In dramas, there are often terms such as "husband-in-law" and "wife" between husband and wife. In fact, this was a very big mistake in the Tang and Song dynasties! Basically, when a man greets a woman, whether they are acquaintances or not, they can all call them "ladies", and younger ones can call them "little ladies".
"Niangzi" here does not mean wife, you can use it boldly. It is worth noting that you cannot use the title "Miss" casually. Unfortunately, as early as the Song Dynasty, the meaning of "Miss" was "***".
It is strictly forbidden to use the word "Xiangong" casually! In the Song Dynasty, in a narrow sense, it was still limited to the honorific title for the prime minister, but in fact, it could also be used as an honorific title for general high-ranking officials. For example, Yue Fei was called "Xiangong". During the Tang and Song Dynasties, rankings were particularly popular and were even as important as surnames, given names, and characters. Some lower-class people only had surnames and rankings, but no names, let alone characters.
So many times people are called by their surname plus ranking, such as Yan Xiaoyi, or Brother Xiaoyi, etc. It should be noted that at that time, calling others "hanzi" or "old man" contained considerable contempt.
A brief explanation of the vocabulary of the Song and Jin Dynasties Nei Ming Fu: In the Song Dynasty, concubines and concubines in the palace were called Nei Ming Fu. Waifu: The mother-in-law, wife, etc. of officials in the Song Dynasty. They were given titles based on their official positions, such as Lady of the Country, Lady of the County, etc.
Bottom: of. Official: Emperor.
Saint: Queen. Empress: Queen Mother.
Lady: concubine. Pavilion and pavilion points: the residences of Song palace concubines.
Coal: Coal. Group training: The abbreviation of group training.
Utility: A high-ranking sergeant in the Song Army. In the Song Dynasty, sergeants were generally required to have tattoos, but utility was often exempted from tattoos. Bo Jin: Jurchen vocabulary, official.
Tumu: Jurchen vocabulary, a unit of the Jin Army, with a full strength of 10,000 people. Te Mu Bo Jin: Commander of ten thousand men.
Meng'an: Jurchen Vocabulary, a unit of the Jin Army, with a full complement of one thousand people. Meng'an Bojin: Commander of thousands.
Mou Ke: Jurchen vocabulary, a unit of the Jin Army, with a full complement of one hundred people. To defeat the enemy: centurion.
Puchan: Jurchen vocabulary, a unit of the Jin army, with a full complement of fifty people. Pu chaan bo jin: a fifty-year-old captain.
Alixi: Jurchen vocabulary, the follower of the main soldiers in the Jin army. Wabo Lahai: Jurchen vocabulary, knocking to death, this is a popular execution method among Jurchens.
General: translator. Shanman: Jurchen vocabulary, wizard.
Pucha: Jurchen surname. Pei Man: Jurchen surname.
Wulin replied: Jurchen’s surname. Tudan: Jurchen surname.
Xiimao: Jurchen surname. Gulijia: Jurchen surname.
Wen Dun: Jurchen surname. A Dian: Jurchen surname.
Jiagu: Jurchen surname. 9 Nala: Jurchen surname.
Female Xilie: Jurchen surname. Han'er: The Jin Dynasty was called *** in the area formerly ruled by the Liao Dynasty.
Southerners: The Jin Dynasty was called the *** in the areas ruled by the Song Dynasty. Hook: draw.
Dazi: the abbreviation of the bachelor of Zizhengdian. Zhubanzhi: The guards of the emperor of the Song Dynasty were organized into Banhezhi units, collectively called Zhubanzhi.
Jun Rongzhi: One of the band commanders, military band. Command: The Song army's organizational units generally command four hundred or five hundred people.
Siler: boy, young man, young servant. Maid: A hired maid.
Miss: ***. At the beginning of the line: beautiful prostitute.
Zhige: Zhilong Tuge and other abbreviations. Sheren: The abbreviation of Sheren in Zhongshu.
Observation: The abbreviation of observation. Compilation: Abbreviation of Secret Pavilion Compilation.
Dispatch: Song Dynasty official.
5. All titles in ancient China
Complete collection of titles in ancient China (1) Commonly used honorific titles directly include: "Ru, Er, Zi, Er, Gong, Jun", etc.
