Ministry of the first book of the first year of high school language, the eighth lesson "pipa line and preface" original text, lesson plan and knowledge points

1, to understand the author of the Bai Juyi and the "line" of this genre of literature

2, to understand "....

2. To understand the specific connotation of the phrase "the same people at the end of the world, why should we ever meet each other"; to realize the poet's relegation and depression

3. To appreciate the beautiful mood of the musical description in the poem

4. To recite the poem by heart

Teaching Key Points：

1. To grasp the author's mastery of the technique of describing the sound with the use of metaphors

2. analyzing the fate of the characters, interpret the thoughts and feelings of the work. To grasp the mood

Teaching Difficulties: To perceive the beautiful mood of the musical description in the poem

Teaching Preparation: PC, reading Pipa Xing

Teaching Hour: Two Lessons

Teaching Procedure:

Lesson 1

Main Content:

1. To learn about the poet Bai Juyi and his poetic works.

2. Listen to the text and read it to have a preliminary understanding of the content of the text.

3. Sort out the structure of the text and have a preliminary perception of the characters.

(a) Music is an invisible thing, invisible and untouchable. It is not like the blue sky and white clouds, birds and animals, mountains and rivers as visible and palpable. How can this elusive music be expressed in words? Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi's "Pipa Xing" is a model for describing music, which has been sung since the Tang Dynasty. Today, we will listen to this wonderful music together. (Board book subject and author)

(2) When a blind man was about to leave this world, he said to others, "How I would like to see the sunshine and all the beautiful things in the world!" People invited Mozart, who played a piece on the violin, and the blind man shed tears and said, "I see! I see! I see sunshine, flowers, birds, and rivers." The blind man left this world with a look of joy and satisfaction. The great Russian writer Tolstoy, after listening to Tchaikovsky's "Song of Songs", burst into tears and said that he had "touched the soul of the Russian nation". Beautiful music can cause people with different experiences and different states of mind to ****sound. Pipa line" in the pipa woman's deep play will make a generation of poets Bai Juyi weep. Now, let's experience the pipa woman's skill, appreciate the author's extraordinary ability to turn the sound of the lute into a beautiful poem, and explore the reasons why the author's tears wet his shirt. (Board book topic and author)

Second, understand the author, the "line" of this genre and the background of writing

(a) the author (refer to the "Teaching Book")

1. Bai Juyi (772 -----846), the word Lotte, the name of the later years of the Xiangshan Jushi. Taking 44 years old as the demarcation line, Bai Juyi (772846) held the idea of "helping the whole world" in the early stage, and "keeping to himself" in the later stage.

He was another great realist poet in the Tang Dynasty after Du Fu.

He lived in the aftermath of the Anshi Rebellion, and spent his youth in a state of upheaval, which enabled him to come into contact with the society and understand people's sufferings, and so his poetry embarked on the path of realism from the very beginning of his creation.

2. Poetry advocates and creation:

"Articles are written for the time, and poems are composed for events." --Reflecting current events and written for reality.

"The only song is about the sickness of the people, and I wish to be known by the Son of Heaven" - reflecting the sufferings of the people.

He is the author of "Bai's Changqing Collection", and has masterpieces such as "Changge Hate" and "Pipa Xing".

(B) "line" this genre

Clear:: "line" is the meaning of music; "song" and "line" name is different, but "line". "The name is different, but there is no strict distinction, and then there is" song line "one. "Song and line" for the Southern Song Baozhao created, Baozhao simulation and study of music, after fully digested and absorbed and melted to create their own style, and its development of the seven-language poems, creating a seven-language body based on the song and line. "Song and line" is a genre of ancient poetry in China, which was established in the early Tang Dynasty on the basis of Lefu poetry of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. The appearance of Liu Xiyi's "White Heads in Sorrow" and Zhang Ruoxu's "Moonlit Night on the Spring River" can be regarded as a sign of the formal formation of this genre.

