(1) Cultural landscape: the formation of cultural landscape, the relationship between cultural landscape and the environment.
(2) Cultural Sources and Cultural Diffusion: cultural sources, the main ways of cultural diffusion and cultural diffusion.
II. Tourism Activities and the Environment
(1) Tourism activities and their roles: characteristics of tourism activities, roles of tourism activities.
(2) Geographic environment and tourism: tourism resources and their characteristics, the value of tourism resources, tourism resources in China, the basic requirements for the appreciation of tourism landscape.
(3) Harmonized development of tourism activities and geographic environment: environmental problems in tourism activities, the scale of tourism activities should be compatible with the carrying capacity of the environment.
Analysis of Key Difficulties
The proposition of culture and cultural landscapes involves human cultural landscapes and historical heritage in many different geographical areas in terms of content, and is closely related to humanities and social disciplines, with a high degree of synthesis. As far as cultural geography is concerned, it can focus on the relationship between cultural landscapes and geographical environment, understand the influence of environmental factors in the formation of cultural landscapes, analyze the various types of cultural origins and cultural diffusion, explain the geographic distribution and dynamic development of culture, pay attention to the information extraction, analysis and judgment of the map of typical cultural landscapes of certain specific geographical areas, distribution maps and information, and combine the theory of cultural geography with the explanations and Explanation.
When reviewing this content, you should also pay attention to understanding the following questions.
I. Spatial diffusion of culture and types of diffusion
1. To understand the meaning of cultural diffusion, a certain kind of cultural thing or phenomenon spreads from one place to another in space as the spatial diffusion of culture, and is passed on from one generation to the next as the cultural inheritance, which together constitute the dissemination of culture:
2. The main body of cultural diffusion is the human being, and the difference between them is that the two are different types of cultural diffusion, and the difference is based on the spatial diffusion of the human being. Read the schematic diagram of the types of cultural diffusion in the textbook to deepen the understanding of the two different types of cultural diffusion. Use the textbook to compare and distinguish the three types of diffusion, and think about what belongs to these three different types of diffusion in addition to the examples cited in the textbook.
3. This section of the cultural diffusion of examples of analysis is a specific proof of the type of cultural diffusion, learning to categorize the examples, and at the same time to pay attention to two points: the first is not a cultural thing or phenomenon diffusion of the form of absolutism, that is, the diffusion of a thing or phenomenon can be both a variety of forms of diffusion; the second is to simplify the complexity of the cultural thing or phenomenon, it is easy to determine the diffusion of the form of it, such as Chinese culture belongs to a complex cultural system, in which the spread of papermaking and printing to the West is a migration diffusion, while the spread of farming technology to Burma through the ethnic minorities is an expansion diffusion.
4. Learning the form of cultural diffusion should also clarify the role of cultural diffusion, without cultural diffusion, there is no cultural development, the popularization and diffusion of many languages and technologies have shown the role of cultural diffusion. The development of media such as radio and television, communication satellites and so on, also has a great role in promoting cultural diffusion.
Second, what is the difference between cultural landscape and cultural phenomenon
One of the important features to distinguish between the two is to see whether they are fixed in spatial location, for example, railroads and trains are cultural elements created by human beings, and since railroads are fixed in spatial location, it is a cultural landscape, while the train is in motion in the nature of its function, therefore, it is not a cultural landscape. In addition, there are many folk activities and cultural activities which are not cultural landscapes but a cultural phenomenon or thing because they do not have fixity in spatial location.
Tourism activities are increasingly important by the rapid increase of its influence in the regional economy. The special characteristics of the development and utilization of tourism resources and the problems of sustainable development, as well as the "holiday economy" and other hot issues are the focus of this unit. The diversity of tourist landscapes involves issues related to history and culture, and the economic laws of tourism development, so it naturally involves multidisciplinary understanding and analysis, and has a high degree of comprehensiveness of the discipline. Tourism activities are characterized by dynamics and routes, involving regional development, inter-regional differences and transportation links, which is also an important material area for synthesis within the discipline of geography.
