Second, from the source of idioms. Idioms mainly have the following sources:
(1) Ancient fables. For example, "waiting for a rabbit by guarding a plant" and "drawing a snake to add feet".
(2) Historical stories. Such as "Returning the jade annulus to Zhao", "Chengmen Lixue".
(3) Ancient poetry. For example, "The blue is more than the blue", "The water falls out of the stone".
(4) Spoken language through the ages. Such as "looking for a needle in a haystack", "bold".
(5) Newly created language. Such as "fast and economical", "push the envelope".
Although idioms are composed of words, only some of them can be interpreted literally. For some of the idioms summarized from stories or statements in ancient books, it is important to understand their sources and their specific meanings in order to correctly understand their overall meaning. For example, the idioms "杞人憂天" and "坐井观天". The former comes from a fable: during the Zhou Dynasty, a man in Qi State was always afraid that the sky would collapse and he would have no place to hide, so he didn't even have the heart to eat or sleep. Later on, the idiom of "worrying about the sky" was used as a metaphor for worrying unnecessarily. The expression "sitting on a well and watching the sky" comes from an article by the great writer Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty: "Sitting on a well and watching the sky, saying that the sky is small, but not the sky is also small." It is used as a metaphor for having a narrow vision and not having a wide range of knowledge. If you do not understand the origin of these two idioms, it is also easy to get it wrong, in the following sentence, "sitting in a well and watching the sky" should be changed to "worrying about the sky": Li Ming said to his mother: "People are so big, you are still not assured of this and that, really sitting in a well and watching the sky. You're still not worried about this and that, so you're really sitting on a well and watching the sky."
Third, from the emotional color of idioms. Idioms, like words in general, have a positive, negative and neutral points. Many idioms with similar meanings can be analyzed from the positive and negative colors. For example, "嘻皮笑脸" and "喜笑颜开". These two idioms have a "smile" meaning, but the emotional color is different: "cheeky smile" is not serious and immodest smile, is derogatory; "happy smile" is to describe the heart happy, full of smiles, is positive. The word "smiling" is a pejorative way of describing a happy heart and a smiling face, which is positive. The following sentence in the "cheeky smile" should be changed to "happy smile" or "smile by smile": heard the news that the Chinese women's volleyball team won the world championship, the students are all cheeky smile. The students were all smiling and happy.
Fourth, from the semantic weight of the idiom. For example, the idioms "self-advocacy" and "come forward". Both idioms have the meaning of "take the initiative to come out (to undertake a certain task)", but there is a difference in semantic weight: "volunteering" is only "to put forward", "stepping forward" is only "to put forward". "to come forward" is already "to come forward"; "to come forward" is only a general condition of action, while "to come forward" refers to a general condition of action. "refers to the action under the conditions of "critical situation, heavy difficulties or harsh environment, great responsibility". It can be seen that "stepping forward" is more semantic than "volunteering". In the following sentence, the word "come forward" should be changed to "volunteer": When the task of cleaning was assigned in the morning, Li Ming came forward and was willing to clean the toilets.
Fifth, from the idiom of the object and scope of use. For example, "vigorous" and "angry". These two idioms are only one word difference, and all have the meaning of "vitality", but the object of application and scope of use is different: "vitality" can not be used to describe people, and "vitality" can be. can be used to describe people, whereas "vibrant" can be used. The following sentence in the "vitality" should be changed to "vibrant": we children and young people are vibrant, full of confidence in the future.
Sixth, from the idioms and other words with the habit of starting. In the long-term use of the process, some idioms form their own habits of use, violation of these habits, people sound awkward. For example, "to go through fire and water" and "to be born into death". These two idioms have the meaning of "not avoiding difficulties and dangers, not caring about one's own safety and security", but there is a difference in the collocation habits: "to go to the soup and to the fire" is often used with "without hesitation", "willingly", and "born to die" is not so used; "to go into the fire" is often used in the "not hesitate", "not afraid", "not afraid", "not afraid", "not afraid", "not afraid", "not afraid", "not afraid", "not afraid", "not afraid", "not afraid". "to go through fire" is often used after the words "spare no effort", "fear no evil", "dare no evil", etc., while "to be born into death" is not; "to be born into death" is often used as a gerund. is often used as a gerund, while "to go through fire" is not. In the following sentence, "to be born into death" should be changed to "to go through fire": In order to get out of danger safely, I will not hesitate to be born into death.