Characteristics:

1. The length can be short or long. Cen Sen's "White Snow Song Sends Judge Wu Back to the Capital" **** eighteen sentences, Du Fu's "thatched cottage broken by the autumn wind" has twenty-four sentences, Bai Juyi's "Song of Eternal Hatred" has one hundred and twenty sentences. Du Fu's "Line of Soldiers" has thirty-seven lines, and Bai Juyi's "Pipa Line" has eighty-eight lines.

2, retaining the characteristics of the ancient music narrative, the character, the record of words, speech, discussion, feelings into one, the content is full and vivid. For example, Du Fu's "The Walking of the Soldier's Vehicle" contains both a narrative of the "pedestrian's" journey and a question-and-answer session between the "passer-by" and the "pedestrian," as well as the phrase "I believe in the evils of male birth. I believe that the birth of a man is bad, but the birth of a woman is good," sigh, after reading it can really destroy people's liver and intestines. Another example is "thatched cottage for the autumn wind broken song", the poem has both the wind rolled thatched cottage narrative, but also "return to lean on the staff" sigh, but also "An get a wide building ten million rooms, ...... my hut alone broken by freezing death is also enough! "Strong lyricism and aspirations, reading is saddening.

3, voice, rhyme is relatively free, the level is not confined, can change the rhyme. "Song and line" body of poetry in the meter, rhyme, breaking the boundaries of metrical poetry, because it is to "put feelings and long words", and therefore more sentences, and then to a rhyme in the end, the level of the oblique to speak is very difficult. For example, in "The Thatched Cottage Broken by the Autumn Wind", there are several rhymes in the twenty-four lines. The form of the song is relatively free, is determined by the content.

4, the sentence is more flexible, usually seven words, but also some are mainly seven words, which is interspersed with three, five, nine sentences. For example, "thatched cottage for the autumn wind broken song" is basically seven words, but there are also two words ("woo-hoo"), there are also nine words ("when the eye suddenly see this house, my hut alone broken by the freezing death is also enough").

(C) writing background

Pipa Xing was written in the fall of the eleventh year of Emperor Xianzong Yuanhe of the Tang Dynasty (816 AD), when Bai Juyi was forty-five years old, serving as the Secretary of Jiangzhou. Before Yuanhe ten years, Bai Juyi first served as the left picker, and then served as the left Zanshan Daifu. In June of Yuanhe ten years, the Tang Dynasty sent assassins to kill the prime minister Wu Yuanheng and injure the royal historian Pei Du in the street of Chang'an, which caused a great uproar in the court. The spokesmen of the clans and towns in the court further demanded to dismiss Pei Du, in order to protect the clans and towns from the heart of the "opposite side". At this time, Bai Juyi stepped forward and firmly advocated the repudiation of the bandits, believing that otherwise the country would not be a country. Bai Juyi was right, but because he wrote satirical poems and offended many powerful people in the court, some people said that he was small in rank and overstepped his duty. Some people said that he was a lowly official and had overstepped the bounds of his position. The capital of Jiangzhou was Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province. Sima is the assistant of the assassin, sounds like a good thing, but in fact in the Tang Dynasty this position is specialized in the placement of "crime" officials, is disguised as sent to a place to accept the supervision and custody. This incident has a great impact on Bai Juyi, is a turning point in his thinking, and from then on, his early struggle to gradually wear down, the negative mood is increasing.

Third, the first reading of the text, the overall perception

1, the designated six students read aloud the preface and the whole poem in turn, each read a paragraph, and the correct pronunciation.

2. Play the music "Moonlit Night on the Spring River" in a low voice, and the teacher recites the whole poem with feeling.

3. Grasp the content of the poem:

Students read the preface of the poem and the whole poem quickly and silently, and find out the parts that correspond to each other.

Clarify: the second sentence of the preface ("Next year in the fall ...... clang clang clang with the sound of Kyoto") corresponds to the first paragraph of the poem; the fourth and fifth sentences ("Ask his people ... ... migrated between the rivers and lakes") corresponds to the second and third paragraphs of the poem; the sixth and seventh lines ("I went out to the government for two years ...... ordered to say "Pipa Xing") corresponds to the fourth paragraph.

