Farewell in the mountains
Tang Dynasty: Wang Wei
Farewell in the mountains, the sunset covers the firewood.
The spring grass will be green next year, will the king and grandson return?
Translation:
Sent off my friend in the deep mountains, the sunset half-hidden the firewood gate.
The spring grass will produce new green next year. My friend, can you return it?
Express thoughts and feelings:
This poem "Farewell in the Mountains" does not describe the scene of farewell from the pavilion, but is ingenious and chooses a completely different starting point from ordinary farewell poems. Inked points.
The first line of the poem, "Let's see each other off in the mountains," tells the reader at the beginning that it's time to see each other off. The words used to separate the scene and farewell feelings are replaced by a seemingly emotionless "Let's see each other off." "The word was written in one stroke. Here, there is a period of time skipping from the meeting to the meeting. The second sentence jumps from sending off the pedestrians in the daytime to "the sun sets over the wood door", which jumps over a longer period of time. When the poet integrated life into the poem, he cut out the feelings and thoughts of the farewell person during this period and treated them as a dark scene.
Anyone who has experienced parting knows that the moment before a traveler leaves is certainly depressing, but a sense of loneliness and loss often becomes stronger at dusk on the day after parting. , more dense. At this moment when separation and grief are most difficult to deal with, there must be a myriad of things to write about; however, the poem only contains the act of "covering the firewood". This is an extremely common thing that people who live in the mountains do every day at dusk, and it seems to have nothing to do with saying goodbye during the day. But the poet connected these two things that were originally unrelated to each other, making this action that was repeated every day show a different meaning from the past, thus embedding the feelings of separation in the lines and the sorrow of separation in the words. Readers will naturally see the lonely demeanor and melancholy mood of the people in the poem; at the same time, they will also think: after the sunset comes the night, how will they spend this long night after the Chaimen is closed? The blank space left outside this sentence makes people think back to the infinite.
The third and fourth lines of the poem, "The spring grass will be green next year, and the kings and grandsons will not return" are derived from the sentence "The kings and grandsons will not return from their travels, but the spring grass will grow lush" in "Chu Ci: Recruiting Hermits". But the poem is about sighing because the wanderer has been gone for a long time and will never return. These two lines of poems express the fear that the traveler will not come back after leaving for a long time. Tang Ruxun summarized the content of this poem in "Interpretation of Tang Poems" as follows: "The door is covered in the dusk, and people can only think deeply when they are away; the grass is sometimes green, and it is difficult for travelers to return home." And "the return date is difficult to determine", it is precisely One of the reasons for "thinking far away". "Will you return home or not", as a question, should be asked to the passer-by when parting, but here it is asked to come to the mind of the resident only after the passer-by has gone and the sun is closing the door, and it has become a question that does not exist. Exit suspense. In this way, what is written is not the usual words to say when saying goodbye, but the expression of deep feelings after "farewell", which shows that the person in the poem is still shrouded in thoughts of separation until the sunset. Although they have just broken up, they are already looking forward to their early separation. After returning, I am afraid that he will not come back for a long time. As mentioned before, there are two periods of time skipped from "seeing each other off" to "covering the firewood door"; here, at sunset on the day of farewell, I think of the green grass in the coming year and ask when I will return. No return, this is another jump from the present to the future, and the jump time is even longer.
This farewell poem does not describe the reluctance to leave the pavilion, but goes a step further to express the hope of reunion after farewell. This is something that goes beyond ordinary farewell poems. At the beginning, the scene of farewell is hidden, and the writing begins with "Farewell", and then the loneliness of returning home after farewell is thicker and thicker, paving the way for the title of looking forward to his return, so he thinks that there is a time for the spring grass to become green again, and the return of the departed person. But it is difficult to determine. The feeling of farewell is beyond words. There is meaning in the mind and taste in the outside. It is truly ingenuity and one of a kind.
Wang Wei is good at picking up seemingly ordinary materials from life and using simple and natural language to show deep and sincere feelings, which is far-reaching. This poem "Farewell in the Mountains" is like this.
Send off a friend
Tang Dynasty: Li Bai
Green mountains cross Beiguo, and white water surrounds the east city.
This place is different, and I have traveled thousands of miles alone.
The wandering clouds convey the love of an old friend.
I waved my hand and went away, the horse roared.
Translation:
Green mountains lie on the north side of the city wall, and sparkling water surrounds the east side of the city.
Here we say goodbye to each other. You are like a solitary tent fluttering in the wind, traveling thousands of miles away.
The floating clouds are as unpredictable as wanderers, and the setting sun slowly sets down the mountain, seeming to be nostalgic.
