Translation:
In the third month of the spring of the year Zhonghe Guimao, outside the city of Luoyang, although the flowers were still in full bloom, there were no pedestrians on the roads in all directions, and therefore no dust was raised. Suddenly I saw a woman resting under a poplar tree. Her hair was matted, her sideburns unkempt, and she was frowning as if she were very sad. I asked the girl where she had come from. The woman's voice sobbed before she could answer.
Then she turned back to me and said, "I was displaced here because of the military chaos. I fell in the city of Chang'an for three years, and I still remember the situation over there. If you are willing to unsaddle and dismount for me and rest here for a while, I can also stay for a while to tell you about my experience.
On the morning of the fifth day of the Lunar New Year the year before last, I opened the mirror box, still too lazy to comb my hair, leaning alone against the railings, and was closing the cage to teach the parrot to talk. Suddenly I saw dust flying outside my door, and then I saw someone beating a drum in the street. All the inhabitants came out in a panic, and the officials who had gone to court rushed home, suspecting that what they had heard was not true.
At this time, an official army marched into the city from the west, intending to be transferred to Tongguan as a guard. At the same time, there was news that the Bonyo army, the forbidden army of Kyoto, had held off the enemy, and that they would not enter the city for a while. Who knew that my master had rushed back on horseback, and that the people were as intoxicated as if they were in a trance? He said: saw the emperor has fled out of the city, the enemy's white flag has been everywhere, rushed into the city.
People were calling out to each other, old and young, climbing the walls of the house, at a loss for words, hiding, and the house was in chaos. Outside the door is the soldiers and horses galloped, scurrying like running wild beasts. Wheels rolling like noisy thunder from the ground up. The imperial city was on fire, and smoke and fire rose from the twelve streets of Chang'an.
The sun went down in the west without light, and God gazed in speechless silence. The clouds and the haloed air were heavily encircled, and the eunuchs and the stars showed signs of disaster. The emperor changed his place of residence, the violet qi migrated with him, and the star of the stage was demolished by the demonic light of the enemy.
Bloodshed in every house was like water gushing from a spring, and the sound of injustice everywhere shook the heavens and the earth. The dancers and singers, even the children, were abandoned. The beautiful women of the eastern neighboring countries, whose makeup had just been painted, had a beautiful appearance. Soldiers were embraced by the military car captive to go, looking back to the boudoir tears. The first thing you need to do is to learn how to sew the flag, and then you need to be taught how to ride a horse in a carved saddle.
Sometimes when I see my husband on the horse, I don't dare to look back, only tears remain. West neighboring girl is like a fairy, eyes like autumn water, after makeup only to the mirror to appreciate, very young, two ears do not hear things outside the window. A soldier suddenly jumped onto the steps of her house and made a move to insult her. She refused to go out because she refused to be humiliated, and the poor girl died under the thief's knife.
South neighboring women do not know her last name, is just married to the new woman. In the glazed steps walking footsteps light and silent, in the emerald curtains only see a vague shadow. Suddenly saw the sound of swords in the courtyard, in a moment has been separated from the head. Her sisters looked up to the sky to cover their faces and cried, and all jumped into the well. The young woman from the northern neighborhood hurriedly prepared to flee, immediately removing her jewelry and makeup.
But the soldiers were already knocking on the door, so she climbed up to the house in a hurry. A moment later, only to see the four sides of the fire rushed, want to come down but the stairs have been burned. In the midst of the smoke and fire, I shouted for help, but it was too late, hanging from the beams and being burned to ashes. I was lucky not to be killed, but was coerced by the soldiers, do not dare not say yes, had to comb my hair and barely show eyebrows, put on a smile, and follow him.
Since then, I have not been able to return to my home, and I have been cut off from all my relatives. Since falling into the hands of the Huang Chao soldiers, has been three years, all day are scared and worried, sleep at night in the heavily guarded weapons surrounded by, every day to eat only a taste of the heart and liver of the people who were killed. Though sleeping with that soldier, there is no love there. I have taken a lot of gold and silver, but I don't love it.
