Dai folk songs are not public mostly with the characteristics of the dam area folk songs, to beautiful lyricism, less exciting and high-pitched tone, and because of the Dai language tones are rich in the depression changes, to beautiful lyricism, the greater the impact of the combination of singing and recitation, and thus has a combination of singing and recitation characteristics. In addition, since the length of the lyrics is not restricted, Dai folk songs seldom have a neat and square structure. Dai folk songs of different clans and regions have their own local characteristics and personalities, and their varieties are also very different. Among them, the Dai folk songs in the area of Dehong Prefecture are the most rich and colorful.
The Dai folk songs are more difficult to be divided into categories according to a unified body, such as according to different singing occasions and applications, can be roughly divided into this in the field field singers, singing in the collective song and dance activities, for those who talk about love, used in folk customary activities, for those who worship God and used to chant wow love letters, psalms, and so on.
The Dai folk songs are sung in the field, and are customarily referred to as mountain songs, with a wide range of performance content. Most of the melody has the characteristics of the mountain songs in the dam area, but rarely use the long lead cavity, drag cavity. Popular in different areas are often called by different names, such as the Dehong State, that is, Mangshi Mountain Song, Yingjiang Mountain Song, Lianghe Mountain Song, Longchuan Mountain Song, Ruili Mountain Song and other differences. The Dai folk songs sung in the song and dance activities can be roughly divided into two categories: one type is the form of song and dance, while dancing and singing, the other type of singers led by the singer, after the end, and then take the collective dance. Most of the former belongs to the section of the song, according to the same melody sung over and over again, and more rhythmic; and the latter is not subject to the limitations of the dance and improvisational singing, and has a strong narrative character.
In the love life of Dai young men and women, most of them have the tradition of "stringing girls", and most of them do it at night after labor. At this time, singing has become an important means of expressing love. These songs, commonly known as love songs or love songs. Some of them are the usual mountain songs sung in the wild. And Dehong state's young men are good at the piano and other folk instruments, playing and singing, pouring out the heart of thoughts and love curtains, most of these folk songs are sung in a soft voice, the tone of the lingering euphemistic.
In the Dai people's various traditional customary activities or ritual worship of God, are inseparable from the singing. For example, Dehong State sings "invitation to a wedding", and Jinping sings "wine song" during the banquet. Others, such as "jumping willow god" and sacrifices to the dam god, dam ghosts, etc. have special tunes. As for "chanting sutra", "fine flowers", "purifying water", "receiving precepts" and so on, they are sung by Buddhist The "fine flower tune", "water purification tune", "precepts tune" and so on are sung by Buddhist men and women.
Among the Dai folk songs, many are rich in recitation and characterized by narrative. Many Dai long poems are sung by Dai singers called "Zanha" for generations. The Dai people in different parts of the world have this kind of singing activities, and usually collectively call this kind of folk songs as narrative singing. Most of these folk songs are characterized by colloquialism and adaptability to the development of the plot and changes in mood.
Among the famous Dai folk songs, the old "Zanha" Kanglang Dump of Xishuangbanna Prefecture should be mentioned first. His passionate singing style and agile and witty creative talents have won him many times over his rivals in song competitions, and he has been chosen as the best singer of Xishuangbanna.
What is the famous musical instrument of the Dai people in Yunnan? Being preempted, I'll be more detailed then.
Hulusi, Bawu is a kind of reed mainly circulated in China's Yunnan Dai, Achang, De'ang and other ethnic minorities, the sound of this instrument is very beautiful and beautiful, due to the conditions of the earliest reed is made of bamboo, which not only affects the sound of this instrument, but also greatly limits its volume, range and life, limiting the scope of use, so in a long time can not be made more people appreciate, so it can not be used. So for a long time can not make more people appreciate, so many years through many producers efforts, this instrument has been greatly improved compared with earlier, whether from the appearance or from the process has been greatly improved, finally have the opportunity to come to the world in front of the display of its unique artistic charms, with its special tone and beautiful melody conquered the majority of Chinese and foreign music enthusiasts and was rapidly popularized.
The hulusi, also known as the hulusi Xiao, is known in Dai as the "Wicker Lang Duo" ("Hua" is a generic term for wind instruments in Dai. "Lang" for the meaning of straight blowing, "chatter" that is, gourd), can be divided into high, medium, bass three types, commonly used for the key of b, B, C, D and other keys.
Dai traditional musical instruments Hulusi
Dai folk songs of Dai musical instruments The melodious singing with the traditional national instrumental music is a major feature of the Dai folk songs. The Dai musical instruments are colorful and commonly used, such as hulusi, elephant foot drum, cowhide drum, gong, ding and zither, etc., which are good friends in people's recreational life and make the Dai songs and dances more distinctive. Percussion instruments account for the largest proportion of the Dai musical instruments, and each percussion instrument has different specifications and types. The percussion instruments of the Dai ethnic group include drums, cymbals, rhyming boards and bronze bells. Drums: long, medium, short, elephant foot drums, drums, hanging drums, short drums, the late Ming Dynasty also used copper drums. There are large and small, row, piano.
