Mosquitoes are completely metamorphic insects. The life history of mosquitoes can be divided into four stages: 1. Eggs: The eggs of mosquitoes may be laid in three different locations, depending on the species, on the water surface, at the water's edge or in the water, such as Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes on the water surface, and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes at the water's edge. Anopheles and Aedes domesticus hatch in about two days while Aedes aegypti hatch in three to five days. 2. Larvae: The larvae of mosquitoes are called tsetse. The tsetse breathes through a straw. The body is elongated, dark brown and swims vertically up and down in the water, feeding on bacteria and unicellular algae in the water and breathing air. For example, the tail end of the tsetse of Culex mosquitoes (house mosquitoes) has a long breathing tube, the end of the tube is the opening of the respirator, when breathing, the body is at an angle to the water surface, so that the respirator is perpendicular to the surface of the water, to feed on organic matter and microorganisms, the bristles of the mouth will produce a stream of water, which will flow to the mouth; Anopheles mosquitoes (malaria mosquitoes) do not have a respirator tube, and the opening of the respirator on the tail end of the tsetse is located on the surface of the body. After this period is maintained for 10 to 14 days, the tsetse develops into a pupa after four molts, from which the pupa is then fledged into an adult mosquito. 3. Pupa: Mosquito The shape of the pupa looks like a comma from the side. Does not feed but can swim in water. Breathes by the first pair of respiratory horns. It reaches full maturity in two days. 4. Adult: Newly born mosquitoes cannot take off until their wings are hard (pinned). Male mosquitoes within 24 hours after pinnification of its abdominal segments after the eighth segment of all reversed 180 ° to complete the mating posture. Mating behavior varies according to species, and some mosquitoes form columns at dusk in open fields or grassy areas for group dances. Mosquito columns are not necessarily gathered simply by a male mosquito, there are often several different species of mosquitoes gathered into. At this time, the female mosquitoes see the group dance, they fly close to the mosquito column and the same species of male mosquitoes to mate away. Mating usually takes 10-25 seconds. Female mosquitoes only once in a lifetime, after mating by the male parabasal gland secretion of liquid, the formation of mating plugs in the female mating hole, but gradually dissolved, about 24 hours after the complete disappearance. Mating only once a lifetime, after its lifetime (more than 100 days later) laid eggs can still be fertilized. Mosquitoes also have the following habits
[edit]Habits
1. Breeding Habits: Mosquitoes breed in water, and different types of water and stagnant water breed different species of mosquitoes. Treatment or modification of breeding places is the basic measure to prevent mosquitoes. Water body types Main breeding mosquito species Seriously polluted water bodies, such as cesspits, cesspools, etc. Nuisance Aedes aegypti Mildly polluted water bodies, such as sewage pits (ditches), cesspits of fresh water, depressions of stagnant water, etc. Tiredness of Culex aegypti, Culex lighteri A large area of clean water bodies, such as rice paddies, lotus coils, marshes, irrigation ditches, etc. Chinese Anopheles sinensis, Culex triple-beaked mosquitoes Clean and flowing bodies of water, such as mountain streams or creek beds, etc. Micro Anopheles microplus Small natural bodies of water, such as tree holes, bamboo canes, altars, cans and other stagnant water. Aedes albopictus, Aedes Inchneri, Aedes aegypti, water inside and outside the home, e.g. water tanks, water in coconut shells, etc. Aedes aegypti 2. Blood-sucking habits: Mosquitoes also transmit diseases through blood-sucking, and understanding the blood-sucking habits of mosquitoes will help to understand the relationship between them and diseases. Only female mosquitoes suck blood; males do not. Female mosquitoes must suck blood for their ovaries to develop and reproduce. Female mosquitoes more in the feathering 2-3 days after the start of blood-sucking, temperature, humidity, light and other factors can affect the mosquito's blood-sucking activities. Temperature above 10 ° C began to suck blood; general Aedes aegypti mosquitoes more blood during the day, Anopheles, Culex mosquitoes more blood in the night; some partial to human blood, some mosquitoes love to suck the blood of domestic animals, but there is no strict selectivity, so mosquitoes can be spread by human and animal **** disease. Mosquitoes love to bite which people? Mosquito's head and legs with tentacles and bristles, there is a sensory role, humidity, temperature, sweat are very sensitive, so they often love to bite love sweating and do not take a bath. Children's skin is delicate, active metabolism, the pores on the skin volatile sweat fast, often by mosquitoes. Also, mosquitoes on the weak light is very like, if you wear a black clothes, just suitable for mosquitoes visual habits. However, mosquitoes are sensitive to strong air currents, summer when you shake the fan to cool, mosquitoes are difficult to approach you. 3. Habitat: grasp the habitat of mosquitoes is the basis for the development of anti-mosquito measures. Mosquito feathering and blood-sucking are