Because of the soldier's disheveled face, a "red-eyebrowed thief" look, several times, always look at him, always look at him not good. This group of people are not neatly dressed, speak mostly foreign accents, and those who have made meritorious achievements, their faces are tattooed with carved flowers. The officials in the provinces of Pak Tai and Lan are all foxes and ghosts.
Hair is not long, already wearing a hairpin, sleep at night, not even take off the robe, wrapped in the embroidered quilt. The three dukes of the people, not even hold the Chao Wat, often turned over to hold; as the two historians of the people, even the goldfish are upside down hanging. These people, in the morning to go to the court, the afternoon and evening are coaxed to the hotel to drink.
One day, at dawn, the people of the city awoke and rose, shouting or whispering. It was said that last night scouts on horseback had entered the Imperial City and reported that the official army had recaptured Chishui Town. Chishui Town is in the east of Weinan County, west of Chang'an City, more than a hundred miles from Chang'an. If the government troops leave in the morning, they should be able to reach Chang'an in the evening.
Hearing this news, the horseback-riding ferocious disciples all lost their breath and swallowed their voices, and their female companions who were occupied by them were secretly happy in their houses. Everyone thought that these demons would surely die today, and each one's grievances could be dispelled. After a while, some people rode in on horseback to deliver news that a large group of government troops had entered the city.
At this time, the generals of Huang Chao's subordinates, Dapeng and Xiaopeng, were worried, and Huang Chao and his brothers mounted their horses and wept. However, a few days passed in the twinkling of an eye without any news. Everyone thought that Huang Chao had surrendered to the official army. Who knew that they came back waving their flags and swords, happy, and said that the official army had suffered a great defeat.
Though the official army withdrew from Chang'an, they still surrounded the city on all sides, preventing Huang Chao from transporting food. The price of rice in the city skyrocketed, making it difficult to supply food. The only food available in the kitchens of the Shangjian families was tree bark, and the only food available on Huang Chao's table was cut human flesh. The people died of starvation one by one and were buried in the gullies, so that there were more graves and fewer people.
There were starving zombies outside the camp gates of the guards, and the camp was full of dead people. The whole capital of Chang'an was cold and empty, and the eight streets and nine markets, where prosperity used to be, were now sprouting wheat. The flowers and trees in the apricot gardens have been cut down for firewood; and the willows on both sides of the royal ditch have been cut down because the soldiers are repairing their fortresses.
All the gorgeous houses, brocade and silk gauze have been dispersed; the rich and noble families of the Jumonjia Di have been broken down by half. The palace's Hanyuan Hall and Calyx House are overgrown with thorns and thistles, letting foxes and hares go on parade. In short, the prosperity of the past has disappeared; full of eyes to see, no longer see the old characters.
The inner treasury of the palace, where the treasures and embroideries were stored, had been burned to a heap of ashes; and when I walked along the streets of heaven, I stepped on the bones of the nobles and the ministers. That morning out of the east gate, the scenery outside the city like the border on the general. Soldiers were often seen patrolling along the way, and the hillsides were not as bustling with guests being picked up and dropped off as they had been in times of peace.
Looking eastward at Baling, there was no sign of people. Although there are still lush trees on Mount Li, but the splendid platforms and pavilions, has disappeared. The old thoroughfare has become a jungle of thorns and thistles; there are no inns on the road, so travelers have to sleep in the open at the foot of the broken wall at night.
The next morning when we arrived at Sanfeng Road, we saw that the villages and towns were sparsely populated, the fields were in ruins, and the bamboo trees had lost their owners, and were all ravaged to a state of disrepair. Walking past the Huashan Temple, I went in to ask the mountain god. The mountain god said, 'I am even more sorrowful than you are, and I have nothing to say. The ancient cypress trees in front of the temple have all been cut down, only the stumps remain; the copper incense burner on the temple has also been dulled and covered with dust.
Since Huang Chao's revolt, the sky has been dark and the wind and rain have been black. The sacred water on the incense burner has also lost its magic power, and the incantation does not work; the Yin soldiers and Yin generals on the mural paintings will not show their magical powers. Normally, they were worshipped by the people, but now, in times of danger, they had no magical powers to help the people. I can't be a god, and I'm very ashamed of myself; I have to hide in the mountains.