This section should pay attention to the following two issues
I. Evaluation of the conditions for the development of tourism resources
1. Tourist value: first of all, the quality of the resource (whether it has high aesthetic or historical and cultural value); secondly, the status of the cluster of tourism resources; and thirdly, we should consider the status of the geographical combination of the landscape.
2. Market distance: the size of the economic value of tourism depends largely on their distance from the tourism consumer market - economically developed areas. The longer the economic distance, the lower the demand of tourists for tourist destinations; the development value of tourist resources close to developed areas is better than that far away from developed areas.
3. Transportation location and accessibility: it directly affects its development value.
4. Regional reception capacity: in addition to the development of tourism resources itself, but also to build supporting facilities for tourism activities and improve the quality of service.
5. Environmental carrying capacity of tourism: it refers to the capacity to accommodate tourism activities under certain time conditions and within a certain space. Exceeding the environmental carrying capacity will damage the tourism resources and background environment and deteriorate the tourism environment, and if the carrying capacity is not reached, it may result in a waste of resources.
Two, grasp the distribution of China's important tourism resources
1. natural scenery: the three gorges of the Yangtze River, Guilin landscape, Mount Huangshan, Sun Moon Lake, West Lake, Baitoushan Tianchi, "the end of the world".
2. Ancient cultural and artistic treasures: the Great Wall of China, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the Qin Mausoleum, the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, the Summer Resort, the Longmen Grottoes, the Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang, and the Potala Palace.
3. Revolutionary memorial sites: Guangzhou, Wuhan, Nanjing, Shanghai, Nanchang, Jinggangshan, Zunyi, Yan'an, Beijing.
4. Ethnic customs: Dragon Boat Racing at the Dragon Boat Festival of the Han Chinese, Dragon Lantern Dance at the Lantern Festival, Water Splashing Festival of the Dai people, Naadam Assembly of the Mongolian people, Lusheng Festival of the Miao and Dong people, and Torch Festival of the Yi people.
5. Top Ten Scenic Spots: The Forbidden City in Beijing, the Great Wall at Badaling, the Summer Resort in Chengde, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the Qin Mausoleum, the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, the landscapes of Guilin, the gardens of Suzhou, the West Lake in Hangzhou, the Sun Moon Lake in Taiwan, and the Huangshan Mountains in Anhui Province.
Example Analysis
[Example 1]The following statements are incorrect ( )
A. Tiananmen Square is a cultural landscape
B. Trains are not cultural landscapes, but China's last steam locomotive, which has just been entered into a museum, is a cultural landscape
C. Mount Tai and the Southern Heavenly Gate on the summit of Mount Tai are natural landscapes rather than Cultural Landscape
D. Both physical and spiritual cultural landscapes in a cultural landscape have material manifestations
Analysis: landscapes can be divided into two categories: natural landscapes and cultural landscapes. The former is the original things in nature, rarely affected by human direct influence or not affected by human; the latter refers to in order to meet certain needs, the use of natural materials to create, and attached to the natural landscape on the form of human activities. Tiananmen Square is the product of human production, life and spiritual activities, belongs to the cultural landscape; train because it is a movement, so it does not belong to the cultural landscape, and China's last steam locomotive put into the museum, the locomotive is no longer used as a tool for movement, but as a reflection of human use of natural material elements to transform, and attached to the natural landscape, belongs to the cultural landscape; Mount Tai is a natural landscape, and the Nantianmen is an ancient building created by humans and attached to the top of Mount Tai, it belongs to the cultural landscape.
