The ancient town of Fengjing is located in the southwest of Shanghai. Historically, Fengjing is known as the famous town of Wuyue because it is located at the confluence of Wuyue and Zhejiang. Nowadays, it is the most important "Southwest Gateway" for Shanghai to the Southwest provinces as it borders with five counties in Shanghai and Zhejiang (Jinshan, Songjiang, Qingpu, Jiashan, and Pinghu).
Fengjing is a typical Jiangnan water town. The ancient town is surrounded by water networks, the town of rivers and streams, there are 52 bridges, the most ancient for the Yuan Dynasty Zhihe Bridge, according to today's history of nearly 700 years. The town is large in scale, the town has 29 streets, workshops, 84 alleys and lanes. Still well-preserved peace street, production street, north street, friendly street four ancient buildings, a total area of 48,750 square meters (excluding other neighborhoods preserved ancient buildings). It is a large-scale and well-preserved water town in Shanghai.
Fengjing Town, founded in Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty, is an ancient civilized town with a history of more than 1,500 years, spanning the boundaries of Wu and Yue. Fengjing town is a typical Jiangnan water town, around the water network all over the area of the river, known as "three steps two bridges, a look at the ten ports," said the town more than a small dike, shaped like a lotus leaf; the territory of the shade of the forest, huts, clear streams, and planted all over the lotus, elegant and beautiful, so it is also known as the "Qingfengjing ", "Maple Creek", also known as "Hibiscus Town".
Fengjing has a well-developed culture and is the birthplace of Jinshan peasant paintings, which are famous both in China and abroad. Fengjing people love life, blue prints, furniture carving, stove wall paintings, lanterns, paper cutting, embroidery, weaving and other folk art has a long history. The rich folk culture and art have given birth to Jinshan peasant paintings. Jinshan farmers, mainly Fengjing farmer painters, have created a rich local flavor and unique artistic style of Jinshan farmer paintings, which have had a wide impact at home and abroad. The amount of painting museums in the town of famous painters also have many ancestral homes. Cheng Shifa's ancestral home on Heping Street has been restored and opened. North Street, Ding Cong cartoon showroom in the two-story Chinese and Western-style building, an ancient ginkgo in front of the building, a clump of big ba. The museum displays the life of Ding Cong and more than a hundred cartoons, humorous drawings often make people stop and linger. The Jinshan Farmer Painting Exhibition Center in Shengtang Lane of South Main Street is located in the study building of Cai Yitai, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, which is as elegant as possible, and a set of pictures reveals a rich local flavor. Peasant paintings and Ding Cong's cartoons, Cheng Shifa's paintings and Gu Shuiru's Go, which have considerable influence at home and abroad, are concentrated in Fengjing town, a rare regional cultural phenomenon.
In the town government opposite the Xijie River along the river, there is a 600-meter-long ancient mansion, building area of 12,000 square meters. Ancient theater to the west, located in Heping Street, No. 92 of the old Qing Post Office, gray walls and black tiles, solid structure, both sides of the door frame are stone pillars, high above the doorway, "Post and Telecommunications Bureau," a few words in plain sight, which is not much of the Shanghai region, the former site of a Qing Post Office. Due to the developed culture and economic prosperity, Fengjing is one of the few ancient towns in Jiangnan where Taoism, Buddhism, Catholicism and Christianity are fully practiced. As early as the first year of Liang Tianjian in the Southern Dynasty (502 years), Fengjing south fence has built a Taoist temple, Ming and Qing dynasties, Buddhism is prevalent, streets, alleys, miles, neighborhoods all over the temple, the whole town **** there are 3 monasteries and temples. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Catholicism and Christianity also began to be introduced to the indispensable part of the resources of Fenghua. Going to the Sex Jue Zen Temple, Shi Wang Temple, Yu Family Ancestral Hall and other humanistic landscapes, you can find the ancient north-south partition of Fengjing Town, half of the historical relics of the Wu land and half of the Vietnamese territory.
Fengjing has a simple folk style, advocating cultivation and study, focusing on education and career, and has nurtured 3 scholars, 56 jinshi, 125 lifts, and 235 cultural celebrities (among them: 100 magistrates, 3 ministers of six ministries, and 2 prime ministers), and 639 celebrities since the Tang Dynasty with historical records. In the ancient times, there are Lu Zhi, the prime minister of Tang Dynasty; Chen Shunyu, the minister of Tuantian in Song Dynasty, Xu Kecheng, the scholar; Chen Yicheng, the imperial physician of the Imperial Hospital who had followed Zheng He to the West Ocean in Ming Dynasty; Xie Yong, the scholar in Qing Dynasty, Cai Yitai, and Xie Lawrence, who had reached the position of the Cabinet Minister and the left attendant of the Ministry of Ministry of Revenue; and Shen Rongcheng, the folk singer, and so on. In the modern times, there are Zhu Xuefan, vice chairman of the National People's Congress, Gu Shuiru, a famous Go player, Ding Cong, a famous cartoonist, Cheng Shifa, a master of Chinese painting, and Yuan Shizhao and Lu Longfei, the seniors of the revolution, etc. They have left precious treasures for Fengjing. They left precious historical relics and legends for Fengjing.