(2) Those who use nouns as honorifics include: "Sir, my son"; use the place where the other party is or the people under his subordinates to represent the other party, such as "Your Majesty, Your Majesty, Your Excellency, Deacon, Left and Right", etc.; Address each other respectfully by official status, such as "king, doctor, general, son", etc. (3) The adjectives used to address include: honorable man, honorable brother, honorable driver, honorable wife; good brother, good wife; dear brother, dear brother; noble body, noble surname, noble Geng; noble friend, noble relative, noble neighbor, noble opinion; Great gift, great work, great honor.
2. Modesty title: Modesty title is a self-proclaimed modesty. It is divided into two types: one is: "I", which is divided into four categories: one is to use one's own surname or first name to express humility. Use name. The second category is to use "chen, servant, so-and-so, villain" to refer to oneself as an apology.
The third category is that women often use "concubine, maid, slave, slave" to express their apology. The fourth category is that monarchs often use "little people, no boss, and solitary" to express humility.
The second is to address people related to oneself, which are divided into three types: one is to use adjectives to modify them to show humility. Common ones are: foolish brother, foolish brother, foolish opinion, foolish intention; our country, our country Yi; humble body, humble body, humble breath (calling one's son in front of the emperor), humble wife; daughter, son, trumpet. A humble minister; a humble official.
The second is to use verbs to modify the expression of humility. Common ones are: to think secretly, to think secretly, to hear secretly; to fuwei (lying on the ground thinking, used when the subordinates are talking to the superiors or when the juniors are stating their thoughts to the elders) , Fuwen. The third is to use nouns to show humility.
To humbly refer to one's brother in front of others, use "家". "Father of the family, king of the family, respect of the family, and strictness of the family" can all be used to refer to one's father; "mother of the family, loving kindness to the family" can be used to refer to one's mother. "Brother" refers to one's elder brother. When addressing relatives who are younger or lower in seniority than yourself in front of others, use "She". "She's brother" refers to your younger brother, and "She's nephew" refers to your nephews.
"家" and "家" can both be translated as "mine". 3. Other titles: Call yourself in front of others.
The emperor calls himself "the humble man", the old calls himself "the old man", the young calls himself "the younger brother" in front of the elders, the monk calls himself "the poor Taoist and the poor monk", and the ordinary people call themselves "the humble". All modesty is self-proclaimed.
He calls others names. For example, the women who accompany the bride are called "bridesmaids", aristocratic women are called "ladies", "madam" was called the wives of princes in ancient times, and later it was used to address ordinary people's wives respectfully. Old men are called "old husband", and young men are called "Lang Jun".
Honorific titles are all other names. A derogatory name is to call others in a contemptuous tone, such as "a bastard, a boy, a naughty person."
Proper names are certain conventional titles. For example, the person who chops wood is called "woodcutter", the boatman is called "zhouzi", and the outstanding figures of the country are called "guoshi".
Pronunciation is the use of other titles to replace the original title. For example, "heroine" is used to refer to a woman, "liyuan" is used to refer to a theater troupe, and "actor" is used to refer to a comedian. Metaphoric pronouns are rhetorical metonymy devices.
A customary name is to refer to someone by a conventional and customary title. For example, "Laozi and Zhuangzi" refers to Laozi (Li Er) and Zhuangzi (Zhuangzhou) and their theories, and "Jiaohandaoshou" refers to Mengjiao and Jiadao.
Titles for people of different ages: a newborn is called a baby, and a person under one year old is called a swaddling boy. 2 to 3 years old are called children.
A girl is called a 7-year-old girl. A 7-year-old boy is called Shaonian.
Children under 10 years old are called yellow mouth. The age of 13 to 15 is called the age of dancing spoon.
The age of 15 to 20 is called the year of the dancing elephant. When a girl turns 12, she is called the golden hairpin year.
A girl is called her cardamom age when she is 13 years old. When a girl is 15 years old, she is called a girl with hairpins.
The age of 16 is called the Jasper Year; the age of 20 is called the Peach and Plum Year. The age of 24 is called the year of flowers and letters; when a woman gets married, it is called the year of plum blossoms.
A 20-year-old man is called a weak crown. 30 years old is called the age of establishment.
