Sun Gangshan old man is Yushe nationality north spring ditch village people, twenty years old in Yushe a teacher, and then served as Yushe two principal, Yushe a vice president. 1983 was transferred to Henan Zhengzhou Post and Telecommunications Institute, director of teaching and research office. Mr. Sun Gangshan since childhood, arts and sciences all-round, from a young age, by the influence of social fire, the king whip, Tutan Yangge and cultivation, love of literature and art. Once in Zuoquan during the school, back to his hometown to teach singing Zuoquan small flower opera. During the teaching period, he personally starred in the play "Qu Yuan", "before the arrival of the new director", the opera "March 3", "White-haired Girl" excerpts and other types of programs more than ten, and organized and guided the students to rehearsal of the Sanshoujian, plays, operas, operas, jinju, Beijing Opera Model Opera excerpts and other dozens of programs, which were well received in the public performances in the county auditorium and in the countryside propaganda. Through the organization of cultural and sports activities, fully develop students' cultural and sports talents, mobilize learning enthusiasm, enhance team cohesion.
Mr. Sun Gangshan was often involved in guiding the Beiquangou village rice-planting team, rehearsal of the large-scale singing and dancing programs, such as "Rent House". He also wrote the school song for his school and composed the lyrics and music. After retirement, actively participate in a variety of social activities, Zhengzhou City, Zijingshan, the main members of the old to music song and dance troupe, make-up performances, such as "husband and wife literacy", "brother and sister to open up the land", "Crossing the River", Hunan flower-drum opera, "Li Hai Chopping Woodcutter," Huangmei Opera, "playing hogweed," and so on. The old people have fun and are active in their old age. He is the main leader of the school choir and the vice president and secretary general of Henan Postal Taijiquan Society. His poems and writings can be found in "Zhangyuan Poetry" and "Zhengzhou Wushu Words Journal". Now as long as Sun Lao led to participate in the birthday banquets, weddings and teacher-student fellowship party activities, will be illustrated, spoken and sung, organized in a colorful way.
More than thirty years have passed, Sun Lao not only the accent has not changed, and the king whip dance and singing words as engraved in his mind, dance every movement is still as standard, singing every word is still as clear as a memory ......
In 1935, Sun Lao was born in the village of BeiQuanGou. When he was two or three years old, he remembers his mother singing to him every day to listen to the king's whip, rice-planting opera and Yushe's Tudan rice-planting songs. While doing needlework under the lamp, his mother could not help humming these oral Yangge, flower opera and the whip tune, visible in the Yushe township, the whip has been passed down for a long time.
Every year on the fifteenth day of the first month, every adult, but also the children eagerly look forward to the day, because they can enjoy watching the red-hot rural community fire.
Every fall, after the farmers' grain is returned to the warehouse, people who have worked hard for a year can finally relax for a winter and stretch their muscles. At this time, one of the biggest things in the countryside is to enter the preparation stage of social fire in an organized manner. Society, is the rural areas to worship the gods of the earth into a small group organization. Smaller villages generally have one society, while larger villages have three or four societies in each village. Every year, the society takes turns to select ten families to be responsible for the organization and management of the society, which is both an obligation and a right. These ten families, throughout the winter, are busy preparing all the tributes needed for the 15th day of the first lunar month for the worship of the three official shrines and the sacrifices to the gods and goddesses, such as stewing meat, frying meatballs, steaming pasta, and deep-frying "honey flower fans". The amount of tribute required was very large and varied, with whole pigs, whole sheep, and plates and saucers to be placed on the whole ten offering tables. Among them, the community's biggest task is to prepare the "social fire", that is, in the brilliant lights for the gods of all kinds of cultural and military programs performed. Passed down from the olden days, every village has a social fire workshop, some called Yangge workshop, boxing workshop, the community is responsible for inviting masters every year, in the social fire workshop to teach the program of social fire. Every year to teach, rehearsal for three months, until the first seven or eight of the first month out of the village performance. Social fire is a kind of honor and pride of the people of this village, and the performers are all big girls, handsome boys and old artists who love literature and art in this village. Social fire is divided into cultural social fire and martial arts social fire, cultural social fire, including soil beach rice-planting song, small flower opera, rice-planting song and dance programs such as whip; martial arts social fire is a martial arts program, also known as the national art, Yushe commonly known as Wu Oh Oh, which is divided into many schools, such as Xingyiquan, six boxing, plum blossom boxing, small red boxing, and so on.