Fourth, homework: read the whole poem over and over again

The second lesson

I. Appreciation of poetry

1, Question: How many times in the poem is written about the pipa girl's performance?

Clarification: The poet wrote about the pipa's performance three times. The first time, the lute girl did not appear, her performance was heard by the poet and his guests. The second time, the lute lady came out and played at the poet's invitation. The third time is still explicit, but written briefly.

2. Appreciate the first performance of the lute lady

(1) Students read the first paragraph of the poem aloud.

(2) Students think: What is the tune that the pipa girl played for the first time, the text does not clearly explain, students can determine which tone? What are the reasons?

Clear: its tone is sad, there are two reasons: First, the pipa woman in this "around the boat, the moon and the river is cold", is obviously to use this to dispel the loneliness of the empty boat, and the second is that it really touched the heart of the hosts and guests of the "miserable will be goodbye", aggravating the sadness of separation, so that the "miserable will be goodbye", the hosts and guests of the "miserable will be goodbye", aggravating the sadness of separation, so that the "tragic will be goodbye". The second is that it really touches the hearts of the host and the guest in the "miserable parting" and aggravates the sadness of separation, so that "the host forgets to return and the guest does not send". The rest of the moonlit night of the Autumn River, the melancholy scene, the sad atmosphere of the farewell banquet, are to set it off.

(3) Students recite the first paragraph with feeling.

3. Appreciate the scene of the pipa girl's second performance

(1) Students read aloud the second paragraph of the text in unison

(2) Students think: How many stages can the pipa girl's second performance process be divided into?

Clarify: The second playing process of the lute lady can be divided into three stages.

The first stage ("three or two strings are plucked on the turn of the axle, and there is a feeling before the tune") is about the pipa lady tuning the strings before she plays, and she has already entered the realm of the piece of music. The second stage ("The strings conceal the sound of thoughts ...... saying infinite things in the heart") is about the pipa playing a tune selected according to the mood at that time, which shows the skillfulness of the pipa woman. The third extremity ("light gather slowly twisted erase compound peach ...... four strings a sound such as cracking") write pipa female playing the famous song "Neishang Yuyi Qu" and "six youngest".

(3) students think: the author divided into several sections to write the pipa woman playing the famous song "Neishang Yuyi Qu" and "six youngest"? What is the content of each section? What techniques does the poet use to express the mood of the music?

Clarification: The author writes about the pipa woman playing the famous song "Neishang Yuyi Qu" and "Liuyou" in four segments. The first section uses both metaphor and facsimile to write about the big and small strings, which are intertwined and have the sound of "big pearls falling from the jade plate", which expresses the eager and happy mood. The second section compares the sound of the warbler in the bottom of the flower with the sound of the warbler, and then with the word "slippery", the reader realizes that the melody has become light and smooth; and then it gradually slows down as if it has entered into a semi-termination state - this "silent" music makes the reader realize that the melody has become light and smooth; and then it gradually slows down as if it has entered into a semi-termination state. This "silent" music makes the reader search for "sadness and dark hatred" and look forward to the arrival of change. The beginning of the third section is "the silver bottle first breaks the water pulp burst", which is the signal of the high tide; it develops very quickly, and then appeared "iron horsemen protruding swords and spears" of the 'warm and tense scene. The fourth section of the piece of music to write the termination of the pipa music, written out of the termination of the characteristics of the pipa music, and the piano piece with the final chord to terminate the whole song has the same significant artistic effect, so that the listener continues to be immersed in the realm of the piece of music.

(4) This paragraph ends with "the east boat and the west boat quietly no words, only see the river autumn moon white", what is the role?

Clear: small side accent, that people around the boat are immersed in the realm of the "lingering sound".

(5) Students recite the second paragraph with feeling.

4. Appreciate the third performance of the pipa woman

(1) Students read paragraphs three to five silently.

(2) What is the tune of the pipa lady's third performance? What was the reason?