The age of 40 is said to be the age of no doubt. The age of 50 is called the age of destiny.
The age of 60 is called the age of sixty or the age of ears. 70 years old is called the age of seventy.
The age of 80 is called the year of the Zang Dynasty. People aged between 80 and 90 are called octogenarians.
Happy 100th year.
In addition, childhood is called Zongjiao or Chuibi, teenagers are called Bunfa, women waiting to be married are called Tai Nian or Tai Zi, old age is called Haoshou or Baishou, long-lived old people are called Huangfa, etc.
Social terms and titles for making friends: "I've been waiting for you for a long time" when meeting for the first time; "Kingwai" when waiting for a guest; "Huishu" when receiving a letter from the other party; "Excuse me" when asking for help; "Please" when asking someone to do something. ; Use "enlightenment" to ask someone for advice; use "high opinion" to praise someone's opinion; use "forgiveness" to ask for forgiveness; use "longevity" to ask about the age of an elderly person; use "come" when a guest comes; use "farewell" to say goodbye to someone; use "to see others" "Visit"; to ask someone not to send you something, use "stay"; to trouble others, say "bother"; to ask for convenience, say "borrow light"; to ask for advice, say "ask"; to welcome purchases, say "visit"; to say "long no see" after not seeing each other for a long time; If you leave first in the middle of the journey, use "loss compensation"; if you give away a work, use "xiuzheng". Polite titles among relatives and friends: parents are called Gaotang, Chunxuan, parents, and knees.
Parents are called father, family strict; mother, family loving. After the death of his father, he said: "Xianfu, Xianyan, Xiankao".
After the death of the mother, she is called: late mother, first loving-kindness, and first heir. Brothers and sisters call themselves brother, brother, sister, or sister.
Brothers are called Kunzhong and Sizu. Husband and wife are called husband and wife, spouse, and partner.
The names of deceased peers are: deceased brother, deceased brother, deceased sister, deceased wife. Other people's parents call them: Your Majesty, Your Majesty.
Although brothers and sisters are called: brother and sister. Although a person's children are called: son and daughter.
The wife’s father is called: father-in-law, father-in-law, Taishan. Other people's families are called: Fushang, Zunfu.
The name of my family: Humble House, House, and Thatched Cottage. Men and women are collectively called: men are called men, and women are called women.
When one of the spouses dies, it is said to be widowed. The teacher is called: mentor, master.
Student name: disciple, career. The school said: Hanchuang, Chicken Window.
Classmates are called classmates. A small collection of ancient age appellation: 褓蓓: less than one year old.
Children: Two to three years old. The first and sixth years: a girl is seven years old.
The beginning of the year: the boy is eight years old. Total angle: a general term for childhood.
The year of hanging bun: refers to children. Huangkou: Under ten years old.
Kindergarten: Ten years old. Golden Hairpin Year: The girl is 12 years old.
Cardamom Years: The woman is 13 years old. Zhixue: 15 years old.
Hairpin: The woman is 15 years old. The age of jasper and the age of broken melon: woman 16.
Weak crown: 20 years old. Peach and Plum Years: The woman is 20 years old.
Flowery years: The woman is 24 years old. Erli: 30 years old.
Buhuo: 40 years old. Destiny: 50 years old.
The year when you know something wrong: 50 years old. Er Shun, sixty years old: 60 years old.
Ancient age: 70 years old. Old age: 80 or 90 years old.
Qi Yi: a hundred-year-old person.
6. What are the various titles in ancient times?
Since ancient times, our country has called infants, young, young, young, strong, middle-aged and old. There are many names, elegant and interesting.