After the first day of the first month (New Year's), the person in charge of the social fire will be busy, paste lanterns, dyeing hanging, set up lanterns mountain, set up the God shed, cut pine trees to build a swing. They used wheel and car axles to make fitness equipment, such as the "Kid Pushes the Mill". Sent people to each house to collect broken plowshares and other pig iron, ready for the night of the first month of the fifteenth iron flower.
"Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month, and pull the right firecrackers, wearing new clothes and hats, drums and gongs are very lively! The 15th of the first lunar month, in addition to the performance of catching the dry boat, lion dance, stilt walkers and other colorful song and dance programs, and martial arts programs in the single practice, on the company, the sword, spear, sword and halberd stick and other equipment fighting, wonderful eye-catching, tiger, sound and color. Silk bamboo sound, sound of gongs and drums, shouting, hollering, on and off the field into a piece. Playing iron flower, swinging, put the sky lanterns, bake road fire, guess the riddles and other programs, a variety of, let people enjoy, dazzled.
The village mastered the iron flower technology of the old artists, in the first month of the fifteenth and sixth of the 'afternoon, began to furnace iron, the pig iron are boiled into hot iron. In the performance, the iron flower handle to scoop the iron into the special wooden mold, and then force a knock, two hit, three Yang, four sprinkles, suddenly, colorful sparks shooting, covered the entire village sky, like dazzling stars, than the present release of the fireworks are more wonderful, eye-catching.
On the first day of the first month, seven or eight, the social fire began. Each community went out to the villages and villages to perform their own programs. The night of the first month of the fifteenth, the community's literary team are concentrated in the county, for the row of the street, along the county street base stacks of fire of the major stores for the scheduled performance. The various literary teams have put their best rehearsed programs to show the audience in the county, the actors are very hard, the audience crowded with three layers outside three layers, the road is watertight.
Before and after the first month of the fifteenth, the villages and communities are also in front of the God's shed on the performance ground, ignited straw, base coal, lit a pile of fire. The more the fire burns, the more the fire jumps, symbolizing the next year's life red-hot, good weather, good harvest. Village men, women and children, while watching the rice-planting songs, while scrambling to take their own steamed buns tribute, surrounded by stacks of fire next to the barbecue, the pasta tribute to the charred, eaten while hot, symbolizing the elimination of disease and disaster, commonly known as burned disabled disease. Roasted incense of the strong flavor, filled in the whole village over the sky.
The most unforgettable and memorable thing for Sun Lao is the king whip. Not only is the dance beautiful, but the lyrics are very appealing. Sun Lao said, a variety of songs and dance programs of the lyrics of the children in rural areas have a deep impression, often the adults in the social fire workshop has not been sung, watching the children next to them will already be sung. These words handed down from the old generation, catchy, on their future poetry, composition, and lifelong literary cultivation are very great influence. As long as they remembered it as children, they could not forget it in their whole life, and even when they were old, they could remember that scene at that time.
"Zhaozhou Bridge what people repair? Jade stone railing what people stay? What man rode a donkey over the bridge? What people push the car to crush down a ditch ah hoho hi! The Zhaozhou Bridge was repaired by Mr. Lu Ban, the jade railing was left by the ancient people, and Zhang Guolao rode a donkey across the bridge. Chai Shizong (Prince Chai) carted down a ditch! Who planted the spinulose tree fern in the sky? Who planted the spinulose tree fern in the sky and who opened the Yellow River underground? Who guarded the three passes? Who is the one who will never come back? The spinulose tree fern in the sky was planted by the Queen Mother, the Yellow River underground was opened by the old Dragon King, Yang Liulang guarded the three passes, and Han Xiangzi never came back from his monkhood." Sun Lao picked up the whip again and sang and danced emotionally. He danced this whip dance with the "small cattle" tune, lyrics and sheet music is the county cultural center all personnel heard for the first time, very precious, rushed to collect. Sun old man humming while two hands keep beating the rhythm, while humming sheet music, repeated several times, to help the staff of the cultural center to sing the lyrics and sheet music recorded. Sun finally said, "small cattle" in the countryside, very popular, very old, but I do not know whether it is from the countryside to Beijing Opera or from the Beijing Opera transplanted to the countryside, which represents the original countryside of the lower part of our countryside.