Miao traditional musical instruments? What are the traditional instruments of the Dai? Miao: Lusheng, Mangtong, night xiao, sister xiao, flute, suona, erhu, Yueqin and so on.
Dai: Bi, Ding
The rest are unknown
Instruments of the Dai The more common instrumental music of the Dai are the wind instrument "Bi", the plucked instrument "Ding", and the percussion instrument drums, cymbals, gongs, etc.
The Dai's instrumental music is the "Bi-Bi", the plucked instrument "Ding", and the percussion instrument drums, cymbals and gongs.
"Bi" is the common name for wind instruments, transverse flute-shaped single called "Bi", is made of bamboo tubes, most of the seven holes in the body, the mouthpiece has a copper reed. Bi has a big Bi, small Bi, lone Bi, Bi, mother and child Bi, etc., the range of different sizes, different tones.
"Gourd sheng" is also an important wind instrument, in the bottom of the gourd inserted into the three bamboo tubes, the middle tube has seven holes, according to the seven-tone scale issued by the seven rhythms, and the other two tubes hair and sound. The sound of the gourd pianoforte is melodious, with a long rhythm, especially when played in the dead of night, it makes people think more quietly, as if they were in a heavenly realm on earth.
The instrument with strings is called "ding" in Dai language. One for the string pull, similar to the huqin; one for plucking, similar to the three-stringed (but also four-stringed). Ding class musical instruments, often used by young men to play solo to entertain themselves.
Among the percussion instruments, the elephant foot drum is the most famous. Dai each village, almost all have different sizes and shapes of several sets of drums. Elephant's foot drum Dai language called "light", because of the shape of an elephant's foot and named, the drum body with a section of wood hollowed out and become a large five or six feet long, the small ones also have two or three feet long. The drums are played with fists, palms, fingers and feet, striking the surface of the drum alternately. Elephant foot drums are usually matched with cymbals and gongs to form the percussion group of Dai music, the rhythm of the drums determines the mood and speed of the performance, the gongs master the beat, and the cymbals regulate the atmosphere of the ensemble with their special tone and pitch, and the three are integrated to make the Dai percussion music with a strong national style.
Fifty-six nationalities of the representative instruments of the various ethnic groups is what musical instruments Fifty-six nationalities of the musical instruments
01 Han - - - Guqin 02 Zhuang - - - Ma Bone Hu, Wicker Lie (Bolei), Lusheng, Mang Gong, Tu Hu, Wood Leaf, Four-stringed Hu, Bamboo Hu, Tuhu Hu, Huluhu, Tianqin , Wachen, Border Drums, Bee Drums, Zangmu, Stick 03 * * ** - - Mud Wahu (ocarina), Harmonica Zi, Harmonica, *** Zi, xiao xiao zi, horn flute 04 Yi --- Bawu, Harmonica, Lusheng, Small Muffled Flute, Tu Cave Flute, Rattling Handle, xiao tube, Hulu Sheng, Niu Jiao, Hulu Silk, Horse Patch, A Wu, Sihu, Sanhu, Stringed Zi (Yi Yueqin), Yi Da Sanzheng, S Shell Beard, Beard, Smoke Box 05 Miao --- Horned Beard, Straight-through Xiao, Lusheng, Python Flute, Python Tubes, Night Xiao, Sisters' Xiao, Miao Da Suona, Ox horn, bawu, mouth string, muye , gaha, gu dipper, guoha, bench 06 Manchu ---- iron reed, octagonal drum, dragon flute, vanbei, conch, li 07 Tibetans ---- tieqin (iron hu), tungchin, gundong, oxhorn qin (pulling the strings), mouth strings, zhani, Tibetan jinghu, biwang, genca, zamu nie, nayi, grasping drums, danbuleer, buya 08 Dong Dongs ---- lusheng, yuping xiaojiao flute, mangtong, ox-legged qin, Dong flute, Dong pipa, horns hu09 Yao --- long drum, bamboo pillow qin, lusheng, xiaoqi, ox horn, mouth string, one-stringed huqin, yellow mud drum, one-stringed qin (plucked)10 Jing --- dulcimer, sanxian, bamboo kong, bamboo clavichord11 Bai --- big three-stringed qin, luguan (wicker bamboos), bajiao drum, scepter drum, barbarian reed pipe, muye, lute flute12 Dai --- elephants' foot drum, hulus, tingqin, manglong, wicker, wicker pipe, dingle, cross drum, dingle, horizontal drum, na'er, danlle'er, buya , dingli, horizontal drum, paixiang, hulusheng, niuqiaoqin (pull-string), mouth-string, muye, dingguang, dolo, xi ding, dinghei, dinggana, dingguana, dinggol.13 Li --- langdoyi, nose-pole, lilaluo (bai), mouth-pole, flute-lie, wicker, wicker-da, mouth-string, muye, dongxiao, cocoyuan, dingdong, music-pestle.14 She --- longjiao, suona, yueqin.15 Wa --- bamboo drum, wagelo, piccolo, manggong, four-hole xiao, small solo flute, two-hole xiao, xian xiao hulu sheng, ox horn (blowing), reed flute, one-stringed zither (pulling), mouth string, fit qiang, wooden drum, bee bucket drum 16 Shuai --- copper drum, reed sheng, manong gong 17 Tu --- ***, sheepskin drum, flute, suona 18 Qiang --- qi bamboos, mouth strings, Qiang tambourines, Qiang flute, bamboo mouth reeds 19 Nu --- buliar (bamboo horn), dabia, hulu sheng , mouth chord, biang, chanyu20 Mongolians --- Horse-head qin, fire bushi , tongchin, gangdong, cowhide drum, chaoer, huqin, bass and alto sihu, yatuga, ukulele, danbulele, ring drum21 Tujia --- Skate gong, head cymbal, dong quin, two cymbals, bamboo horn, ox horn, suona22 Buyi --- Leyu, lewang (leh dog), penpipes, sisters' xiao, oxhorn, muyi, horse-bone hu, Buyei Sihu23 Korean --- Gayeqin, thin wicker bamboos, tambourine, long drum, Xuanqin (Gemengo), tooth zither, Xiqin, tambourine, Chogao24 Hani --- Jiwu, Meidu, Baowu, mouth string, muye, tobacco box25 Lisu --- Ezhi (erzee), mouth string, muye, Lisu pipa26 Lahu --- Xiaosanxin (little three-stringed instrument), Tuyen (spitting instrument), Reusheng (reed-sheng), Hulusheng (gourd sheng), mouth string27 Dongxiang --- **** gongs, cymbals28 Security people --- ***, copper cymbals 29 Naxi --- sugu duk (hunbuxi), bob, mouth string, reed pipe, hulusheng, erxian, Naxi huqin30 Mulao --- copper drum, eight-note drum, muye 31 Gelao --- bubbling muktu (maowo wah), muye, lusheng, jiao hu, baxi drums 32 Sibe --- emu, fichak, reed piper, mouth string, dongbul33 Jingpo people --- Dongba, Tuliang, Mangluo, Niujiao, Sanbi, mouth string, Lejiao 34 Lhoba --- Playing gimlet, Dabang, mouth string, harmonica, bamboo mouth reed 35 Salar --- ***, mouth thin, mouth string 36 Brown --- Debo, Wicker Dangtan, Saiding 37 Maonan --- Sea snail, Suona 38 Pumi --- Huludong Sheng 39 Achang --- Wicker Rangdao (Hulusi), Huludong xiang, Marjoram xiang, Copper mouthstring, sanxian, elephant foot drum, manong gong40 Jinuo --- bamboo reed, bechiru, bamboo tube41 De'ang --- burai (hulusi), horse-legged zither, jiera, gerwangwong, rezuo42 Menba --- na'er, four-hole flute, liling (two-tone flute), bujian43 Yugu --- tianqin, conch horn, *** 44 Dulong --- rattling gabion, ragma, harmonium, manong pot45 Alpine --- Leji ...... >>
Dai Musical Instruments How did the Dai hulusi come about What are its characteristics Source:
The hulusi has a relatively long history, and its origins can be traced back to the pre-Qin era, it is evolved and transformed from the hulusi. In the structure still maintains the remains of the ancient musical instruments, the number of pipes is the same as the three-pipe pipe, the two sub-pipes do not open the sound hole and the ancient pipe is exactly the same, and issued a sustained interval of five degrees, and the ancient pipe "and the sound of the masses," but also a perfect resemblance. But its main tube has opened seven holes, and the later generations of flutes very similar to the xiao flute, but also shows that it is a leap in history.
After the founding of New China, Chinese folk musicians reformed the gourd xiao. 1958, the Yunnan Provincial Song and Dance Troupe was the first to extend the range to 14 tones. Some literary groups in Beijing made two new gourd xiao. The six-pipe gourd xiao can be played in monotone, diatonic, single melody plus sustained tone and two harmonic melodies plus sustained tone. Both maintain the original instrument's unique tone and style, but also increase the volume, expand the range, rich sound color and expressive power. In the garden of Chinese national musical instruments, it has become a striking oddball. in the early 1980s, the Central National Orchestra visited the Japanese group, used this new gourd xiao to play for the Japanese people, and was welcomed and praised.