They waved their hands and parted. The horse that his friend was riding that was about to carry him on a long journey roared loudly, as if he couldn't bear to leave.
Thoughts and feelings:
This is a deeply affectionate farewell poem. The author expresses the meaning of farewell through the depiction of the farewell environment and the rendering of the atmosphere. The first line of the first couplet, "Green mountains stretch across Beiguo, and white water surrounds Dongcheng" explains the place of farewell. The poet has already sent his friend outside the city, but the two of them are still walking side by side, unwilling to separate. In the distance, I could see green mountains lying across the north of the outer city, and sparkling water flowing around the east of the city. In these two sentences, "green mountains" versus "white water" and "Beiguo" versus "Dongcheng", the first couplet is written as a beautiful couplet, which is unique; and "green" and "white" are alternated, and the colors are bright. The word "horizontal" outlines the quiet posture of the green mountains, and the word "rao" describes the movement of the white water. The wording is accurate and expressive. The poem is written freely, depicting a beautiful and beautiful picture. There is no word "farewell", but the writing is clearly filled with the feeling of farewell.
The next two sentences are emotional. The poet used the solitary pod to compare his friend's wandering life, saying: Once we say goodbye here, the person we leave will be like the lofty grass fluttering in the wind, thousands of miles away. From a semantic point of view, this couplet can be regarded as a flowing pair form, that is, the two couplets are semantically connected. But purely from the perspective of rightness, it is not right, and it can even be said to be not "right". It exactly reflects Li Bai's "natural and uncarved" poetic style, and is also in line with the ancients' view that form does not constrain content. The sentence in this couplet, "This place is a parting," has a sudden change in meaning, which breaks the poetic and picturesque meaning of the first couplet, and has a tragic and touching power. The ancients often used flying canopy, turning canopy, and fluttering canopy to describe wandering life, because they both have the same characteristics of surrendering to nature and letting other things tease them without being able to control themselves. Therefore, when thinking about the image of "meeting" in this sentence, it is very heavy and unbearable, which cannot be compared with the word "treasure". Wang Qi in the Collection of Taibai commented: "The floating clouds pass by without leaving a definite mark, so they are compared to wanderers; the setting sun holds the mountain in its arms and does not go away quickly, so it is compared to the feelings of old friends." These two lines of poems express the poet's deep affection for his friends. Careful, written smoothly and naturally, with sincere feelings.
The neck couplet reads "The wandering clouds convey the sentiments of an old friend, and the setting sun expresses the vast background of farewell: a white cloud drifts away from the sky, and a red sun slowly sets toward the horizon." At this time, this scene made the poet feel even more reluctant to leave. These two lines of "floating clouds" versus "sunset" and "wandering thoughts" versus "old friends" are also very neat and relevant to the scene. The poet not only describes the scenery, but also cleverly uses "floating clouds" to describe friends: just like floating clouds in the sky, their whereabouts are uncertain, and who knows where they will drift to? Infinite concern naturally overflowed, and the red sunset slowly set in the west, casting its last light on the green mountains and white waters, as if it couldn't bear to leave so suddenly. And this is a symbol of the poet's mood at this moment.
This sentence can also be understood as the wanderer's nostalgia for the journey but not yet, the complex emotions of wanting to travel but then stopping, leaving behind the body and mind. The image of falling eyes can be understood as a feeling of attachment to an old friend, or a blessing to a friend. "The sunset is infinitely beautiful" and "the sun sets over the long river". I hope that my friends will have bright sunshine ahead and everything goes smoothly, which echoes the sentence "A lonely man marches thousands of miles".
The two sentences at the end are more affectionate. "Waving my hand, I'm going away, my horse is singing." After seeing you for thousands of miles, you must say goodbye eventually. "Waving hands" describes the action of separation. The poet did not express his inner feelings directly, but only wrote the touching scene of "Xiao Xiao Ban Ma Ming". The poet and his friends waved goodbye and greeted each other frequently on horseback. The two horses seemed to understand their master's mood and did not want to leave their companions. They couldn't help but roar when they said goodbye, as if they were infinitely affectionate. In the last couplet, the sound of the horse's mingling is used as a sound of parting to set off the emotion of separation. Li Baihua used classical poems and the word "class" to create new meanings and highlight the lingering friendship. It was a miraculous work.
This farewell poem is novel and unique, unconventional. In the poem, green mountains, flowing water, red sun, and white clouds contrast with each other and the colors are bright. The class horses are singing loudly, and the image is fresh and lively, forming a vivid and colorful picture. The beauty of nature and the beauty of human nature are intertwined, and the writing is vivid and vivid. There is infinite warm affection flowing in the picture, which is touching.