Clarification: The tune is sad and different from "Nei Shang" and "Liu Mou", as can be seen from "the audience heard all the sobs" and "Jiangzhou Sima's green shirt is wet".

(3) What is the difference between the author's method of writing about the pipa girl's third performance and the second?

Clarification: the second time, the author used metaphor, imitation and other rhetorical techniques to write about the art of music from the front. The third time, the author writes about the artistic effect of music from the side.

Second, writing features

1, plot twists and turns, ups and downs

In the "drunkenness is not a joyful misery will be parted", then "suddenly heard the sound of the pipa on the water, the host forgets to return to the guest does not send," will be pushed to another realm of the plot. After the first pipa performance, "the east boat and the west boat were silent", and it seemed to be over, but suddenly she "murmured" and "restrained her face", and the pipa girl wanted to tell her life. Once the pipa girl has finished her story, the poet expresses his own feelings, linking his own encounter with that of the pipa girl and promoting the development of the storyline. Play a song, the music into a high tide, but the poet no longer make a positive description, only said that the sound "miserable", and "not like forward", written here, it ended abruptly. In this way, not only can make people sigh with emotion, but also can make people produce a feeling of deep meaning and far away. This twisting and turning plot, so that the pipa woman's dramatic encounters have been highlighted, her pipa skills have been carefully depicted; and the author's mood and feelings can also be expressed to the fullest.

2. Moving with emotion

This poem is moving with emotion, narrating events and describing characters all full of lyrical color. In the section of "Sending off the Guests", the poet uses the words "Autumn", "Miserable Farewell", and "Boundless River with Moon" to create a sad atmosphere for the environment. The pipa girl plays for the first time, and when the poet describes the technique and tune of the pipa girl's performance, he lets the emotion and hatred run through the whole piece. The paragraph about the poet's own life is the root of the "secret sorrow and hatred", and it is full of all kinds of sadness arising from the character's prosperity in the past and decline in the present. The poet sighed at his own experience, everywhere in the environment to set off their own feelings, fully depicted the sadness of the drift down and down. At the end of the poem, the mournful sound of the strings and the sound of weeping reflect each other, which is a reflection of the poet's grief. The whole poem uses few allusions, and the language is concise and clear. Soon after the poet's death, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Li Chen, wrote a poem to commemorate him, saying, "A child can sing the song of "Long Hate", and a hu'er can sing the song of "Pipa"". It is evident that this poem was loved by the people during Bai Juyi's lifetime and was widely recited.

3, the picture is brilliant

Bai Juyi's "Pipa Xing", can be called a wonderful "sound painting", the picture is very brilliant.

(1) The atmosphere of feelings is emphasized by the scenery. Such as the autumn river night farewell "maple leaves and dirigible flowers in the fall." "Farewell to the bewildering river immersed in the moon", this sombre autumn scenery is a powerful foil to the feelings of parting. "I live near the Pen River, the ground is low and wet, yellow reed and bitter bamboo grow around the house. What do you hear at night and day? The cuckoo cries blood and the ape wails." The four sentences describe the harsh environment, strongly emphasized the "end of the world" feelings.

(2) with the character's demeanor, action to depict the picture, showing the character's inner activities. Such as "holding the pipa half cover", the picture depicts the pipa woman's shyness and hesitation and hesitation of the complex psychology. Another example is "In the midst of meditating on the strings of the pipa, the pipa girl straightens her clothes and restrains her face." Here the pipa girl's movements and demeanor at the end of the song are depicted, which not only makes people feel that her education and experience are not bad, but also naturally expresses her inner activities from playing to recounting her own life. In addition, in a close-up shot after the words "the whole audience heard it again and all of them covered their tears", the poet's "green shirt was wet with tears". The tone of the scene falls on the word "weeping". Of course, it is the poet himself who understands the tune most y, who is most moved by it, and who is even "wet with tears". The connotation of "weeping" is obviously rich and deep.