In Sun Lao's memory, Yushe County, the king whip is the most red-hot, the best is Banpo Village and ZhaoDaoYu Village. At that time, the performance of the whip was four people, two men and two women, and often men dressed as women. The man held the whip in his right hand, and the woman held a fan in her right hand and carried a colorful lingzi in her left hand. At that time, the whip props are in a thin bamboo pole at one end, in a section of the chisel groove, in the groove of the upper and lower end of each drilling a small hole, the copper with a thin wire string up, the ends of the wire were tied to the bamboo groove of the upper and lower ends, so that the string of copper will be put into the bamboo groove, knocking bamboo pole, the copper will be due to the collision of ringing up the bamboo pole back and forth non-stop knocking, the copper will be ringing non-stop, ringing violently. During the performance, both men and women put on makeup and wear special colorful children's costumes for men and women, and perform back and forth on the field. Musical instruments are played and sung by people outside the venue, usually a group of old entertainers from the village. At that time, music was mainly played by erhu and flute, and gongs and drums were mainly used to accompany the gongs and drums, such as "dongcha dongcha, qibulong dongcha!" When the gongs and drums sounded, the singers would improvise and add words, and the performers would improvise as well. For example, in "Little Cowherd", when the song "Chai Shizong (Master Chai) pushed the cart and crushed down a ditch", the singers improvised and sang, "Push it up and rolled it down, push it up and rolled it down, and crushed down a ditch, ah-ho-hi! "
"Huai Cai in the first month, the month to rise, ginger begonias live in the cold kiln, leafless rooted ...... sour hairy apricots, sour, eat it two big handfuls of ......" Sun old man sang again. Huai Cai September". Although he did not memorize all the lyrics, but he provided the lyrics are very precious, is the original lyrics and music of Yushe original king whip. Sun old man humming, left hand kept patting the thigh, right hand dancer whip beat, and then humming the music, repeated several times, to help the staff of the Cultural Center to record the lyrics and music.
Sun also told a sensational Yushe County, a whip dance reform. the second half of 1959, the county cultural hall organization, Yushe high school-based, absorbing the countryside of a few outstanding actors and cultural backbone, composed of twenty-seven people to Jinzhong area performance team, ready to participate in the show. In addition to solo and performance programs, the main program was a whip program reflecting the theme of the General Line, the "Great Leap Forward" and the Three Red Flags. The leader was Zhang Dingming, director of the Cultural Center; the teachers who guided the rehearsals were Zhen Bingyuan and Gong Jiuru from Yushe Middle School; the band included Mr. Qin Sucheng, Mr. Qiao Xucheng, and Bai Erguo, Bai Siguo, and an old performer surnamed An in Chengguan; the soloists were Liu Shuihua and Liu Yuexian, etc.; there were eight people in the whip, and the men who played the whip were Li Meiwen, Hu Haisheng, Ren Xiu'e (a woman dressed as a man), and Zhang Tousen (a woman dressed as a man); four of them, and the women who dressed as Wang Wang, and the women who dressed as Zhang Tousen (a woman dressed as a man) were Li Meiwen. The four men who play the whip are Wang Xiuying, Pei Fenglin, Li Xuexian and Lu Cuixian. In the dance performance, the man still holds a whip and the woman holds a fan in one hand and a lingzi in the other. The dance is still the "old eight-point" method inherited from several generations of artists in Yushe, i.e., the basic action is to hit the limbs with the end of the whip. But the number of people and the field of the interspersed changes on a great reform and breakthrough, coupled with the singing of soloists Liu Shuihua, Liu Yuexian singing, the band in addition to the erhu, flute, sheng, xiao, suona, na accompaniment, the atmosphere is very cheerful, warm. After nearly half a year of rehearsal, on February 22, 1960, went to Jinzhong Prefecture performance, Yushe County's whip dance won the first prize of the year's repertoire. 1961 was selected as the Jinzhong Prefecture excellent program, went to the provincial capital to participate in the repertoire. The song "We Ride the Leaping Horse" was newly arranged by Mr. Zhen Bingyuan and Mr. Gong Jiuru. Sun Lao improvised and sang: "We rode into the horse ah, holding a whip in the hand ......" Suddenly he stopped, it turned out that he forgot the lyrics of the latter. The performance of the award-winning things, the county cultural center staff to understand, and the cultural center collection of the actors at the time after the performance of the group photo, but then the lyrics were the first time to hear, originally thought there was no lyrics. Sun old man took out his cell phone on the spot, opened the address book, to live in Yuji Ren Xiu'e call to ask for the lyrics. As a result, Ren Xiu'e did not recall the lyrics. Two weeks after the interview, Sun went through a lot of changes and asked many people, including Li Meiwen and Liu Yuexian, and finally found Hu Haisheng, who was able to recall the complete lyrics of the song. Then he immediately ran to the cultural center, informed the lyrics of "We ride the leaping horse": "We ride the leaping horse ah, in the hands of the overlord whip, drumming up the energy to strive for the upper reaches, fast horse whip courage forward!"