Fengjing Town was founded in Song Dynasty and built in Yuan Dynasty. It is an ancient civilized town with a history of more than 1,500 years, spanning across the borders of Wu and Yue. Fengjing town is a typical Jiangnan water town, around the water network all over the area of the river, known as "three steps two bridges, a look at the ten ports," said the town more than a small dike, shaped like a lotus leaf; the territory of the shade of the forest, huts, clear streams, and planted all over the lotus, elegant and beautiful, so it's also known as the "Qingfengjing ", "Maple Creek", alias "Hibiscus Town". September 2005 was selected as the second batch of Chinese famous historical and cultural towns list.
Entering the stone pagoda of "Fengjing" with three rooms and four columns, walking along the city river and the forked creek that surrounds the old town, penetrating into the stone workshop of "Dongjie", walking through the old street along the river with one brick and stone slabs, crossing one stone bridge after another, a piece of ancient building clusters along the five-mile-long road. The ancient buildings are spread out along the five-mile-long river street. Every morning, the river bridge side of the teahouse of the movement of tea, the four townships of the fishing boats through the waterfront of the river, the stone river port, concentrated to the long river corridor in front of the shed rows into the fish market, the river ripples, as the ballad sings "January snail February clams, peach blossoms in March, turtle fertilizer ......".
Through the stone pagoda into the production of the street, along the river a long row of curved stretches of black porch shed, black tile roof, black brick pavement, a big red lantern in the corridor under the eaves of the high hanging, is the so-called ancient lanes through the secluded. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, this street had one rice shop after another, and there were wind and rain porches in front of every house, but in recent times, most of them have been withered, and now the porches are rebuilt; usually, young people go to work, and the old grannies make a platform under the porch on the bank of the river, slaughtering fish and panning rice, washing vegetables and raining clothes; the old houses on the street, though not big in size, are long and narrow, and you can see that they are deep in the courtyards; the river streets of Fengjing are all with one side of the family pillowed by the river, and one side of the family faced by the river; on the opposite side of the river are the old houses on Heping Street, which are pillowed by the river. On the opposite side of the river is the old house on Heping Street, and on the east end, a flying beams and painted buildings, Chinese drama began to take shape, and in the Song and Jin dynasties, the drama was formally formed this stone base and warped corners of the ancient stage, which is a kind of outdoor stage specially designed for performances in the ancient times. In the middle of the Tang Dynasty, a form of literature and art. At that time, the theater performance place collectively known as the theater, Tang poetry and "music shed", "song stage", "stage", "terrace In the Tang Dynasty, the names of "Le Peng", "Song Terrace", "Stage" and "Terrace" were recorded; in the Song Dynasty, the name evolved into "Hook Ranch" and "Invitation Hut", and the stage of "Hook Ranch" had a fixed roof. In the Yuan Dynasty, Chinese opera reached its heyday, and the name "stage" also appeared formally. Fengjing ancient theater built in the city temple square, one side of the street, the other side of the river, every time the play, from the waterway boat came to sit on the boat can watch the play. In the Qing Dynasty, there were temple fairs in the North and South City God Temple. Renewal of Fengjing Xiaozhi", "to the period of the ladies and gentlemen pour room to see, within a hundred miles of the people who came by wind, oars and boats gathered, the river plug can not be." This shows the grandeur of the festival. At that time, traders, Beijing opera troupe, circus and so on gathered in Fengjing, the ancient stage is very lively on and off the stage. Now the ancient stage is rebuilt, after the reconstruction of the ancient stage width of 64 meters, depth of 44 meters, the stage area of 28 square meters, hermetic roof, flying eaves and corners, ancient meaning. The opposite side of the stage, a row of old houses near the river, is the morning society teahouse, visitors can pick the window seat to sit down and rest, one side of the tea, one side of the opera, but also the window view, leisurely, not happy! Legend has it that the beauty of the corridor shed on the bank across the river can watch the show.