Several perspectives on language discernment:
I. Emotional color
Example: These young scientists are determined to overcome the difficulties with the courage to do nothing. ×
Nothing to do: there is nothing bad to leave undone. (derogatory)
1. Hundreds of public security police in our city poured into the city, and after several nights of crouching at the head of the police, they finally captured the suspect in the shooting case. ×
Pouring out all the forces: to send out all the forces. (derogatory)
2. The news of Beijing's successful bid for the Olympic Games came to Tiananmen Square, and the people celebrated this inspiring event with a bang. ×
Bouncing Crowns to Celebrate Each Other: When a person becomes an official, his associates also celebrate with each other that they will have an official to do. （
3．These days, because I have not accomplished my task well, I have been grudgingly feeling that I have failed to fulfill the people's commission. ×
Gengeng Yu Huai: There is something lingering in the heart that cannot be dispelled. Generally, it refers to inner indignation. (Derogation)
4. The crime of destroying the public **** facilities, so that the majority of police officers swung back, determined to combat this group of criminals. ×
Swinging: articles, music, etc. are very moving. （
5. In order to cope with the challenges brought about by the WTO accession, the service industry is facing the market, constantly reforming and working on the diversification of services, so that consumers, such as the crucian carp in the river, have to come, thus increasing the benefits greatly. ×
Carp of the river: there are a lot of fashionable people. (derogatory)
6. It is reported that the high school language textbooks, which have been in use for 20 years, will be revamped and replaced by two new editions, and the reform of secondary school language textbooks, which has been called for for many years, has finally taken a step forward. ×
The facelift: changing only the form, not the content. (depreciate)
7. The yen has been depreciating, and the momentum of its rapid decline has made the Asian economy, which had already been hard hit by the financial crisis, even worse. ×
The momentum is as strong as a bamboo: it is victorious and unimpeded. （
8. In order to write this article, Prof. Liu searched the literature, found chapters and sentences, made thousands of cards, and spent a lot of time and energy. ×
Searching for chapter and verse: reading only to memorize beautiful words and phrases without in-depth study; writing to pile up ready-made words and phrases, lacking creativity. （
9. To attract investment, we need to be realistic, not irresponsible and irresponsible, and we can not lie, otherwise it is not only difficult to attract projects, but also damage the image of a local government. × Mouth like a river: can speak well, gabbling. （
Replace "信口开河" with "信口开河"(贬口)
10. With the volatility of the global stock market, a cut in interest rates is inevitable in order to keep the dollar strong. × 在所难避免：指不好的事
11. Dalian Wanda beat POSCO, and coincidentally, Luneng Taishan also beat Hyundai Dinosaurs. ×
No unique couples: although rare, there is more than one, and there is one that can be paired. (derogatory)
12. Although the hot summer has long since passed, the open and secret battle between the Triton monitor and the Diamond Dragon monitor is still in full swing. ××
Referring to "in full swing": loud and enthusiastic. （
13. Only if our party cadres are honest and diligent, and take the lead, can the whole social atmosphere be improved.
Upward and downward: derogatory, referring to bad things to follow
II. Partial Repetition
Example: the U.S. Secretary of State's trip to the Middle East did not fundamentally solve the contradiction between the United States and Iran, and the situation in the Gulf region will not be resolved once and for all from now on.
Once and for all: work hard once, get things done, and then don't bother again. "
1. He is a helpful young man, but because he lacks some ability, he sometimes feels unable to help. ×
It is impossible to help: the heart is willing to help, but the strength is not there.
2. The other person is deliberately evasive in an attempt to mitigate his or her guilt. ×
Flickering: stammers and dodges.
Third, the word is not appropriate
Example: Germany launched a submarine war in World War II, so the use of hydroacoustic equipment to find submarines became the brunt of the Allies to solve the problem. ×
First to bear the brunt: to be the first to be attacked or to suffer a disaster. Change "first"
1. To show him what a pear tastes like, you have to invite him in and give him a taste of the pear himself. ×
Invite the king into the urn: to take someone's method of fixing someone else to fix himself.