A
About the auspicious birthplace of the hulusi and the legend about the origin of the hulusi is widely believed to be in the hometown of the hulusi - Yunnan Dehong Dai Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Lianghe County, Meng Yang, and as early as pre-Qin Dynasty, where there are a lot of beautiful and moving legends.
The history of the hulusi is very long, can be traced back to the pre-Qin era, the folk have circulated many moving legends, according to legend, in Yunnan Dehong Dai Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture Lianghe County Mengyang River, a flash flood, a brave Dai small Bu冒抱起一个大葫芦, broke through the waves, rescued their sweethearts, the Buddha was touched by his faithful and unshakeable love, inserted the bamboo tube into the golden gourd, sent to the brave little Bu冒, the Buddha was touched by his love, and inserted the bamboo tube into the golden gourd, and sent to the brave little Bu冒. Sent to the brave little Bu Bao, little Bu Bao hands holding up the golden gourd, immediately blew a beautiful music. At once, the wind and waves calm, flowers bloom, peacocks open screen, blessing the couple auspicious and happy, from then on, the gourd silk in Lianghe County Mengyang Dai family inherited, Lianghe De'ang, Jingpo, Achang also came to learn, and successively expanded to the whole of the whole of the Dehong and other nationalities, and has been passed down from generation to generation.
Two
Another Dai legend is that in ancient times there was a ferocious beast, often coming down the mountain to eat people and livestock. At this time, there was a great hero called Tai, who went through a lot of hardships and arrived at the palace of Nuwa, who was touched by Tai's sincerity and gave him a gourd that could collect the demons and ghosts. Tai returned to his hometown and used the gourd to collect the evil beasts when they appeared. But the beast was still banging around in the gourd, so Tai stuck a bamboo in the bottom of the gourd, and the beast finally quieted down inside and never came out again. Later, in order to commemorate the deeds of Tai, we made the gourd silk modeled after the gourd and bamboo, and passed it down as a musical instrument.
Characteristics:
The hulusi is often used to play folk tunes, such as mountain songs, and is best suited to playing melodic and smooth music or dance music, with more long tones in the tunes, and a rich ensemble of harmonies and soft, harmonic sounds, which are able to express the player's thoughts and feelings.
The hulusi is loved by music lovers and Chinese and foreign tourists because of its unique and beautiful sound, simple, soft and elegant appearance, easy to learn and small and easy to carry.
What is the legend of the Dai National Instrument Elephant Foot Drum Legend has it that, a long time ago, not far from the border of a cottage, lived two couples. The husband rock phase, is an honest farmer. The wife, Ye Han, not only skilled in housework, treating people kindly, but also from her father learned a set of superb martial arts. One year, the enemy often to the border to kill and loot, rock phase from his wife to learn thirty days of martial arts, hanging on the battlefield, valiantly kill the enemy, defending the peace of the border, and later because of the outnumbered, died on the battlefield. Ye Han forced to endure the grief, sobbing to bury their husbands in a buried Donghan tree. Yehan was so sad that every three days. She had to go to the rock phase of the grave to pay homage once. Once, she went to the grave, just sacrifice finished, sitting under the tree thinking, suddenly heard a low and majestic song, listen carefully, the original is the side of the buried Donghan tree issued from:
The best buried than the Ou bamboo yo want to make arrows,
The best steel yo want to beat the knife,
The best horse yo want to go to war,
The best man yo want to protect the hometown!
Yehan listened to it. The sad and impassioned song, it seems to be sung by the rocky phase! The song was sung over and over again, and Ye Han was practically mesmerized by it. In the song, she seemed to see her husband, very skillfully wielded the ancestral sword, shouting to the enemy to charge. After that, every time Ye Han came to visit the grave, she could hear that familiar song. Until how many times she had heard it, she left reluctantly. Later, Ye Han thought: since this tree can sing, this song and I never hear enough, why not cut it and carry it back, every day to hear the songs of their loved ones. So she cut down the buried Donghan tree, the root foot of the tree has a section of the empty, Yehan buried Donghan tree that section of the hollow cut down and carried home. From then on, she could hear her husband's song every day, in order to prevent dust from falling into the buried Donghan tree inside, she used a strong goat skin to wrap the upper end of the tree, with the rope tied tightly. From that time on, the Dai family learned to do the elephant foot drum. And, all of them, like Yehan made the first one, must be made from the buried Donghan tree. It must be made of rock sheepskin. And when you play the drum, you must use sticky rice to stick to the drum surface. When everything is done, hey! Just listen: "Boom bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah bah." It is said that when beating the elephant foot drum, if you lean your head to the left a little bit, you can still hear the majestic and powerful song of the rock phase!