Stepping over the Zodiac stone, in the east of the promenade, Chenghuangmiao Bridge, there is a conspicuous Western-style red facade, which is the East Fire Council site, the only surviving complete modern fire fighting organizations in Shanghai, in front of the river docked a red fireboat, is the last one of the Shanghai water fireboat. Heping Street, the former housing management compound is being rebuilt "three hundred garden", stone masonry gate, three courtyard, is a collection of three exhibits hundred kinds of folk supplies collection of museums, has been built to arrange the official opening of a hundred baskets Museum, a hundred baskets Museum is located in the middle of the row of buildings, the front of the courtyard, a huge replica of the ancient Yuanbao blue, placed in the courtyard side of the center! A huge replica of the ancient Yuanbao blue, placed in the center of the courtyard side, became the symbol of the Basket Museum. The museum collected a variety of baskets in the Jiangnan water village farmers, there are a hundred pieces of various uses, different shapes and forms of baskets in kind, a comprehensive reflection of the basket and the people's lives through the ages is closely related to the situation: the birth of the cradle to sleep, reading a book basket, set up in the family's hamper, as well as daily use of rice baskets, food baskets, graves and ancestors with the incense basket, do birthday with the life of the basket, the needle and thread basket used by the women and the steaming of the things in the baking baskets, smoke baskets and so on! The list goes on and on. "Bamboo baskets are carried at dawn, and children buy spring vegetables." Bai Juyi's poem vividly describes how baskets have been integrated into the lives of Jiangnan families. From the folk song reflecting the landscape of Fengjing, "There are many rivers and bridges, many alleys, and many, many blue heads", we can see how much baskets have become a part of people's lives in the south of the Yangtze River. There is also a place on Heping Street that has retained its history from the second half of the 19th century, which is worth seeing.
North Street is the most complete preservation of the old commercial street style street. Through the streets of stone, walking on a flat boardwalk, a glance, narrow streets on both sides of the two-story buildings, in which, looking up at the sky, you can only see a narrow line of sky, a wooden lattice window reveals the original color of the wood. Buildings on the side of the street are all flat structure, can not see the characteristics and scale of each building, and from the back door of the city river look, the house are branching out of the river, or heavy eaves stacked tiles, or soaring riding tower, or hook rail pavilion, or the bottom of the water near the terrace, layer after layer of stone steps to the river port, or leaning on the Zhu Pavilion, the small windows, composed of a multi-colored scenery of the water township residential, and occasionally there are small and large Jiangnan cruise ships traveling through which, the people scene! The sun is setting, it is really China's water town, the Venice of the East.
The ancient stores and workshops in North Street are concentrated, and handicrafts have always been developed. As early as in the Song Dynasty, there are iron, wood, bamboo, agricultural tools and daily commodities handmade. Textile technology into, spinning and weaving prevalent in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Fengjing is located in the national production and trade center of the cotton textile industry, "the cloth, day by day to ten thousand". According to history: "Hundreds of cloth companies in the former Ming Dynasty, all in Songjiang, Fengjing, Zhujing Leye, and dyeing, kicking workshop, merchants and businessmen all from it." At that time, there were more than 200 cloth houses in Fengjing town. In the Qing Dynasty, there were many layouts in the town, and Jiangnan Weavers also set up organizations and workshops in Fengjing to produce and purchase cotton textiles. Fengjing cloth was marketed nationwide. Fengjing, together with Shengze and Nanxun, became the most famous ancient towns in Jiangnan at that time. In the late Qing Dynasty, the rice bran industry replaced the declining cloth industry, making Fengjing industrial and commercial prosperity again. In modern times, Fengjing thin rice and Fengjing pigs became well-known brands of agricultural and sideline industries, and since the 1930s, Fengjing has become an important producer of yellow wine in China. Yellow wine, together with the three specialties that have been sold for more than a hundred years, namely Fengjing Dinghou, Guihua Zongyuan Cake and Tianxiang Tofu, are nowadays known as the "Four Treasures of Fengjing". In modern times, most of the ancient workshops have fallen into disrepair, and the best preserved one is No. 375 Shi Taishan Pharmacy (medicine store). In order to show the ancient handicraft production conditions, now the handicraft workshops concentrated in the North Street planning for the handmade workshop in accordance with the ancient form, configuration of production equipment, training of relevant personnel, when the visitors to show the ancient weaving, iron, pharmaceuticals and the manufacture of bamboo and wood utensils and other handicrafts production techniques. Visitors can also be hands-on experience. In these workshops, you can pick and buy original, earthy handicrafts. Of course, you can also try to make your own small bamboo tube, small shovel, small hoe, cloth shoes, cloth head scarf ......
