The battle of Tangdao was the earliest large-scale naval battle in China history, also known as the Yellow Sea attack. It was a large-scale naval battle between the Song and Jin Dynasties in the 31st year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1161). As a result of the war, 3, naval divisions in the Southern Song Dynasty, under the leadership of Li Bao, the former subordinate of Yue Fei, defeated many with few, defeated the strong with weak, and wiped out 7, Jin Dynasty naval forces.
6, Jin troops attacked the Song Dynasty in an all-round way, and 7, water troops attacked the sea.
The Song-Jin War began at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty. Due to the partial compromise of the Southern Song Dynasty, in November of the 11th year of Shaoxing (1141), he signed a "Shaoxing Peace Negotiation" with the State of Jin, and then killed Yue Fei, a famous anti-Jin star, on the charge of "unwarranted". However, Jin was not content to cede territory in Song Dynasty and pay tribute to silver silk, but still actively prepared for war in an attempt to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty in the southeast corner of Pian 'an.
At that time, Emperor Yan Hongliang of the Jin Dynasty was the grandson of Jin Taizu Yan Yan Akuta. In the 19th year of Shaoxing (1149), Jin Xizong was killed and made himself emperor. In order to satisfy his strong possessiveness and at the same time transfer his internal dissatisfaction, he was prepared to launch a war to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty after he acceded to the throne. In the 23rd year of Shaoxing (1153), Wan Yanliang moved the capital to Yanjing (present-day Beijing). Soon after, he ordered the construction of Nanjing (present-day Kaifeng), built warships at the same time, and forced the male Ding to be a soldier on a large scale. After everything was ready, Yan Hongliang sent people to forcibly claim the vast land in the Huai-Han region from the Southern Song Dynasty, looking for opportunities to provoke and further create troubles. In the voice of the national military and civilians unanimously demanding resistance to gold, Song Gaozong was forced to order resistance.
in August, Yan Hongliang saw that intimidation failed and formally sent troops to invade the south. The Jin Dynasty's 6, land and water troops advanced in an all-round way on the front battlefield, which started from the sea in the east and reached Shaanxi in the west. Its specific deployment is: the land is divided into west, middle and east roads. West Road, led by Tu Shan Hexi and Zhang Zhongyan, attacked the Great Sanguan Pass from Fengxiang and took Sichuan as a strategic cooperation to contain Song Jun. The middle route, led by Liu Xie and his servant, attacked Jingxiang from Cai Zhou (now Runan, Henan Province), controlled the strategic position in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and covered the main battle from the flank; Wan Yanliang personally led the main force of the East Road out of Shouchun (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province) in an attempt to cross the Huaihe River, cross the Yangtze River and get a glimpse of Lin 'an. On the sea, Su Baoheng and Yan Hong Zheng Jianu led a fleet with 6 warships and 7, sailors to go south along the coast and go straight to Lin 'an. Together with the main force, they formed a four-way pincer attack on the Southern Song Dynasty, and planned to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty in one fell swoop. Wan Yanliang arrogantly declared that it would take as many as a hundred days and as little as a month to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty.
Li Bao was volunteered by Yue Fei, and 3, Song sailors met the enemy at sea.
Faced with the grim situation, the Southern Song Dynasty appointed Wu Lin as the Xuanfu Ambassador of Sichuan, responsible for the defense of Sichuan and Shaanxi. Ordered Cheng Min to lead 3, troops to Wuchang to defend the middle reaches of the Yangtze River; Appoint veteran Liu to shoulder the heavy responsibility of fighting against gold in Jianghuai area. At the current critical moment of the great enemy, Li Bao, who was then the deputy commander-in-chief of the "Ma bu" or horse stance just look army in the west of Zhejiang and led the fleet to defend the coastal defense, volunteered to lead a fleet with only 12 warships and 3, sailors to the north along the coast to meet the Jin Army.
Li Bao was born in Cheng (now Heze, Shandong). Born as a farmer, he values integrity and has courage. In the "Three Dynasties North League", he said that he was "a young rogue, and he was named" Li San ". He once gathered people in Puzhou to resist gold, but after failing, he went south to join Yue Jiajun. Later, he was ordered to sneak back to Shandong to contact the anti-Jin Yijun (very similar to Xin Qiji). In 114, Li Bao cooperated with Yue Fei to launch a counter-offensive, attacking the rear road of the Jin army, opening up the battlefield behind the enemy lines and containing the Jin army. Li Bao also commanded the rebel army under Yue Fei, and made many achievements in fighting with 8 Jin Army. After Yue Fei was killed, he followed Han Shizhong to defend Haizhou (Lianyungang, Jiangsu). At this time, he led the fleet from Pingjiang (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) and went north along the East China Sea to attack the Xu Jin Guo fleet.