Now there is no sound of piping in my temple, and no one comes to offer me three animals to eat. I have no choice but to send devils to the villages and kill a few men and women to live their lives.' When I heard the words of the mountain god, I became more and more worried. It turned out that this was a disaster from heaven, and neither the god nor man could do anything about it. The god also had to take refuge in the deep mountains, then there was no need to blame the many generals in charge of the army in the east.
After walking out of Tongguan, I looked up and saw Jing Mountain. Entering the border of Guozhou, as if coming to earth from hell, I immediately felt that heaven and earth were clear and peaceful. The commander-in-chief of Shanzhou was loyal and did not make any move to defend the city. The commander-in-chief of Pojin was able to restrain his soldiers, and there was not even a barking sound for thousands of miles of peace. In the morning, he carried a treasure on his body; in the night, he put a golden hairpin on his head and walked alone, and no robber came to rob him.
The next morning in the eastern suburb of Xin'an, because looking for tea to drink, met an old man, face green and pale, hiding in a pile of rushes. I asked the old man where he was from, and why he was sleeping in the reeds on such a cold day. When the old man tried to reply, he sat down again, held his head with both hands and cried to the sky. Later he said: 'I am a local man, my family has 200 stags of good land, and I have to pay 30 million yuan of tax every year.
The youngest girl in the family can weave silk to make robes and coats, and the middle-aged woman can make red corn rice. The family has a thousand granaries and ten thousand boxes of grain. After Huang Chao's army passed, half of it was left. Since the official army drove to Luoyang, day and night patrols of soldiers came to the village dock to harass them. They drew their swords, waved their white tiger flags, dismounted like a whirlwind and rushed through the door, robbing my house clean.
There was nothing left of my family, so I had to scatter my flesh and bones and go to my own way of life. I am now a lonely old man. My suffering alone is not worth mentioning, but there are tens of millions of refugees in the mountains, eating grass roots and ponies when they are hungry during the day, and sleeping in the open at night in piles of rushes.''
Listening to the old man's sad words, he cried all day long, tears falling like rain. The only thing I could see when I went out was the sound of the lord's voice, and I couldn't see any sign of people. I want to go further east, but I don't know where to go. I heard that the road to Kaifeng was broken, and I also heard that Pengcheng was in civil unrest. The countryside and the riverside were full of dead bodies of soldiers killing each other. It so happened that someone came from Jinling, saying that the situation in Jiangnan was very different. Since Huang Chao's army invaded the Central Plains, Jiangnan has been very peaceful, and there is no war in the suburbs.
The commander-in-chief there is like a god to suppress the thieves and love the people like children. And the taxes paid into the camps of the army from every place were plentiful. When the four seas and eight directions are in chaos like a flood, there is only one piece of land in Jiangnan that is as flat as a rock.
I am a man of the capital, but now I am fleeing in a foreign land; because I long for safety, I envy being a ghost in Jiangnan. I hope that you will quickly take a boat and go eastward, and dedicate this long poem to the Sagittarius of Jiangnan."
Expanded Information:
From the winter of the first year of Tang Xizong Guangming (880) to the spring of the third year of Zhonghe (883), i.e., more than two years after Huang Chao's revolt army stationed in Chang'an, the end of the Tang Dynasty peasant revolts developed to a climax and reached a turning point at the same time. Due to the strategic blunders of the peasant leaders and the frantic suppression by the official forces of the Li Tang dynasty, the struggle was unprecedentedly brutal, and the people suffered great hardships and heavy sacrifices.
Weizhuang was detained in Chang'an for the examination, and he lost his brother and sister in the army, and was sick for many days. He then became an eyewitness to the social changes that shook the land of China. After a period of preparation, in the second year after his departure from Chang'an, i.e., the third year of Zhonghe, he composed this epic poem in Luoyang, the capital of the east, which can be regarded as the masterpiece of his life.
2. Appreciation
The poem "Qinwuyin" can be divided into four main paragraphs. The first paragraph, from the beginning of the poem "March in the spring of the year Zhonghe decimao" to "I also stop with you at the jade toe "**** is the introduction to the poem, describing the author's encounter with a woman (i.e., the Qin woman) who was on her way from Chang'an to Luoyang, the capital of the East.