Under one year old - infancy 2 to 3 years old - child girl 7 years old - senior boy 8 years old - young general term - total angle under 10 years old - yellow mouth 13 to 15 years old ——The Year of the Dancing Spoon, 15 to 20 years old—The Year of the Dancing Elephant, 12 years old (female)—The Year of the Golden Hairpin, 20 years old (male)—The Weak Crown, 13 years old (female)—The Year of the Cardamom, 15 years old (female)— The age of hairpin is 16 years old (female) - the age of broken melon, the age of jasper is 20 years old (female) - the age of peach and plum is 24 years old (female) the age of flower letter is getting married - the age of plum is to 30 years old (female) - Ban Lao Xu Mother is 30 years old (male) - the year of establishment. 40 years old (male) - the age of no confusion, the age of strength. 50 years old - over half a hundred years old, the year of knowing wrong, the year of knowing destiny, the year of taking moxa, the year of great expansion. 60 years old - sixty years old, flat-headed armor, the year of Er Shun, the year of Zang Xiang. 70 years old - the age of ancient times, the year of Zang Kingdom, the year of the cause, the year of Zhizhi. 80 years old - the year of Zang Dynasty between 80 and 90 years old - An old man is 90 years old and a fish is 100 years old - Qi Yi is another name for age in ancient times. It refers to childhood.
The words come from the Book of Songs, such as "Zongjiao's Banquet" in "Shi/Weifeng/Meng", and "Zongjiao Xi" in "Qifeng/Futian".
From now on, childhood will be called "General Corner". Preface to the poem "Rongmu" by Tao Yuanming: "When the president hears the Tao, he has nothing to accomplish."
Chuiyou: refers to childhood. In ancient times, boys had no crowns and their hair drooped, so the term "draped hair" was used to refer to childhood.
Pan Yue's "Ode to the Field": "Being covered with brown ruffles, the hair is always hanging down." Bundled hair: refers to young people.
Generally refers to around 15 years old, when you should learn various skills. "Book of Rites of Da Dai/Bao Fu": "Going to university with your hair tied up is a good way to learn great skills and to practice great ethics."
Ji Hairpin: refers to a 15-year-old woman. The quote comes from "Book of Rites/Nei Principles": "A woman... will have her hair tied every fifteen years."
"Hip" refers to tying hair and using a hairpin to tie it, indicating that it is the age to get married. Waiting years: refers to a woman waiting to be married when she reaches adulthood, also known as "waiting character".
There is a saying in "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty/The Records of Empress Cao" that "the young ones will wait for their years in the country". From now on, the age when a woman is waiting for marriage is called "waiting year".
"Selected Works/Essentials of the Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty and the Empress Yuan of the Yuan Dynasty": "The love has been waiting for the new year, and the golden sound has been vigorous." Weak crown: refers to a man who is 20 years old.
The saying comes from "Book of Rites/Qu Lishang" "Twenty means weak, crown". In ancient times, men held a crown ceremony when they were 20 years old, indicating that they had reached adulthood.
One of the poems in Zuo Si's "Ode to History": "The weak crown plays the role of the soft man, and the outstanding man reads the group of books." Erli: refers to 30 years old.
The phrase comes from "The Analects of Confucius/Wei Zheng" "Standing up at thirty". From now on, the age of thirty will be called the year of "erli".
"Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio/Changqing Monk": "A friend may go to his hometown to pay homage to this person, and see that he is silent and sincere, and he is still young." Buhuo: refers to 40 years old.
A quote from "The Analects of Confucius/Wei Zheng" is "Don't be confused when you are forty." From now on, "Buhuo" will be used as a proxy for the age of 40.
Ying Chu's "Reply to the Korean Constitution": "You are just one step away from being confused." Ai: Refers to 50 years old.
The phrase comes from "Book of Rites/Qu Lishang" "Fifty Days Ai". In old age, the hair is as pale as moxa.
Chapter 37 of "Popular Romance of the Republic of China": "...I am already in my late teens, what else can I be dissatisfied with?" Sixty years old: refers to 60 years old. It is named after the intricately intertwined names of the heavenly stems and earthly branches.
Volume 66 of Ji Yougong's "Chronicles of Tang Poems": "(Zhao Mu) Dazhong Xiantong Zhongxiao Li Changji wrote a short song. He said to the wine: 'Moving sixty flowers with your hands, the circulation is like beads. '." Guxi: refers to 70 years old.
It comes from Du Fu's poem "Qujiang": "Drinking debts are commonplace, but they are rare in seventy years of life." It is also called "Gu Xi".
Haoshou: Refers to old age, also known as "White Head". "Book of the Later Han Dynasty/Biography of Lu Qiang": "Therefore, Duan Ying, the Taiwei, was the most brave man in the world. He was accustomed to border affairs. He bowed his hair and served in the army, and became a great leader."