The cruel rule of the Nuzhen nobles in the Jin Dynasty over the northern part of China constantly aroused the resistance of the rebel army. In August of the thirty-first year of Shaoxing (1161), Wei Sheng of Suqian took advantage of the opportunity that Jin Jun was about to invade the south, and set out to recover Haizhou (now southwest of Lianyungang, Jiangsu). In order to relieve worries, Yan Hongliang suited tens of thousands to besiege Haizhou. Nomads from the surrounding Haizhou, military camp stretches for dozens of miles. Li Bao led the navy to the shore, drew the land with his sword, and encouraged his morale. He said, "This is not my territory, but it is up to you to fight hard." This place is no longer our country's land. It's up to you to fight or not. Li Bao held Guan personally and went forward. When the enemy struck hard, all the soldiers were equal. Nomads from unexpected, clearance. Wei Sheng went out of the city to meet him, "crying", repaired the ship and rewarded the three armed forces. Li Bao's navy has high morale.
then, Li Bao led the fleet to continue northward. In late October, Li Bao's fleet arrived at Shijiu Mountain (now near Rizhao, Shandong Province), and met hundreds of Jin Dynasty Han sailors who came to defect. They obtained reliable information from them and learned that the Jin Dynasty fleet had sailed out of Haikou and was moored at Tangdao (also known as Chenjiadao, near Lingshanwei, Shandong Province today). It is only more than 15 kilometers away from Shijiu Mountain. Based on this information, Li Bao decided to take the tactics of pre-emptive, surprise and fire to break through the enemy and attack the powerful enemy with a weak fleet. As a result, Li Bao led the fleet to Tangdao quickly, and 3, sailors and soldiers were all gearing up and morale was high.
the Han sailors were inside and outside, and Li Bao attacked the golden soldiers with fire.
It was autumn, and the north wind roared all the time, making Li Bao restless. Cao Yang, the lieutenant, asked for a war against the wind, while Gao Chang, the commander of Yishan County, who was stationed with the army, thought that the enemy was outnumbered and should avoid its sharp edge and wait for action. Cao Yang said: "Although there are many jurchen, many of them are ignorant of water, and they are crowded on the boat. They all sleep with their legs bent, so many people can't make them feel strong. Our army has come a long way here, and the enemy is at present. Can we retreat if we want to? " Li Bao took Cao Yang's advice and decided to stop the 8 Jin Army by taking cover to meet the enemy, suddenly attacking and breaking the enemy with fire. Before the Jin people found out, they sent two lieutenants, Cao Yang and Huang Rui, to land and pray in the temple of Shijiu Mountain for a south wind. As a matter of fact, when the north wind stopped at dawn, Li Bao immediately gave orders to anchor and sail.
In the early morning of October 27th, the north wind turned to the south wind, and the Southern Song army galloped forward with the wind. At this time, the south wind rose like a bell, and the navy in the Southern Song Dynasty was full of joy and gearing up. Immediately, it was full of sails and paddled with all its strength, and rushed to Tangdao Bay where the Xu Guo fleet was moored. 8 jin j is not used to the wind and waves at sea, and they all sleep in the cabin. Most of the sailors are the Han people who were forced to enlist. When they saw Li Bao's fleet from a distance, they tricked the nomads into the cabin. Therefore, when Li Bao's fleet approached the enemy ship, the Jin people had not yet discovered it.
Li Bao grasped the fighter tightly and ordered the fleet to attack in an all-round way. In an instant, "the drums are shaking and the sea waves are leaping." 8 jin j was taken by surprise, and panicked, so they quickly anchored and set sail, and fought in haste, and the ships were crowded into a pile and a mess. Li Bao immediately ordered the gunpowder arrow to be fired at the golden ship. Because the golden sail was made of tarpaulin, it would burn when it saw fire. At the moment, the smoke of the 8 Jin Army fleet went up into the sky, and hundreds of warships were plunged into flames. Fire takes advantage of the wind, and the wind helps the fire. More than 6 ships of Jin Jun have caught fire and turned into a sea of fire, causing Jin Bing to jump into the sea and drown countless times.