4, narrative and lyric blend

The narrative of this poem (the autumn night on the river to send guests, the tragic fate of the Pipa girl, the author's relegation life) full of emotional components; the description of the scenery, the atmosphere of the background; the characters of the action, psychological detail; characters to the lyrical way of pouring out the sadness; the ingenious illustration of a good explanation and discussion of the skillful interspersed, "before the tune of the first feeling". The tune of the first love", "seems to tell the life of the uninspired", "say all the infinite things in the heart", "the first for the" Nishang "after" six "Missy", "There are other dark sorrows and hatred, at this time no sound is better than sound" and so on, for shaping the image of the pipa woman, there is the eye of the wonderful, but also can not be ignored.

All of this makes the poem full of lyrical breath, to achieve a close integration of narrative and lyricism, enhance the emotional color and artistic charm of the work.

5, image analogy, lyricism

"Pipa Xing" shaped two characters. In the mid-Tang Dynasty, when the commercial economy was developed and the city prospered abnormally, and in the political background of mutual rivalry and dangerous career paths at that time, the image of the pipa girl and the image of the poet have their typical significance in reality. The poem uses image analogies to compare the sadness and anger between the two people and their misfortunes, and then finally integrates them into one, so as to conclude that both artistic images have the feeling of being unrecognized for their talents and falling to the ends of the earth. Image analogies, lyricism, rich in strong artistic infectivity.

6, the structure is rigorous

The poem starts from "sending guests", and then writes "searching for the sound", "inviting the bomb", "asking", "asking", "asking", "asking", "asking", "asking", "asking", "asking", "asking", "asking", "asking", "asking", "asking", and "asking".

The poem begins with "sending off the guest" and continues with a series of interrelated and advancing episodes such as "searching for sound", "inviting the player", "inquiring", "complaining", and "lamenting". These episodes are divided into one scene each, and together they are a complete and harmonious poem.

3. Homework:

1. Memorize the whole poem

3. Knowledge Points of Pipa Xing and its Preface in the Eighth Lesson of the First Book of the First Year of Higher Education of the Ministry of Editing Edition

Pipa Xing and its Preface is one of the long musical poems of the Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi. Bai Juyi 772-846, the name of Xiangshan Jushi, Henan Province, Xinzheng people. The main poet of the Tang Dynasty Mr..

Second, the background

Tang Yuanhe eleven years in the fall, the poet was relegated to Jiangzhou Sima has been two years, the poet in Xunyang River head to send off the guests, met a young art skills, old abandoned songstress, the mood is very depressed, combined with their own encounters, created this poem.

Third, the words explain

(1) left relocation: demotion, demotion. It is synonymous with "banishment" as mentioned below. In ancient times, the right was honored by the left, so the demotion was called the left relocation.

(2) clang clang: describes the sound of metal, jade, and so on.

(3) Kyoto sound: refers to the sound of music popular in the capital city of the Tang Dynasty.

(4) advocate women: songstresses. Advocates, ancient singing and dancing artists.

(5) good talent: the common name for pipa masters or masters. It means "capable".

(6) Commitment: to the body, here refers to the meaning of marriage.

(7) for: to do.

(8) Jia (gǔ) man: a merchant.

(9) order wine: tell (the men) to set out wine.

(10) fast: unimpeded.

(11) Drift: to drift and fall.

(12) out of the official: (Beijing official) out of the transfer.

(13) Serenity: the appearance of calmness and tranquility.

(14) move banishment (zhé): demotion or exile.

(15) for: to create.

(16) long lines: refers to seven-character poems.

(17) song: to make a song, verb.

(18) Van: total ****.

(19) Words: words.

(20) Order: name, title.

(21) Xunyang River: according to research, for the flow of pen water in the city of Xunyang, that is, the present-day Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang City in the Longkai River (in 97 years was artificially filled in), through the mouth of the Penpu injected into the Yangtze River.

(22) Ogi (dí) flowers: perennial herbs, born at the water's edge, long-shaped leaves, like reeds, purple flowers in the fall.

(23) Serge: describes the sound of maple trees and reeds being blown by the autumn wind.

(24) master: the poet refers to himself.

(25) Back to the light: re-dial the light. Back: again. One said to move the light.