The ancient town of Fengjing is surrounded by a network of water, and most of the people build their houses along the river. It is very convenient to shop on the river with boats coming and going. The town area of the river, numerous bridges, known as the "three steps two bridges, a look at the ten harbor" said. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were 52 bridges in the town, and now more than ten bridges are still preserved. The oldest one is the Zhihe Bridge next to the South Main Street, which was built in the Yuan Dynasty, and it is simple and strong, with mosses growing in the stone cracks of the bridge, and there are stone steps under the bridge at the two ends of the bridge and the water jetty. Looking from the bridge, both sides of the green trees, green bushes, ancient houses and river ports, before the rainbow bridge lying down, after the stone bridge across, everywhere small bridges and flowing homes. Shen Rongcheng wrote in "Fengxi Bamboo Branch Lyrics" that "the swing set is next to the Rainbow Bridge, and the festival of the Qingming Festival is full of beautiful scenery". Walked to the Hongqiao canal, the city river into a zigzag vertical, to the three sides of the river look, a look at the three bridges, three look at the nine bridges. According to the introduction, here will be built a nine bridge pavilion, so that tourists can enjoy the bridge township style. Hongqiao opposite Friendship Street, along the river on both sides of the residential complex is the original late Qing style. "Zhouzhuang Twin Bridges are famous for their beauty, and Fengjing Three Bridges have unrivaled views." The upcoming restoration and reconstruction of the Fengjing Three Bridges attraction will become a landscape of the Fengjing Ancient Town Tour.
[edit]Zhujiajiao Ancient Town Tourism Area - Features
The charming natural scenery of the famous town of Zhujiajiao, in a mountain and a lake. Real water shows the characteristics of the Jiangnan water town, the mountain called Mount Dianshan, although the mountain is not high, the fame is great, for the western Zhejiang Tianmu remaining veins, this mountain for the beginning, such as climbing the mountain looking at the lake, there is "Dianfeng evening light" a view can be appreciated.
Lake, that is, the natural freshwater Dianshan Lake, an area of 62 square kilometers, most of the eastern part of the lake in the Zhujiajiao realm area, there are 11 Hangzhou West Lake area is large, boat tour of the lake, a vast expanse of water and sky, the lakes and the reeds gently shaking, startled ducks and waterfowls, feel far away from the hustle and bustle of the world, a relaxed and happy mind. The famous town of Zhujiajiao more fascinating, more ancient town characteristics of the human landscape, is a bridge, a street, a temple, a temple, a hall, a pavilion, two gardens, three bays, twenty-six lanes. If the 900-year-old water town of Zhouzhuang is small and delicate, like a small family, and the millennium old town of Zhujiajiao has a magnificent, big girl's style. First of all, the ancient town of Zhujiajiao covers an area of 1.5 square kilometers, more than three times the area of Zhouzhuang, home to a large, natural place to play more, Cao Gang River will be divided into two halves of Zhujiajiao, the north bank of the Jingting Harbor, the south bank of the northern street, both sides of the meandering alleys, granite street surface, brick and tile Ming and Qing dynasty buildings and numerous historical sites.
A bridge, when pushing the Shanghai first stone arch release bridge, but also the largest five-hole large stone bridge in the south of the Yangtze River, magnificent. Standing on the top of the bridge, see the July 27th swinging fast boat, is no better, and the other three dozen ancient stone bridge of the magnificent is not inferior to Zhouzhuang, on the construction and craftsmanship, Zhujiajiao Zhonghe Bridge and Xijie Bridge than the Zhouzhuang double bridge is more solid, and those characteristics of the bridge is incomparable to the Zhouzhuang. Three steps away from the "high and low bridge", "miniature landscape" of the class planting bridge, "card cackling" sound Qi Jia Bridge, "commemorating the national shame" Yongfeng Bridge "Yongfeng Bridge" .......
A street, that is the first Ming and Qing Dynasty Street in Shanghai, North Street, long after the vicissitudes of life, but also preserved so original flavor, that "one line of heaven" unique construction, people wonder. There are "three miles of long street, a thousand stores," said the North Street, old-fashioned store signs standing, red lanterns hanging high, become the most lively ancient town of Jiangnan old streets, is the other ancient towns in Jiangnan can not be expected.
A temple, is the Temple of the State, for the Jade Buddha Temple in Shanghai under the hospital, the temple of Myanmar white jade carved Sakyamuni Jade Buddha, Singapore presented the first white jade Guanyin and a thousand years of ancient ginkgo, known as the Temple of the State "three treasures".
A temple, is the City God Temple, has a history of more than 200 years of City God Temple, green tile and yellow walls, flying dragons and horns, auspicious gourd, lattice floor to ceiling long windows, presenting the ancient meaning, smoke curls, solemn and magnificent scene. Among them, "arch stage", "woodcut beam" and "center hall scroll" (now abolished) are known as "three treasures" of Shing Wong Temple. ", very rare.