The second paragraph is from "the fifth day of the month of Gengzi the year before last" to "the bones of the ministers in the streets of heaven", ****65 lines 130 lines. This paragraph can be divided into six levels, layer by layer in-depth narrative of the situation after the peasant army into the city. "The year before last, gengzi wax month five" to "have seen the white flag to turn the ground" sixteen sentences for the first layer, describing the first year of Guangming December 5 farmers attacked the capital.
The second level of the story is the 16 sentences from "the people were calling for each other with their young children" to "the demonic light was shooting at the stars", which describes the situation of chaos after the rebel army entered the city. The people were hiding and the court officials were scattered everywhere. The third level of the story is from "every family bleeds like a spring" to "six people have no place to look for themselves", which describes the scourge of war that women suffered.
The first four lines summarize the situation: bloodshed in every house, the sound of injustice everywhere, and the abandonment of small children. The second is about the suffering of the women in the four neighborhoods: the beautiful women in the east neighborhood were taken captive, the women in the west and south neighborhoods died by the sword, and the young woman in the north neighborhood was burned to death by the fire. Finally, the girl herself was coerced by the soldiers and became a subordinate woman. Through the women's various encounters, it draws a picture of the storm clouds of war and the group of women in Chang'an during the war, which has considerable cognitive value.
The fourth level, from "Three Years of Being Trapped by Thieves" to "The Wine Market in the Evening", describes the woman's life after she was forced to marry a soldier of Huang Chao's subordinates, as well as the situations of the new noblemen that she saw. Among them, "will also wear short hair flower hairpin" and other sentences, the use of cartoon ink, the peasant generals obsessed with wealth and happiness, forgetful, very vividly portrayed, into the wood, farce has enough sad.
The fifth level from the "five drums of the morning" to "and the official army all defeated", write the people of Chang'an city of the Tang army and the peasant army known to the situation of the battle, not only to see the struggle of the peasants of the struggle of the hard and tenacious, but also to see its morale and strength of the increasingly exhausted, depicting the emotional state of the present, the situation is very clear.
The TANG army's battle with the peasants in Chang'an was a hard and tough one, but it also showed the decline of their morale and strength.
From the "four sides from the Zuzhi more kitchen bundle" to "Tianjie treading all the Secretary of the bone" for the last level of this paragraph, write the defeat of the Tang army, the peasants recaptured Chang'an after the situation. After the conflagration of the Kyoto, "Chang'an is desolate now, the abandoned city of the deserted street wheat seedling show", from the market to the palace, from trees to buildings, "the former prosperity are buried, look at the bleak and desolate things", the curve was to come, the slightest visible.
In particular, the phrase "the inner treasury was burned to the ground, and the bones of the ministers were trodden on the streets of heaven" is a cautionary tale that has been widely circulated. The third stanza goes from "I came out of the east side of the city in the morning" to "I slept in the frost at night in an ogi flower". This long poem is a face-to-face view of an era of turmoil, and its brush goes far beyond the side of the peasant army. In the third paragraph, the author points the finger of criticism at the official army of the Li Tang dynasty and the ruling warlords.
This paragraph can be divided into four levels, from the "dawn out of the city to the east of the street" to "pedestrians night wall Kuang Yue", is the first level, is the preamble to this paragraph, write the girl out of Chang'an all the way out of what I saw and heard. Everywhere there are soldiers patrolling; there is no human smoke; the year's halls and pavilions have been cleaved; there is no store on the road, the scenery is like a desolate general on the Seychelles.
The second level of the story, from "Tomorrow's Dawn to the Three Peaks Road" to "Why look to the eastern lords", is about the girl's journey eastward to Huayin County on the second day. Ironically, the Jintianjin satirized those sectional ministers of Tongguan Yidong who owned troops for self-protection and were unable to protect themselves against the peasant army, but condoned the abuse of the people by their subordinates. The third level from "the year before last and out of Yang Zhenguan" to "twilight inserted gold hairpin only line".