Yellow hair: refers to a long-lived old man. The words come from the Book of Songs, such as "Huangfa Taibei" in "Shi/Lu Song/Gong".
The old man’s hair turned from white to yellow. Cao Zhi's "Giving the White Horse to Wang Biao": "The king loves the jade body, and everyone enjoys the period of yellow hair."
Tao Yuanming's "Peach Blossom Spring": "The yellow hair hangs down, and he is happy." Fish back: refers to a long-lived old man.
The language comes from the "Book of Songs", such as "Huangtaibei" in "Shi/Daya/Xingwei", "Tai" and "鲐" are common. "Erya/Explanation": "The back of a fish means longevity."
The spots on the old man's body are like the back of a fish. Qi Yi: refers to a hundred years old.
The phrase comes from "Book of Rites/Qu Lishang" "A hundred years is called Qi, Yi". It is said that centenarians should be supported by their descendants.
Su Shi's "Three Poems of Second Rhymes": "You may as well build things everywhere, and you can count the years as the years pass." The first issue of "Reader's Digest" in 1983: The period of soup cakes: babies are born in three dynasties. It is called the "soup cake period".
The words come from Liu Yuxi's "Poetry to Zhang Xu". First degree: refers to the child's first birthday.
The phrase comes from the Qionglin Story of Kindergarten by Cheng Yunsheng, a writer of the Qing Dynasty. Later, birthdays were also generally referred to as "the first time", for example, the sixtieth birthday was called the "sixtieth first time".
馾龀: refers to children. The words come from Volume 1 of "Han Shi Wai Zhuan": "A male is born in August, and his teeth become toothy at the age of eight..."
A girl’s teeth are born in the seventh month, and her teeth become cleft at the age of seven..." The year of the teacher: refers to the child's nine years old. The year of the foreigner: refers to the child's ten years old.
Dancing spoon Zhi Nian: refers to a child who is thirteen years old. The above are all from "Ji".
Po Gua Zhi Nian: refers to a sixteen-year-old woman. This is how the old literati divided the word "gua" into twenty-eight characters to record the year.
"Popular Edition/Women": "Song Xieyou's poem: 'Po Gua has a small waist at his age'. According to the custom, it is wrong for a woman to lose her body and lose her body.
The melon character is broken into 28 characters, which means he is 286 years old. "The year of breaking melon" also means sixty-four years old.
"Popular Edition" also says: "If Lu Yan gave Zhang Bo a poem: 'Success should be achieved in the year of breaking melon', then eighty-eight sixty "Four years old". In the year of marriage, a man takes a woman as his wife, and a woman takes a man as her family, so the "year of marriage" is the year of marriage.
The words come from "Li/Qu Lishang". The year of the Zang family: refers to the age of fifty. The year of the Zang country: refers to the age of seventy.
The year of the Zang Dynasty: eighty. Years. The above titles are all from the "King System".
The lower longevity is: 80 years old.
The upper longevity is the title. From "Zhuangzi"
Sixty years old: one hundred and twenty years old. People are collectively called "seniors", and people over eighty years old are called "dragons".
"Guangyun": "dragon". Bell, bamboo, the old man is like a bamboo branch swaying, without restraint. The "scratched" refers to the running water on the road, which is reversed and blocked, just like the misfortune of people, so it is said. ”
[Ancient term for the ages of men and women] Under one year old – infancy; 2~3 years old – child; 7 years old for girls – 40 years; 8 years old for boys – 40 years; General term for childhood – - General angle; under 10 years old - Huangkou; 13~15 years old - the year of dancing spoons
7. 50 examples of common knowledge in ancient culture
The moon is also called the moon in ancient poetry. The most prominent described object among the natural objects mentioned in the article.
Its nicknames can be divided into: (1) Because the first moon is like a hook, it is called silver hook or jade hook. The moon is like a bow, so it is called jade bow, bow moon.
(3) Because the full moon is like a wheel, a disk, or a mirror, it is called a gold wheel, a jade wheel, a silver disk, a jade disk, a gold mirror, or a jade mirror. (4) Because it is said that there are rabbits and toads in the moon, it is called Silver Rabbit, Jade Rabbit, Golden Toad, Silver Toad, and Toad Palace.