A hall, is Xi's hall, set Jiangnan rich family building of the great success, especially "wall door brick carving" is a masterpiece, its beautiful pattern, carving of fine, skillful, let a person marvel at. A museum, that is, "Wang Chang Memorial Hall", exhibits the Qing Dynasty Qianlong nineteen years, the right minister of the Ministry of Justice, known as the "Wuzhong seven sons" of Wang Chang's wax man wax statues, poems and paintings, inscriptions, looms, old-fashioned beds and other nearly one hundred pieces of physical exhibits, rich in content, informative historical information, and the crystal position is extremely high. The crystal position is extremely high.
The two gardens, is the class planting garden and bead stream garden, an ancient, a modern; a huge, a delicate, reflecting each other. Courses and planting garden is a manor-style garden buildings, covering an area of 96 acres, the garden by Ma Wenqing built in 1912, is a "class while reading, while farming and planting" should be the name of the garden, the garden is built with a book city, but also open up the village of rice, the garden pavilions and pavilions, corridors and bridges and trees, the hall room Xuan, a full range of all sorts of buildings and living room more than 200, the layout is staggered, sparse and dense. Staggered, sparse, well conceived, in the private garden architecture is rare. Pearl River Garden, was built in 1956, covers an area of more than 70 acres, small and exquisite, beautiful scenery, arranged into spring, autumn, winter three gardens, each with its own characteristics, but also a children's playground, restaurants, tea rooms, stores, for rest, eating, shopping, playing in one of the ideal place.
The three bays, namely: Sanyang Bay, Sedan Chair Bay, Maitou Bay. People walking on the street, before and after the left and right are houses, thought to the end of the road, right-angle corner, a street market in front of the eyes, people have a wonderful feeling of a different world, this old street appeared in the peculiar corner of the landscape, is a rare sight of other ancient towns, non-Zhujiajiao can not see.
Twenty-six lanes, actually Zhu Jiajiao's ancient lanes more than 26, every street and every road has a lane, road through the street, street through the lane, lane through the lane, forming a network chessboard pattern, Zhu Jiajiao's ancient lanes and alleys to more, ancient, strange, deep, famous, which in general, Jiangnan, other towns can not be compared. Walking through the alley, such as into the Vertigo, fun, searching for ancient ghosts, to appreciate the northern hutong style of interest, but also has a different and similar wonderful. In recent years, the "old lane tourism" more and more favored by outsiders and foreigners, is a valuable, to be further developed virgin land.
The famous town of Zhujiajiao fascinating place is also known as the "three more", that is, more celebrities, more buildings in the Ming and Qing dynasties, river port, cable stone, teahouse more.
First of all, more celebrities, mainly Zhujiajiao quiet environment, pleasant climate, is to study the feng shui treasure, traditionally literary Confucianism, talent, Ming and Qing dynasties **** out of the 16 jinshi, lifts more than 40 people. Among them, the high visibility of the Qing dynasty scholars Wang Chang, the Imperial Doctor Chen Lianfang, novelist Lu Tuling, newspaper magnate Xizi Pei, painting monks language stone, etc..
Secondly, the deep house of Ming and Qing dynasty buildings. Historically, many rich and noble families and literati built their homes here, and there are 400 to 500 old houses in the town, with firewalls, shikumen, and walled homes everywhere. There are dozens of old houses in the town, including "Mao Fishing Village", "Wang Chang's Former Residence", "Fu Cui Suizhi", Xi's Hall, Lu's Family, Chen Lianfang's Former Residence, Zhong's Hall, and countless other buildings along the streets of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Third, the river port, cable stone, teahouse more. Zhujiajiao is the hometown of water, water, more bridges, more river ports, close together with the cable car stone, but also countless, the shape of the water bridge, the cable car stone, covered with the town of the river and alleys, the unique landscape of the Jiangnan water town, a careful appreciation of the observation, I do not think it is interesting, intriguing, is a combination of history, cultural relics, architecture, style, art and other content. There are protruding stone barge "two sides of the river bank", there are concave stone barge "one side of the river bank", and more "people from the front door into the river from the back of the house out of the beach" of the "stealthy river port". Invisible river port". And those inlaid in the water lane stone barge on the granite relief cable boat stone is a wide range of interesting, some carved into a bull's horns, some chiseled into a sword, some carved into a monster, grim-faced, some faceted into a Ruyi, presenting auspicious, simple beauty, these have been hundreds of years of history of the art of carving will be the ancient town embellished with a more charming. Ancient town teahouse, mostly concentrated in the Fangshengqiao, North Street area, no less than a dozen valves, there are luxurious new "Fangshengqiao teahouse", there is a long time ago the old "club teahouse", and even more colorful and ancient "River interesting floor ", there are rows of doors and boards, a few tables and benches, simple and cheap farm teahouse, the most interesting and delightful is the "teahouse to the cruise ship" on the "cruise ship teahouse", divided into two floors, cabin on the top, can be seated! Tea guests, tea boat is also equipped with television, poker, chess, wet and dry snacks, tea on board the tea boat, look at the bridge, look at the water, listen to the water, it is very leisurely, not happy.