Answer: C
[Example 2]Read the following materials and answer the related questions:
The Yellow River Basin was originally a region suitable for agriculture and animal husbandry in history, with the mighty Yellow River crossing east and west, and grasslands, forests, and farmlands intertwined on both sides, and green mountains and waters everywhere. So the Yellow River has become the cradle of our Chinese nation, the rich earth on both sides of the river feeds our yellow children thrive. More than 1,600 cultural sites of Yangshao, Longshan and other Neolithic periods have been found in the Yellow River basin. A large number of unearthed artifacts show that our ancestors have engaged in many famous production and social activities on this fertile land. Written history eloquently illustrates that the Yellow River basin was once the political, economic and cultural center of China's slave and pre-feudal societies, such as Shangqiu, Haojing, Chang'an, Luoyang, Kaifeng, etc., all of which were the capitals of feudal emperors and kings. However, due to our ancestors do not know the ecological balance, with the growing population, consumption of timber, food is increasing, accelerated land reclamation, deforestation, grassland destruction, year after year, seriously damaged the ecological balance of the Yellow River Basin, so that the former fertile land gradually turned into gullies and ravines of loess high slopes. According to incomplete statistics, in a radius of one kilometer of land, the total number of gullies up to more than 300,000, the ground is fragmented, exposed loess, soil erosion is becoming increasingly serious, so that the Yellow River by the cradle of the Chinese nation, turned into the world's largest sand-containing, the most serious water damage to the river.
(1)The main natural condition for the Yellow River Basin to become the source of Chinese culture is _______________, which shows that the creation of the source of culture is closely related to _______________, and according to the classification of the source of culture, the Yellow River Basin belongs to the ____________ source.
(2)Nowadays, the Yellow River Basin has a cultural landscape that is very different from that of history, mainly because of the major changes in the _________ of the land, or the agricultural landscape of the _____________ is obviously different from that of history,
(3)The Yellow River has changed from the cradle of the Chinese nation to the river with the largest sand content and the most serious water damage in the world. Mainly because people do not know ___________ how to accelerate ____________ as ___________ continues to grow, leading to the Yellow River Basin ____________ increasingly serious, which shows that the cultural landscape does not comply with the ____________ law, will inevitably not be able to make full use of _____________ and will have a _____________ have extremely unfavorable effects.
(4) In the slave society and pre-feudal society, Shangqiu, Haojing, Chang'an, Luoyang, Kaifeng, etc. in the Yellow River Basin were the capitals of feudal emperors and kings, and culturally they all belonged to ____________ and were subordinate to the ___________ cultural system.
(5) According to regional distribution, the culture of the Yellow River Basin belongs to the ( )
A. western nomadic cultural region B. eastern agricultural cultural region
C. southwestern ethnic minority agricultural and cultural region D. northern steppe cultural region
(6) The principle of dialectical materialism embedded in the change of cultural landscape in the region is __________.
Analysis: The question involves many knowledge contents such as cultural sources, cultural landscapes and cultural areas; it tests our ability to analyze and compare in relation to reality and to synthesize and generalize the knowledge of geography, history, politics and other subjects. The forest coverage in many areas where the Yellow River flows through, such as Ordos and the Loess Plateau, was above 60% in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods. As a result of human destruction, soil erosion has increased, desertification has expanded, and the physical and cultural landscapes have undergone great changes.
Answers:(1)The Yellow River running east to west, lush vegetation, fertile soil Natural environment Cultural system
(2)Utilization function Function
(3)Eco-balance Population reclamation of land, deforestation, destruction of grassland Soil and water erosion Natural development Natural resources Natural environment
(4)Cultural complex Chinese
(5)B
(6) When people transform the material and cultural landscape (the objective world), they must respect the objective laws and do everything from the practical point of view
[Example 31Read the materials and answer the following questions.
Materials: Xu Xiake in Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, after examining the development of peaks and forests in this area of landforms summarized: "the peaks away from the standing, branching competing for Ying", "majestic thousands of miles, for the southwest of the strange victory". He also pointed out that this "majestic thousands of miles" of karst landforms, is not unchanging, but the provinces have the characteristics of each province: Guangxi's mountains are characterized by "pure stone, there are between the stone, each branch of the unique, not mixed"; Yunnan's mountains, "all earth peaks linger," "all earth peaks linger," "all earth peaks linger," "all earth peaks linger. "are earth peaks around, between the stone, but also ten not one, two, so the ring of pits for more"; Guizhou's mountains, "is bounded between the two, only to force shrugs to see the strange". Also said: Yunnan's mountains, "but more soil, so more congested flow into the sea, and flow more turbid"; Guangxi, "but the stone, so more through the cave of the flow, and the water is clarified"; to Guizhou is "bounded between the two ".