Sun old man also told the Yushe soil beach rice-planting song. In his memory, Yushe Tutan Yangge performance, the actors are wearing special clothes - shirt, are wrapped, make-up, the role is clearly divided into raw, Dan, net, ugly. Each Tutan Yangge team has a "head man", Yushe people called "the brain", that is, the head, the leader, is the team's commander-in-chief, also known as walking umbrella, he held a special umbrella, is made of paper, very large, the umbrella handle in the center of a round sphere, wrist tethered to a special umbrella, the umbrella handle, the umbrella handle, the umbrella handle, the umbrella handle, the umbrella handle and the umbrella, and the umbrella handle. sphere, with a string of small bells attached at the wrist. When the performance begins, the headman shakes the paper umbrella and rings the bells to start the performance. This headman knows every detail of every rice-planting song, sings every role, performs every action, and is well versed in the rhythm of the drums for every piece of music.
The Yushe Tutan Yangge is divided into sitcoms and improvisation. In addition to the cultural center has been organized out of the "Oh Ma Wa fight for marriage", Sun old man also knows the north spring ditch soil beach rice-planting song often sung "Yang Xiangwu three stolen nine dragons cup". This is the first time that the Cultural Center has heard of this Tutan Yangge and does not know about it. Although Sun does not remember the lyrics, but he still remembers the plot and some of the white language: Yang Xiangwu three times to find and steal the hidden Cup of the Nine Dragons. When Yang Xiangwu, a clown, appeared on stage, he was criticized by an actor who threw away his head: "Man is not a man, ghost is not a ghost, rabbit's head, hemp chaff legs, where did he come from this blanched egg ghost!"
Sun Lao performed an impromptu Tudan Yangge on the spot. The rice-planting song into the village, out of the village, the entrance to the gods are to the drums and gongs as a guide, crossing the street has a street beat of drums, singing before and after the gongs cymbals and cymbals to match, playing before and after the door "︳ beryllium hairpin ︳ beryllium hairpin ︳ beryllium hairpin ︳ beryllium hairpin ︳ beryllium hairpin ︳ beryllium hairpin ︳ beryllium -︳". After the starting board, they sing: "The fifteenth day of the first month is red, my rice-planting songs come to the gods, people honor the gods, the gods protect the people, and we are happy and joyful in Taiping Village!" This is the phrase that is sung every time the rice-planting songs go to the god shed in each village to attend to the gods after they have finished their performance. "The 15th day of the first lunar month is the Lantern Festival, every family eats cakes, the rich eat cakes boiled in oil, the poor eat cakes burnt in the fire." The hardship and heartfelt feelings of the poor are reflected here. When the two families welcome the rice-planting song to go together will sing: "You go back to your Golden Palace ah, I go back to my Zijin City!" In short, are singing some blessings of wind and rain, the country and the people's peace of the auspicious words. In the first month after 17 or 18, the community's rice-planting team will be walking the streets and courtyards, while singing some congratulations on wealth, family happiness, all the best lyrics. But sometimes the scene, with some witty language, say some funny words, led to laughter, such as when the gongs and drums fell, did not sing, looked up and found the eaves of the house living in a nest of Mugu, they sang: "fell the gongs and drums did not say, the eaves of the house living in a nest of Mugu (Yushe dialect 'pigeon'). ')." and fruits and some of the tributes in the God's shed, such as "honey flower fan" and other pasta, are distributed to the actors. The year's social fire is successfully completed.
At the end of the interview, Sun said seriously that rural cultural life is very important, it can be said that, although there are now television, computers and other advanced means of inheritance, but can not do without the primary, the original literary heritage. Just as now the airplane is the most advanced means of transportation, but when people travel, it is impossible to go out and take the plane, walking is no substitute. The intangible cultural heritage of the social fire, the king whip, Tutan Yangge, and other intangible cultural heritage, but also need to artists from generation to generation to pass on, must not be discarded!
(Interview with Mr. Sun Gangshan at the Cultural Center on August 14, 2014)