[Edit Paragraph]Introduction
Yu Garden is located in the northeast of Shanghai's Old City Hall, close to Fuyou Road in the north, Anren Street in the east, and connected to the Old City God Temple and Yuyuan Shopping Center in the southwest. It is the only remaining Ming Dynasty garden in the Old City Hall. Inside the garden, the pavilions are different, the mountains and rocks are lofty, the lake is brimming with light, and it has been known as "the wondrous beauty of Jiangnan". The Yuyuan Garden was built during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, and was originally a private garden of the Pan family. The Yuyuan Garden was built in 1559, more than 400 years ago. It was originally a private garden in the Ming Dynasty, covering an area of more than 30 acres. In the garden, there are Sui Hall, large rockery, iron lions, fast building, moon building, Yu Linglong, jade water corridor, listening to the Tao Pavilion, Han Bi Building, the inner garden of the Jing Guan Hall, the ancient stage and other pavilions, as well as rockery, pond and other more than 40 ancient buildings, well-designed, delicate layout, to the secluded and beautiful, exquisite and transparent, with the characteristics of the small in the big, reflecting the style of the southern gardens of Ming and Qing dynasties architectural art, is a pearl of the Jiangnan classical gardens. It is a pearl among the classical gardens in Jiangnan.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, during the revolt of the Dagger Society, the Yuyuan Garden was used as a command center in the north of the city. Yuyuan Garden through the rise and fall, increasingly dilapidated. After the liberation, the people's government of the Yuyuan Garden for large-scale repairs, when most of the landscape restored. The whole garden can be divided into four major scenic spots. Inside the Garden, there are hundreds of plaques and inscriptions, most of which are handwritten by famous artists. In 1959, the Yuyuan Garden was listed as a municipal-level cultural relics protection unit, and in February 1982, it was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit.
[edit]History
Pan Yunduan, the owner of Yuyuan Garden, was the son of Pan En, the Minister of Justice of the Ming Dynasty. In 1559, Pan Yunduan failed to pass the examination of the Ministry of Justice, so he started to build a garden in the northwestern corner of Chenghuangmiao (the area around Wutong Road and Ma Yuan Lane, east of present-day Anren Street), and then started to build a garden on the vegetable beds west of his family's residence, Shichuntang, where he gathered stones and chiseled pools, and constructed pavilions with art and bamboos. Jiajing 41 years, Pan Yunduan out of the field, have no time to take care of the garden, its "Yuyuan record" said: "hanging 20 years, repeatedly made repeatedly stop, no achievement."
Wanli five years (1577), Pan Yunduan from the Chief Secretary of Sichuan dismissed to return to his hometown, will focus on once again operating the expansion of this garden, "every year, all the harvest for the capital of the camp," and hiring horticultural master Zhang Nanyang as the design and stacked mountains. Thereafter, the garden became bigger and bigger, and the pool became wider and wider. Completed at the end of the Wanli period, the total area was said to be more than 70 mu. The whole garden is full of pavilions and pavilions, winding paths and corridors, strange peaks and rocks, ponds and streams and flowers and trees are covered, the scale is magnificent, the scenery is exquisite.
The Ming Dynasty in the middle and later leaves is at the Jiangnan literati garden flourishing period, Shanghai near the private garden no less than thousands, and Yuyuan "land with the victory of the mountain streams and gullies, the water pole island beach Liangdu interest", its scenery, layout, scale and Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden, Taicang? Mountain Garden comparable to Suzhou, Taicang, recognized as the "southeast of the famous garden crown.