A woman in the vast universe walking alone "towards the treasure goods no one asked, twilight inserted gold hairpin only walk", everywhere is dead silence, even more terrible than the outbreak of war. These descriptions than the Han Wei ancient mourning "out of nothing to see, white bones cover the plains," a class of poems more expressive, fine to successfully create a horrible atmosphere.
The fourth level of the poem is from "Ming Dynasty" to "Sleeping in the Frost at Night in Dixie Flower". In the poem, the old man in Xin'an complains bitterly about the evils of the Tang army: their evils are more serious than those of the Huang Chao army. "Thousands of warehouses and thousands of boxes are still in ruins after Huang Chao's attack", while the selling army came to "dismount from the gate like a whirlwind, and dump their bags in the chime room like a roll of earth".
Robbery of the people's treasury property spared no effort, better than the "bandits" Huang Chao, this is one. Secondly, the poem vaguely reveals the official army to kill people and even sell human flesh. The poem reads, "Huang Chao cuts human flesh on the machine." "A flavor goes into the chopped liver at night and day." According to the Old Book of Tang - Huang Chao biography, "the official army are all the execution of the cottage ten thousand people sold to the thieves won hundreds of thousands."
Related to the previous written "sacrifices on the feast nowhere to find" "to kill and strip the living souls over the night" and this layer of writing "more ten million families in the mountains", can be seen that the government troops to The official army's criminal behavior of killing people and selling human flesh to make huge profits can be seen.
The last paragraph goes from "I have heard the sad words of this old man" to "I have sung a long song in honor of my husband". Through hearsay, the Qin woman puts a ray of hope in the relatively peaceful Jiangnan, which is the conclusion of the poem.
Overall, the poem "Qin Wu Yin" is a masterpiece with a strong realism tendency, rich and complex ideological content, the time span of three years, the space of the Fan circle and the two capitals, and the writing is a great change in the history of the drowning of the author to use flashbacks to recall the author of the characters of the different time, popping point, characters, scenery concentrated in a scene, to receive the plot is compact, the subject of the focus of the effect!
Art
Artistically, it is a pioneering work, and its power of writing is above the Song of Everlasting Hatred and Lianchang Palace Words, which are written about the Anshi Rebellion. It is not only a masterpiece of Wei Zhuang, but also a monumental masterpiece of the ancient Chinese narrative poems.
It is no accident that Wei Zhuang was able to write such a masterpiece with realist tendencies. At an early age, he lived with the old poet Bai Juyi in Xiangui, and was probably influenced by Bai Juyi and Du Fu, who rebuilt the Cao Tang when he lived in Shu and named the collection "Raccoon Flowers" after him. The poem "Qinwu Yin" reflects the influence of two realist poets, Du Fu and Bai Juyi, on the author, and artistically, there is a better than blue.
First, the structural pattern. On the basis of inheritance, Qinwuyin boldly innovates and perfectly combines the two structures, the horizontal tandem style established in the Han Dynasty and the vertical parallel style laid down by Bai Juyi. The whole poem adopts Bai Juyi's vertically-developed parallel structure - the poet meets the Qin woman, and the Qin woman recounts her own encounters, with a simple story and very few characters.
In the vertical parallelism of the poem as a whole, there are a number of cross-sectional dramatic life scenes prominently interspersed. For example, the tragic scene of women being raped and murdered, the comedic scene of the slanderous Huang Chao's army (from "clothes upside down and speech different" to "whistling and clamoring as if whispering"), and the tragedy and comedy of God's self-reporting, etc., which are connected with each other, and vividly demonstrate
This kind of parallel and tandem narrative structure, compared with a single structure, undoubtedly makes the work more content, more inclusive, more vivid, more complex, and more artistic charm.
To summarize, "Qinwuyin" not only draws on the narrative art of the Tang Dynasty, but also learns from the Tang poets' artistic pioneering, and boldly carries out unique artistic innovations, reaching a considerable artistic height.
The artistic achievement of the poem itself indicates the creative inheritance of the previous narrative poems, and in many ways foreshadows the development trend of Wu Weiye's narrative poems in the Qing Dynasty, which fully demonstrates that it is a masterpiece with an important position in the history of classical Chinese narrative poems.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Qinwu Yin