(26) cover: cover up, curb.

(27) Si: sad feelings.

(28) Faithfulness: casually.

(29) Continuously play: play continuously.

(30) Gathering: the fingers of the left hand push inward (the middle of the pipa) by pressing the strings.

(31) Twist: the action of vibrating the strings.

(32) Wiping: the action of plucking with the down hand

(33) Picking: the action of plucking back with the back hand.

(34) "Nishang": that is, "Nishang Yuyi Qu", originally Western music and dance, the Tang Kaiyuan years of the Western Liang Festival Minister Yang Jingshu according to the song after the creation of sound into the Central Plains.

(35) "six youngest": the name of the big song, also known as "Le Shi", "Green Waist", "Recorded to be", for the song and dance.

(36) big string: the thickest string on the lute.

(37) Cacophony: the sound is heavy and subdued.

(38) Small string: the thinnest string on the pipa.

(39) Cheche: describes the sound as urgent and delicate.

(40) Between the passes: onomatopoeia, which describes the sound of "warbling" (bird song)

(41) Yuzheng: curbing the smoothness of the situation.

(42) difficult under the ice: spring flow under the ice blockage difficult to pass, describing the sound of music from smooth to cold. Difficult, as opposed to slippery, with the meaning of astringent.

(43) condensation: stagnation.

(44) dark hatred: inner resentment.

(45) Burst: splash.

(46) The end of the song: the end of the music.

(47) Dangxinhua (当心画): to cross the four strings with a pluck in the middle of the pipa, a right-hand technique often used at the end of a piece.

(48) Paleo: a general term for silk fabric in ancient times.

(49) Boat: boat.

(50) Convergence: convergence of facial expression (of grief and deep resentment in deep thought).

(51) shrimp (há) toad ling: "shrimp" through "clam". In the southeast of Chang'an City, near the Qujiang River, it was a famous amusement area at that time.

(52) Church Square: the Tang dynasty management of the official office of the palace band. The first part: as said the first regiment, the first team.

(53) Qiu Niang: Tang dynasty song and dance ji common name. Generally refers to the beautiful and artistic Geisha at that time.

(54) five mausoleums: outside the city of Chang'an, refers to the Changling, Anling, Yangling, Maoling, Pingling five Han Dynasty emperors' mausoleums, is the rich and powerful people at that time live in the place.

(55) Tangled head: the use of brocade and silk and other belongings to the song and dance ji women. Refers to the ancient reward to the singing and dancing women's wealth gift, the Tang Dynasty with silk, and later generations with other property.

(56) raw silk: fine and light silk fabric. The first is a kind of raw silk fabric.

(57) Tin (diàn) head: the two ends of the hair grate decorated with flower tin; silver grate (bì): a "cloud grate", decorated with gold and jade jewelry.

(58) beat: beat. Originally, wooden or bamboo boards were used to beat the beat during songs and dances

(59) Waiting to be idle: casual and unimportant.

(60) color is old: the appearance of aging.

(61) Furiang: ancient county name, Tang belongs to Raozhou. In today's Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province, producing tea.

(62) go to come: after parting. Come, tone of voice.

(63) Dream Cries and Makeup Tears: Cries in a dream, with tear marks on the face that has been evenly powdered.

(64) The Red Rectangle: the tears and powder flowed all over the face.

(65) re: re, again and again.

(66) Kiki: sigh.

(67)呕哑嘲哳(zhāozhā)：呕哑, onomatopoeia, describing monotonous musical sounds; mock, describing the sounds of the complicated, also as twitter".

(68) pipa: pipa sound, the music played by the pipa.

(69) Tentative: suddenly, all at once.

(70) but sit: return to the original place.

(71) Promote the strings: twist the strings more tightly.

(72) Forward sound: the monotone that has just been played.

(73) Covering up weeping: to cover up one's face and weep.

(74) Green Shirt: the color of clothing for civil officials of the eighth and ninth ranks in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi's official rank at that time was a general, from the ninth grade, so he wore a green shirt.