2. Originally, this is a good article, let you change it like this, but instead of changing it into something. √
Nonconformity: immodesty or unlikeability. The latter meaning is used here.
3. Just when his career was on the fast track, he suffered a cerebral hemorrhage and was paralyzed in bed. √
Nine deaths in one life: surviving great danger.
4. The bidding for the 2010 World Expo was finalized, and Shanghai, China, won the right to host the event. √
Dust settles: things have come to an end, a result.
5. In the debate, the debaters showed their rigorous and profound thinking as well as their rich cultural background. ×
Wide-open speech: try to create conditions for subordinates and the masses to express their opinions.
6. We have visited four schools in recent days, which is only a glimpse of the leopard in the tube, and we can't say that we have fully grasped the situation of the city's schools in promoting quality education. √
Peeping Leopard in the Pipe: only a small part of the thing.
7. The sound of wind and rain in nature, the sound of water and waves, the sound of animals and birds, and even the sound of blossoms and flowers, all have a certain rhythm. √
Improvement and frustration: the sound of high and low and pause and turn.
8. The living conditions of the geological explorers were very hard, but they did not think much of them, and they were devoted to their work to find out the rich mineral deposits for the country. ×
Don't take it for granted: don't think it's right, express disagreement (more often than not, it contains contempt)
Revise "don't take it for granted": don't take it to heart, express lack of attention, don't take it seriously.
Some comrades do not take some small mistakes in their work seriously, thinking that it is just one of ten fingers and has nothing to do with the big picture.
"You haven't even graduated yet and you're looking for a job, and someone will actually want you?" Rei said in disbelief, "What's so strange about that."
9. This experiment is about to be successful, we must insist on it, don't slack off, it's a pity if we lose the whole thing. √
One basketful: a great thing that is just short of the last bit of labor and material resources, but cannot succeed. （
10．Listening to my grandfather talk about the sufferings he experienced in the old society, I really feel the same way. ×
Empathize: to be grateful as if you were being (favored) in person. It is mostly used to express gratitude instead of others. It also refers to giving someone trouble that one can personally feel.
11. Some unscrupulous traders, in order to raise the price of cotton, deliberately hoarded it and prepared to sell it at a good price. √
Good price and sell: wait for a good price to sell. It also refers to the lack of talent.
12. After the 9-11 incident, the U.S. economy has worsened, and global economic growth has been low again and again, how to save for a rainy day, should have their own foresight and planning. √ √ rainy day: prepare for a rainy day in advance.
13．This newsletter is well-written, but the report is not timely, and it is already tomorrow. √
Yellow flower of tomorrow: a story that has lost its newsworthiness or a thing that has lost its timeliness.
14．Since entering his senior year of high school, Mr. Ding has always studied at night until about two o'clock in the morning and has never taken a break for recreation on holidays, which is commendable in spirit but not in practice. √
Inadequate: not worthy of being used as a model or law.
This little mistake is not a lesson, you do not always keep in mind, afraid of the end is not good at work. ×
15. In the Peking Opera stage, out of the four dragon-set ...... they will be in each other's hands, randomly touching a few swords and spears, the mouth as a yell, said that they have fought a war. This is incomprehensible to foreigners. ×
Incomprehensible: not able to use reason to make it understand. It describes a foolish or brutal attitude that is not reasonable.
Corrected to "inconceivable": unimaginable, incomprehensible.
An American man, who has repeatedly been rude in China, recently beat a woman driver on a bus until she bled profusely. This incredible foreign hooligans must be severely punished in accordance with Chinese law. × 改 "不可理喻"
16．Busy city, see along the street begging wickerwork beggars, you will feel very awkward. ×
Wicker: hard to start a business. Change "rags"
17．Because of the lack of a sense of place and responsibility, these cadres don't care about the lives of the people at all, and in their eyes, the common man's consciousness is like a piece of worthless rags. Poor: not worth a penny
18. To successfully accomplish the task entrusted to me by the leadership, I introspect that relying on the strength of the collective is the most crucial one. ×
Retrospection: to go back and check one's faults.