Pan Yunduan in the "Yuyuan" noted that "the plaque said 'Yuyuan', to take the pleasure of the old pro-intention". "Yu", there is a "safe", "peace" meaning. It is clear that Pan Yunduan built the garden is to let the parents in the garden to spend their twilight years. However, due to the long delay, Pan En died when the garden was just completed, and the Yuyuan Garden actually became Pan Yunduan's own place of retreat and enjoyment. Pan Yunduan used to hold banquets and performances in the garden, invite immortals to do mediumship, tell fortunes, celebrate the birthday of his ancestors, write music books, play cricket, fly kites, buy and sell antiques and paintings, etc. He even scolded his slave girls and punished the servants with shackles, etc. Monks, nuns, fortune-tellers, prostitutes, etc. were also present. Monks, nuns, fortune-tellers, prostitutes, the three religions, and diners frequented the Yuyuan Garden. Due to the long time of profligate spending and the cost of building the garden, the family's business declined. When Pan Yunduan was alive, he relied on the sale of fields and antiques to maintain. After the death of Pan Yunduan, the garden became more and more deserted. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Pan's Yu Garden was once owned by Zhang Zhaolin, a senator in the General Department of Justice (Pan Yunduan's grandson-in-law). In the early Qing Dynasty, Yuyuan Garden changed ownership several times, the garden site was also divided by foreigners. In the early Kangxi years, some Shanghai gentry converted several halls in the Yuyuan Garden into the Qinghe Academy, in which Zhang Shengqu, the governor of Songjiang, was enshrined. Before the construction of the academy was completed, Zhang Shengqu was deposed and the construction was stopped immediately. The pavilions and platforms in the garden were half dilapidated, the grass was full of ponds, some places became vegetable beds, the beautiful scenery has become a piece of desolation.
In the 48th year of the Kangxi period (1709), the Shanghai gentry for the public **** the need for activities, the purchase of the eastern part of the City God Temple land 2 acres to build the temple garden, that is, the spirit of the Garden, also known as the East Garden (today's Inner Garden). In the 25th year of the Qianlong reign (1760), some wealthy merchants and gentry raised funds to buy the old land of Yuyuan in the north and northwest of the temple, and restored the appearance of the gardens in those years. Completed in the forty-ninth year of the Qianlong (1784), which took more than 20 years. Since there was already an "East Garden", the restored garden in the west was called "West Garden". The garden base was originally said to be more than 70 acres, according to the Tongzhi seven years (1868), less than 37 acres.
After the restoration of the West Garden, East Garden has been the nature of non-private gardens, for the city and township scholars and gentry to gather elegant play temple garden, but the scale and layout in accordance with the Pan's Yuyuan, retained the literati house garden Ming Xiu elegant and clean style. The original adjacent to the lotus pond Le Shou Hall has been dilapidated, re-establishment of the West Garden, built on the original site of the shape of the tall, gorgeous and spacious three Sui Hall.
During the Opium War, the Garden was destroyed. Daoguang twenty-second year (1842) on the eleventh day of the fifth lunar month, the British army drove in from the north gate, stationed in the Yuyuan Garden and the City God Temple, the headquarters is located in the Lake Pavilion. Yuyuan Garden, "the scenery like a wash, spring stone colorless". Xianfeng five years (1855) the failure of the Dagger Society uprising, the Qing army stationed in Yuyuan, Xiangxue Hall, point spring hall, Guihua Hall, the moon building, Flower God Pavilion, Lotus Hall were destroyed. Xianfeng ten years, the Taiping army's eastward campaign, the Qing government asked the foreign gun team into the city's defense, Yuyuan Garden and as a barracks, "West Park Rock Hill, all demolished fill pool", the construction of Western-style barracks.
Qing Jiaqing, Daoguang years, Shanghai's rapid commercial development, some commercial guilds in the Yuyuan Park, set up a public office of the same industry, as the same industry between the gods, deliberations, banquets, travel and enjoyment place. In the seventh year of Tongzhi, the West Garden was divided into various industrial offices, and each of them raised funds for restoration. Since then, the garden teahouse taverns rose one after another, vendors gathered, lotus pond southwest of an open space, some jianghu artists, such as face reading, selling pear paste candy, pulling the film, etc. set up stalls in this, and gradually become a fixed temple market, and later evolved into a shopping mall. The first year of Guangxu (1875), Yuyuan 21 industrial and commercial sectors such as bean and rice industry, sugar industry, cloth industry set up public offices, some public offices also set up schools, the old monuments are becoming obliterated. During the Republic of China, Yuyuan has been a small road (now Yuyuan Road) divided into two valves north and south, the ancient buildings broken, completely different, some of them converted into private houses, Ninghui Pavilion, Qingfen Hall, Haole Boat, Green Wave Gallery became a restaurant, dim sum store, teahouse respectively. Xiangxue Hall was burnt down by the Japanese army in August 13th Songhu War, except for the Yu Linglong rockery in front of the hall, only a piece of empty land was left. Fortunately, the important parts of the garden point spring hall, three Sui Hall, the large rockery and some pavilions, ancient trees, still preserved.