(5) Because it is said that there are laurel trees in the moon, it is called Guiyue. Guilun, Guigong, and Guipo. (6) Because it is said that there are two palaces in the moon, Guanghan and Qingxu, so they are called Guanghan and Qingxu.
(7) Because it is said that the moon drives the palace. (8) Because it is said that Chang'e lives in the middle of the moon, the moon is called Chang'e.
(9) People often compare beautiful women to the moon, so they call it the moon. It is Chanjuan. China is now the abbreviation of the People's Republic of China.
However, in ancient literature, it is an ambiguous phrase and is often used to refer to the Central Plains region.
For example, Mencius's "The Story of Qi Huan and Jin Wen": "He came to China to care for the four barbarians. "Sima Guang's "Battle of Red Cliff": "If the Wu and Yue people can compete with China, it is better to defeat them as soon as possible. "
"Driving Chinese scholars far across the rivers and lakes. " In ancient China, the Huaxia people lived in the Yellow River Basin in the four directions, so it was called "China". Later it was often used to refer to the Central Plains region.
For example, "Three Kingdoms": "It borders China to the east and borders China to the west. Western Region. "Now it has become another name for China.
According to the legend of Kyushu, the nine administrative regions divided into ancient times in my country, the state names are: Ji, Yan, Qing, Xu, Yang, Jing, Yu, Liang, Yong. Later became another name for China.
Lu You's poem says: "I know that everything is futile when I die, but I cannot see the same sadness as all the states." ""On the Passage of Qin" "Prefaces the eight states and dynasties are in the same row." Qin lived in Yongzhou, and adding the eight states is Jiuzhou.
The Central Plains is also called Zhongtu and Zhongzhou.
The Central Plains in a narrow sense refers to the area around present-day Henan Province, and the Central Plains in a broad sense refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River or the entire Yellow River Basin.
For example, "Departure of the Army": "When the prize is awarded, lead the three armies to the north and settle in the Central Plains." Lu You's poem "Showing Children": "On the day when the king's army goes to the north to settle in the Central Plains, he will not forget to tell the old man when he makes family sacrifices."
Refers to the entire Yellow River Basin. Hai Nei Ancient legend says that my country’s territory is surrounded by the sea, so it is called Hai Nei.
Wang Bo's "Du Shaofu's Appointment to Shuzhou": "A bosom friend in the sea is as close as a neighbor to the end of the world." Sima Guang's "Battle of Red Cliff": "There is chaos in the sea, and the general raises troops to Jiangdong."
See the "Overseas" section for the four seas. Refers to the world, the whole country.
For example, Jia Yi's "On the Passage of Qin" "has the meaning of sweeping the world, encompassing the universe, and encompassing the four seas." "The Battle of Chibi": "Then Jingzhou was defeated, and the power spread all over the world."
"Afang Palace Fu": "After the six kings finished, the four seas -." "The Tombstone of Five People": "The four seas are so big, How many people are there? "Liuhe up and down and four directions, generally refers to the world.
For example, "Passing the Qin Dynasty, Lun Kuang acted as supreme and conquered Liuhe", "Then Liuhe was his home, and Di Han was his palace." Li Bai's poem "Ancient Style": "The king of Qin swept Liuhe, how majestic the tiger is! "The Eight Wildernesses. The far-flung places in all directions are still called "the world".
"Guo Qin Lun": "It encompasses the meaning of the four seas and swallows up the heart of the Eight Wildernesses. "Liang Qichao's "Young China Theory": "Throughout the ages, there will be eight shortages. "
Rivers. Many ancient articles specifically refer to the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. For example, "Hongmen Banquet": "Generals fight in Henan, and ministers fight in Hebei. "
"On Passing the Qin Dynasty": "Then practice Huahua City, because the river is a pond. "The Battle of Yao": "The Duke sent Yang Chufu to pursue him and reach the rivers. "
Another example is "The Tomb of the First Tomb in Hangzhou, the River is Wide and Deep" in "The Essay on Sisterhood", where "jiang" refers to the Yangtze River and "river" refers to the canal. The left side of the river is the east of the river.