19．The comprehensive improvement of the quality of students and the reduction of the burden on students have caused an uproar in society, and the news media have also reported on this aspect. ×
Henqiangbo: a metaphor for a big dispute or storm.
20．In order to control the pollution of the water stream, the region banned a dozen of seriously polluting paper mills according to law, and for a time, Luoyang paper was expensive, and big paper users snapped it up. ×
Luoyang paper is expensive: the writings were widely circulated and popular for a while.
21. You can say that Wang Hai's counterfeiting is to make money, and his motives are not noble, but after all, his actions can make the counterfeiters like a bone in their throat and a thorn in their back. ×
Bone in the throat: there is something unsaid in the heart, very hard to bear.
22. Complementing the style of the environment, last year's report on Wuhan's environment was also very distinctive. √
Complement each other: to help each other, complement each other, and better show the benefits.
23．Corrupt officials, at the beginning of the bribe, have a heart of gold, and hold the pipa half cover. ×
Palpitations: fear after danger.
24．The Palestinian-Israeli conflict has gradually escalated, and the situation in the Middle East is full of variables, causing many travelers and investors to retreat. ×
Retreat: to give in to people, not to fight with them
25．With the 16th National Congress drawing nearer and nearer, more than four hundred staff of CCTV are standing by, ready to broadcast live from many important events. × sternly waiting: to set up a strict position and wait for the incoming enemy.
26．The U.S. and Germany were at loggerheads over the establishment of a missile defense system, but U.S. President George W. Bush said, "We can remain friends despite our disagreements." × 首鼠两端： hesitation.
The meaning of disagreement should be stated here.
Fourth, stylistic color
Example: You have just moved to a new home, and we suggest you hang an oil painting, which will surely make the room shine. ×
Fluffy: a modest expression, indicating that one is greatly honored by the presence of others in one's home or by the hanging of a painting or calligraphy that has been inscribed to one by someone else.
1. The fountain pen you gave me when we graduated from junior high school was not very good-looking, but it was very good, and I have kept it as my own for so many years. ×
Black Broom: To treasure one's own things very much. （
It can't refer to things sent by others
2. You can rest assured that your difficulties are also my difficulties, and in the future, if you encounter any resistance in your work or any difficulties in your life, I will surely help you out. ×
Helping each other with all one's might: a word of honor, used on others.
3. Teacher, I can only thank you for your kindness, because I know I can be an ordinary student, but it is difficult for me to be the class president. √
Thank you: a polite way of excusing yourself from doing something. (Modesty)
V. Scope of the word (the object of the statement)
Example: There is no lack of hard-working study model in the ancients, hanging beams and stabbing stocks, candle holders, and chicken dance, in the history of the sweat of the bulls. ×
Sweat ox filled with books: describes a very large collection of books.
1. There is a radical notion that nowadays, literature is in the doldrums, music is in the doldrums, drama is out of fashion, sketches stink, and film and television have become the mainstream consumer products of choice. ×
Crowd-pleasing: someone is trusted by everyone who wants him to take up a certain job. (The object of the statement should be a person.)
2. "It is difficult to write about Yongchu, and it is a false life not to come to Yandang" When visiting the waterfalls of Dalongchu in Yandang Mountain, people really have a feeling of enjoyment and do not want to leave. ×
Leisurely: describes a special love for something and immersing oneself in it.
3. Editor Li's article is well organized and structured, with appropriate wording, which can really be described as sparse and admirable to the readers. ×
Sparse but no leakage: although the net of the law is wide, it will never miss a person who does evil.
4. At the seminar on quality education, representatives of teachers and students were inundated with personal opinions on issues such as character, knowledge and ability. ×
Incessant: (people, cars, horses, boats) back and forth, continuous.
5．People were fascinated by Chen Daoming's colorful performance in the TV set "The Kangxi Dynasty". ×
Pictorial: vivid and realistic description and narration.
6. During the Spring Festival, Wangfujing Street was full of people playing and shopping until dark.
Incessant as a wisp: the sound is subtle and long or the situation is critical.