The Southern Song Navy's powerful thunderbolt gun (a kind of paper tube gun filled with gunpowder and lime, which is a new type of firearm just equipped by the Southern Song Navy) came over intensively. At that time, smoke filled the air, guns blared, nomads from being blown to death, hiding in the cabin. Then, the armored clippers of the Southern Song Navy (ships with iron armor) rushed into the enemy fleet, heading for the commander-in-chief of the Nomads, and other warships of the Southern Song Dynasty also attacked. At this point, the nomads from warships quickly blocked the warships of the Southern Song Dynasty that attacked the commander-in-chief's ship, and the formation was completely out of order.
some enemy ships that survived the rocket attack still want to fight hard. Li Bao commanded the fleet to insert into the enemy line and ordered the soldiers to jump on the enemy ship, and launched a fierce hand-to-hand battle with the nomads. At this time, the Han sailors of the Golden Fleet, who had been oppressed, defected and rebelled in succession. Li Bao led the soldiers to jump on the enemy ship, and fought hand to hand, killing them horizontally and slashing them vertically. In the chaotic army, they killed five generals, including 8 Jin Jun's deputy commander, Yan Hong, Zheng Jianu, and captured three traitors, including Ni Xun. Su Baoheng, the general of the Jin army, escaped after the fire because the ship was behind, but the seals and documents of the whole army, armor and rations were seized. The rest that Song Jun couldn't move were burned, and the fire burned for four days and nights.
In this campaign, except for Su Baoheng, the main commander of the water army of the State of Jin, who led the pro-guards to flee, most of the 7, Jin soldiers headed by Zheng Jianu, the deputy commander, were buried in the belly of a fish, and all the troops were wiped out. At the same time of failure at sea, Jin also failed on land. The successive military defeats further aggravated the internal contradictions of the Jin Dynasty, and Wan Yanliang finally died in the internal struggle for power and profit. His plan of swallowing up the Southern Song Dynasty in one fell swoop was a complete failure.
In this campaign, Li Bao wiped out the huge fleet of Jin people with 3 sailors, which was 2 times more than his own, shattered the strategic plan of Jin attacking Lin 'an, the capital of Song Dynasty, from the sea, and created a war example in the history of ancient naval battles in China. Li Bao and his men have high morale and tenacious fighting spirit; The Han people in the state of Jin gave active cooperation and support to Song Jun. At first, they provided information, then they tricked Jin Bing, and then they defected, which seriously weakened the strength of Jin Jun and strengthened the strength of Song Jun. Secondly, Li Bao constantly understood the enemy's situation and correctly adopted the tactics of surprise, concealment, pre-emptive strike and fire to break the enemy, which was also an important reason for winning the sea attack.
The Southern Song Dynasty turned from danger to safety, and Emperor Gaozong issued a letter to Li Baozhongyong.
This maritime victory, together with the victory in the land quarrying war, turned the Song Dynasty from danger to safety. Since then, there has been a long-term confrontation between the North and the South of the Song Dynasty, which has affected the whole historical development process. After hearing the good news of the battle of Tangdao, Song Gaozong issued a letter to the prize, and wrote the word "brave and brave Li Bao", so that Li Bao could be used as a banner, in addition to the static navy's time and coastal control, gold wares and jade belts were given.
When Wan Yanliang heard the news of the great defeat in the battle of Tangdao, it happened just after he was defeated by Yu Yunwen in the battle of quarrying on land. At this time, he gathered the water army in Guazhoudu (now the intersection of the lower reaches of the ancient canal and the Yangtze River in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province) to prepare to cross the river and attack the Song Dynasty. Yan Hong Liang was so angry that he once ordered Jin Jun to invade the south of the Yangtze River within three days, otherwise he would be executed, which intensified his internal contradictions. As a result, Wan Yanliang was killed by Yuan Yi, who led his army to control all the military forces in western Zhejiang, on December 15th (the second day of November in the lunar calendar), and Jin Jun's invasion to the south was a complete failure.
Wen Tianxiang once praised Li Bao in the Imperial Trial Strategy: "I am afraid that I have Li Bao in my ears." In the History of Song Dynasty, it is commented: "If you are successful in Weitang Island, you will die before Yan Hong, and the danger of Qian Tang will be worrying. (Li) Bao's merits are also great. "