The ancients regarded the east as the left and the west as the right. "The Heroes Meet Jiang Qianzhong": "Immediately, I sent an order to summon the heroes from Jiangzuo to meet Ziyi. "
Jiangbiao The area south of the Yangtze River. "Battle of Chibi": "Jiangbiao is a hero, and Xian surrenders to him. "
Jiangnan is the general name for the south of the Yangtze River, and the area it refers to varies from time to time. Bai Juyi's poem goes: "Jiangnan is good, and the scenery is familiar to me. "
Wang Anshi's poem goes: "The spring breeze is green again on the south bank of the river. When will the bright moon shine on me again?" "Huaizuo is east of the Huai River.
"Yangzhou Slow" "Huaizuo is the famous capital and the best place in Zhuxi", Yangzhou is east of the Huai River. Shandong, as its name implies, is to the east of the mountain.
However, it should be noted that the "mountain" in "Shandong" can refer to several different mountains such as Mount Wei, Mount Huashan, Mount Taihang, Mount Tai, etc., and the regions they refer to are not the same. Below, Mount Mount is used as the example. The standard "Shandong".
For example, the "Book of Han" once mentioned that "Shandong gave birth to prime ministers, and Shanxi made generals." "Hongmen Banquet" said: "When Pei Gong lived in Shandong, he was greedy for wealth. "
"On Passing the Qin": "The heroes of Shandong then joined forces and destroyed the Qin clan. "Guandong refers to the area east of Hanguguan or Tongguan in ancient times, and refers to the northeastern region east of Shanhaiguan in modern times.
Cao Cao's "Hao Li Xing": "There are righteous men in Guandong who raise troops to fight against the evil. "Refers to the area east of Tongguan.
Guanxi refers to the area west of Hanguguan or Tongguan. "Battle of Chibi": "Ma Chao and Han Sui are still in Guanxi to deal with future troubles. "
Guanzhong refers to different scopes. The ancients used to call the area west of Hangu Pass Guanzhong. "Hongmen Banquet": "Pei Gong wanted to be the king of Guanzhong and made Ziying his prime minister. "
"On Passing the Qin Dynasty": "The First Emperor's heart was that he thought Guanzhong was solid. "The Western Regions were called my country's Xinjiang and its western regions in ancient times.
"Yandang Mountains": "According to the Book of the Western Regions, Arahat Nuojuluo lived in Longqiu, Furong Peak, Yandang Mountains, on the southeast coast of Sinian. "Shuo Mo refers to the desert in the north. It can also be called "Shuo" alone, which refers to the north in general.
"Collecting Herbs": "Shuo Mo is full of peaches and plums. "Mulan Poems": "The new energy spreads to the golden watch, and the cold light shines on the iron clothes." "
Shuoqi refers to the wind from the north. "Lin Jiaotou Fengxue Mountain Temple" "Still coming back against the Shuofeng" refers to the north wind.
Baiyue is also called Baiyue, Zhu Yue. In ancient times, the Yue people lived in various parts of Guangdong and were collectively called Baiyue.
In ancient texts, it often refers to the southern region. "On the Passage of Qin" "take the land of Baiyue from the south", and "Gathering Herbs" "Peach and plum trees from all over the country will be fruitful".
Five Mountains is the general name for the five famous mountains, namely Dongyue Taishan, Xiyue Huashan, Zhongyue Songshan, Beiyue Mount Hengshan, and Nanyue Mount Hengshan. "Sleepwalking Tianmu Yin Liu Farewell": "The five mountains are overwhelming and cover Chicheng."
Gyeonggi The capital and its surrounding areas. "The Anecdotes of Zuo Zhongyi Gong": "The ancestor Zuo Zhongyi studied in Gyeonggi."
Sanfu originally referred to the three officials who governed the Gyeonggi area during the Western Han Dynasty, and later referred to the area under the jurisdiction of these three officials. . "The Biography of Zhang Heng": "Shao Heng was good at literature and traveled in Sanfu."
"Record of Wang Zhongsu's Gong Ao": "The father and daughter married to the wife of an official in Jifu." After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was simply called "Zhang Heng". "auxiliary".
Sanqin refers to the Guanzhong area west of Tongguan. Xiang Yu once destroyed Qin.