7. It is not easy to travel by bicycle from Zhengzhou to Tibet, which is a long way and a long way away. ×
Mountains are high and waters are long: people's character and integrity are high and far-reaching.
8. In order to watch the light party, people have come out of their homes, the family home is already empty.
Ten Rooms Nine Empty: people were bankrupted and exiled by disasters, wars or tyrannies.
9. After the reorganization of the teaching order in the school, the abnormal teacher-student relationship should be changed. ×
Reform: reform the system, change the method
10．The editor of the newspaper said: In order to make it easier for people to follow the charts and not miss any exciting moments, the newspaper published the times when the contestants were competing. ×
By the map: to look for by clues; to do things mechanically and rigidly (derogatory)
11. China's ping pong athletes won the men's team final of the 43rd World Series by three to two over Sweden, and the deafening cheers in the stadium drowned out the thunder and rain outside. ×
Deafening: to awaken a confused person with words. Change "震耳欲聋" to "震耳欲": very loud
12．There are excellent natural conditions here, and there is a diligent and caring leadership team, so the people live in peace and contentment. ×
Anju Leye: to live in peace and work happily.
The target of the statement should be "the people", not "life"
13. The quality of the singers in the competition varied, and when it came to passing the "culture" test, the audience in front of the TV was really shocked. The audience in front of the TV was shocked.
The good and the bad are both good and bad. （The quality and level of qualifications can be "mixed"
14. On the eve of the Spring Festival, the Party and the government sent warmth to the workers who had been laid off, making them feel as if they were sitting in a spring breeze.
×
Like sitting in the spring breeze: a metaphor for being well educated and sensitized.
15．We want to master advanced science and technology, so that we can turn the clouds in the sky and make nature do our bidding.
Turning clouds over and over again: playing tricks and being capricious. Change "call the wind and summon the rain"
16．The rolling hills, one after another, lined up one after another, stretched into the distance and disappeared in the misty twilight. ×
Scaled and lined: describes a dense concentration of houses.
17．I received a letter from abroad on which the stamps were not torn away by some philatelist. ×
Beyond the reach: to describe the rapid spread of (news, etc.).
Replace "disappeared" with "disappeared": news and statements spread quickly; something suddenly disappears. The latter meaning is used here.
18．The commodity exposition gathered a wide variety of new products from all over the country, which can be described as a vast sea of everything. ×
Vast as a sea of smoke: a wealth of literature, information, and so on.
19. After Master Wang retired last year, he cleaned the roads of the district every day and helped his neighbors to pick up their children, showing everywhere that he was a rich and strong old comrade. × Years old and vigorous: young and energetic.
20. Four burglars in the traffic line **** with the crime, is sitting on the ground to share the spoils, was caught by the timely arrival of the public security officers. ×
Sitting on the ground to share the loot: (bandit leaders, nest owners, etc.) do not personally steal the robbery and share the loot.
21. After I got hooked on martial arts novels, sometimes I couldn't help turning two pages in class, and in the long run, my grades began to regress. ×
Long this way: always go on like this. (more bad situation) (more future state)
22. In order to cultivate a healthy financial market, it is necessary to establish a set of operational laws and regulations, so as to be able to effectively combat the "capital traffickers" in the financial market. √ Overwhelming: capricious or playing tricks.
Sixth, idiomatic
Example: Chengdu Five Bulls Club's strong financial strength makes other teams look down on it. ×
Looking at the back of its neck: to see the back of the neck, meaning to catch up. Often used in negative sentences
1. This joke, because of its powerful satire on the "principal officials" in old China, who were indifferent to the plight of the people, has been widely circulated among the people and is almost a household name.
Indifference: indifference. Without object
2. As a famous minister of his generation, Zhu Geliang was harmonious **** and devoted to his work, which won him wide admiration from later generations. ×
Harmonious ****jihi: to work with one heart and **** together to overcome difficulties.
VII. Degrees of words
Examples:
1. Every damage done by man to nature has been met with a corresponding retaliation, and the threat of pollution of the "environment" is no less than that of the Third World War, which can in no way be regarded as childish.
To be treated as a child's play: to be treated as a child's game. It is a metaphor for being extremely unserious.
The degree of seriousness is too heavy, but can be changed to "treat as trifling": to treat as commonplace and not to take it seriously.