After the liberation, Yuyuan was properly protected. 1956 approved by the municipal government, set aside special funds, directly organized by the Municipal Bureau of Culture, special teams, employing the Shanghai Civil Design Institute and Tongji University architectural experts as well as skilled craftsmen and women, Yuyuan comprehensive restoration, which lasted five years, invested millions of dollars to repair and rebuild the destroyed three Sui Hall, Yuhua Hall, will be the King Building, Nine Lions Xuan and other ancient buildings, dredging! Dredging of silted ponds, planting a large number of trees and plants, and the Yuyuan Garden and the inner garden connected into one.
After the restoration of the Yuyuan Garden gate from the original east Anren Street to the southwest of the garden. In addition to the Lotus Pond, Lake Pavilion and the Nine Curved Bridges outside the park attractions, the park has 48 large and small attractions, which can be divided into the east, west, center and the inner garden and other scenic spots. In September 1961, the garden was officially opened to the public and became a favorite place for tourists from all over the world.
After opening to the public, Yuyuan was continuously renovated. 1956 to 1961, during the overhaul, limited to the financial and material resources at that time, the Yu Linglong attraction was restored to the Yuhuatang and Huijinglou buildings, but the garden still appeared to be relatively empty and unbalanced, which was not quite in harmony with the whole Yuyuan Garden's deep, winding, and small characteristics, and the "Cultural Revolution". During the "cultural revolution" the Ming dynasty ring dragon bridge was demolished, around the pool was converted into a bomb shelter, the ancient garden pattern has been damaged. 1982 the big wigwam in front of the lake stone wigwam screw holes and the small wigwam in front of the wanhua building flower wall appeared in danger, approved by the district government, dismantle the wall of the danger of the two repaired in accordance with the original pattern. At the same time, changed with the ancient garden style is not coordinated with the cement pavement, adjusted the layout of the flowers and trees, expansion of the East Garden Gate. *** totaled 23 large and large refurbishment projects, sporadic small projects hundreds of items.
In March 1986, the district government decided to invest more than 600 million yuan, in three phases of the project to renovate the Yuyuan Garden. Hire garden expert Professor Chen Congzhou and his doctoral student Cai Dafeng, with reference to the layout of the Yuyuan Garden in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty and the characteristics of the classical gardens of Jiangnan, design, guidance. The first and second phases of the project were mainly to renovate the eastern part of the Yuyuan Garden, including Yu Linglong, Yuhuatang, Huijinglou, and the surrounding spots of Nine Lions Xuan. This area has been seriously damaged, the restoration project is larger, the demolition of air-raid shelter, rebuild the green stone dragon bridge, expand the water surface, the construction of Jade Rockery, Raccoon Cloud Rockery, Jade Linglong photo wall and a hundred meters of Jade Corridor. The first and second phase of the project was completed in 1987. The third phase of the project restored the ancient theater in the inner garden. The ancient theater in the inner garden because of the surrounding residents, long-term heavy door locked, can not be opened to the public. District government in the city cultural relics management committee support, relocation of 13 residents, 2 enterprises, the end of 1987 to August 1988 during the repair of the ancient stage, and the new two sides of the double-layer Qing-style look corridor. The ancient theater, the building is spacious, beautifully decorated, carved beams, so that the Yuyuan Garden added an elegant environment, the ancient interest of the new attractions. It was named "Qu Yuan" by Chen Congzhou.
In 1989, found three Sui Hall, Yangshan Hall part of the beams and columns were termite infested, the district government decided to immediately repair, spending 500,000 yuan, the year replaced the beams and columns were infested. 1993, the appearance of imitation of the Ming and Qing Dynasty architectural form, the interior with modern heritage protection facilities of the heritage building construction, to strengthen the protection of cultural relics in the park.
Today's Yuyuan Garden covers an area of more than 30 acres, the initial scale of most of the restoration, the garden pavilions, rockeries and water pavilions, ancient trees and flowers, the layout of a coherent, sparse and dense, better than the year. Yuyuan Garden after restoration officially opened to the public, more than 30 years, with its beautiful scenery and many cultural relics, attracting countless Chinese and foreign tourists. 60's, Chen Yun, Lu Dingyi, Guo Moruo, Xie Juya and other national leaders came to the garden one after another to visit, and some of them left the ink treasure, which has become a precious cultural relics. 80's to the garden to visit the increasing number of foreign leaders. 1986, October 15, Britain's queen elizabeth II in the Jiang Zemin, Wu Xueqian, accompanied by the first in the Lake Pavilion tea listening to music, and then along the Nine Curve Bridge into the Yuyuan Garden tour. 10 years, Yuyuan Garden has received dozens of countries from around the world, heads of state and government.