2. Once a new competitive situation arrives, the international publishing industry enters on a large scale, and the cost of competing for talent increases, it will be too late to envy the fish. ×
Lin Yuan envy fish: only wish, not to do, it will not help.
The degree is too light, and it is used here in the sense of "joining the competition at that time"
3. The visit to Pudong left a deep impression, even though it was superficial. ×
The visit to Pudong left a deep impression in spite of the fact that it was superficial. (Result)
Revise "skimming the surface": observing things in a cursory way. (process)
Easy to misunderstand idioms:
Love can't help: sympathize but unable to help. Hundred Years of Tree Trees: cultivating talents is a long-term plan and requires hard work.
Wastefulness: arbitrarily maiming all kinds of creatures. Bo Wen Qiang Zhi (博闻强识): to have a wide range of knowledge and a strong memory. (zhì)
An Tu Chongqian (安土重迁): living in one's hometown and not wanting to move elsewhere at will. Unable to control oneself: unable to control one's feelings.
Not Learning Without Skill: having neither learning nor ability. The fact that the swallow is flying apart: a metaphor for the separation of people.
Checking Words and Observing Colors: observing the other person's face to find out his real intention. To be on an equal footing: to be on an equal footing with or against each other.
Completely deaf: stuffing one's ears and not listening. Describe the unwillingness to listen to others' opinions. Punish inappropriately: to punish too lightly.
Misplaced: the arrangement of things is uneven and interesting. Offense without schooling: not to take offense even if one is offended.
Partisan and homogeneous: to take sides with those who share one's own views, and to attack those who differ from one's own.
For the sake of the people, I would like to see the people who have been in the same position as I am.
Higher and Higher: a situation that is overwhelming and unstoppable.
Solid as a golden soup: the fortifications are very strong and not easy to break through.
Collecting wisdom: to concentrate the wisdom of all people and widely absorb useful opinions. Hairlessness: not the slightest difference.
Accumulated Destruction: the constant slander of the crowd can put a person to death. Keeping a secret: keeping it tightly hidden.
Huahua but not real: only blossoms but not fruits. Metaphorically speaking, the appearance is good-looking but the content is empty.
Protracted: time-consuming, delayed for a long time.
Counting the days: one can count the days to calculate the progress. It describes that success can be achieved in a shorter period of time. Unexpected Encounter: There was no prior agreement but we met unexpectedly.
Specific and small: having the content in general but smaller in shape or size.
Beauty of the Spirit: the beautiful mountains and rivers produce excellent talents.
Moi yi yi: not being able to arrive at a unanimous conclusion.
But Not Respectful: refusing someone's gift or invitation is disrespectful. Sit upright: to be serious or formal.
People outnumbering things: the number of staff exceeds the needs of the job; there are too many people for too little work. physically: to experience and endeavor to practice.
The teacher's heart is in his own way: obstinate and self-righteous. Body without a body: describing poverty.
different paths leading to the same result: taking different approaches but getting the same result. The death of an innocent: the crime is very serious.
Towers of light: to hide one's talents and sharpness and not to expose them.
Crimes not punishable by death: a crime so heinous that death cannot even compensate for it.
Subtle words: subtle words and profound truths. Prevail: to make one's voice heard first in order to overwhelm the other party.
Dwarfing: comparing with the same kind of people or things, showing up very insufficient. Learning without being bored: to be studious and progressive. (Satisfied)
Severe punishment: severe punishment without forgiveness. To be brief: to be concise in one's articles, speeches, etc.
At the stroke of a pen: describes poetry, calligraphy and painting that are quickly written and drawn. A penniless: extremely poor. (Possessed)
Yi Fu Zong Shuo (一傅众咻): not being able to accomplish anything due to adverse environmental influences.
Once I see you, you are like an old friend: the first time you meet, you get along like an old friend.
I don't know what to say: the language is empty and disordered null and void: a metaphor for news and legends that have a reason
Vocal and colorful: expressed very vividly
Evocative and colorful: narrated, described vividly and realistically
Live and vivid: the person or thing described or imitated vividly 惟妙惟肖: described or imitated very well and very realistically