required to find a place to live, generally speaking, mosquitoes like in hidden, dark and poorly ventilated places to live, such as more in the house under the bed, cabinets, doors, wall cracks and barns, basements, etc., and outdoors more in the bushes, caves, cellars, bridge holes, cracks and other places. According to the different habitat habits after blood-sucking mosquitoes are divided into the following three types: domestic type: such as tiny Anopheles mosquitoes, Anopheles anthropophilus. Semi-domestic type: such as Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles sun and moon lake, etc. Some of the blood sucking indoors, some to the outdoor habitat. Wild type: such as big bad Anopheles, Aedes albopictus, etc. After sucking blood to fly to the outdoors to digest the blood in the stomach. Some habits of mosquitoes are not well known. They like to wait, sometimes on the door of the room you must enter is a few hours, as long as you will open the door, they will quickly follow you into the room, and then wait for the opportunity to bite. They are one of the very few animals that will not walk. Sleeping in the same bed of two people, there will be two kinds of mosquitoes "deal with" the results, one was not bitten a bite, but a bite all over the body, resulting in this end of the reason is not your hygiene is not hygienic decision, but some of the characteristics of your body to play a major role, such as the blood type, and often O-type blood is more prone to be bitten. Mosquitoes generally have a way to know that the person "sleep or not sleep", usually in your bed reading it is difficult to bite you a bite, once you will fall asleep, it immediately flew to your side to bite people. Mosquito biting speed and temperature has a great relationship, at 37 degrees Celsius above, it can do in 0.1 seconds will bite people "on the mouth", at 27 degrees Celsius below the speed of biting people is greatly reduced, 17 degrees Celsius below the general no longer bite people.
[edit]Life expectancy
The life expectancy of mosquitoes, male mosquitoes in natural conditions after mating about 7-10 days to death, but in the laboratory can live to 1 to 2 months; female mosquitoes in general can live 1 to 2 months, in the laboratory had lived to four months.
[edit]Harm to humans
Among mosquitoes, the most abominable ones are those that suck human blood. Male and female mosquitoes are not the same food, male mosquitoes "vegetarian", specializing in plant nectar and fruit, stems and leaves in the sap for food. Female mosquitoes occasionally taste the liquid juice of plants, however, once the marriage, not to suck blood. Because it is only after sucking blood, can make the ovary development. Therefore, the bite of blood sucking only female mosquitoes. Mosquito's pair of antennae and three pairs of feet, distribution of many whorls of sensory hairs, each sensory hairs are densely arranged with round or oval holes. In the dark, mosquitoes can rely on this sensor to perceive the air in the human body emitted carbon dioxide, in 1 ‰ seconds to respond, can be correct and agile to fly to the blood-sucking object there. Mosquitoes in the blood before sucking, the first contains anticoagulant saliva injected into the subcutaneous and blood mixing, so that the blood into a thin plasma will not coagulate, and then spit out the overnight undigested old blood, sucking fresh blood. If a person at the same time to 10,000 mosquitoes arbitrary bite, you can suck the human blood. Mosquitoes suck human blood, but also "picking the fat and thin", specifically looking for objects that fit the "taste". Mosquitoes in sleeping people's pillows "buzzing" hovering, relying on proximity sensors to sense the temperature, humidity and sweat contained within the chemical composition. So the female mosquitoes first bite the higher body temperature, sweaty people. Because of the high body temperature, sweaty people secreted in the odor contains more amino acids, lactic acid and ammonia compounds, very easy to lure mosquitoes. The main danger of mosquitoes is the spread of disease. According to research, mosquitoes spread more than 80 kinds of diseases. On earth, there is no animal than mosquitoes have a greater harm to human beings. The disease malaria is transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito. Malaria is also known as miasma. According to the survey of the Department of Health in 1935, in the miasma prevalent in the region, the residents of the blood within the malaria parasite accounted for 50%, with 72% of the malaria. 1936 Jiangsu Gao County due to malaria deaths of 20,000 or so, in 1876, the excavation of the Panama Canal was due to yellow fever and malaria deaths of countless workers, so that in 1889 had to stop. After entomologists solved the problem of mosquitoes to continue to complete the canal project. 1930 Far Eastern Tropical Diseases Medical Association report pointed out that: Thailand every year, about 50 people died of tiger's mouth, while the death of malaria up to 50,000 people. There are 400 species of members of the genus Plasmodium worldwide, 85 of which are capable of transmitting malaria. Malaria caused by Plasmodium is one of the leading causes of human death globally, and children under the age of five, in particular, are more susceptible to malaria infection and death. Malaria kills about 3 million people each year,[3] and the malaria-transmitting Anopheles mosquitoes are found in Central and South America, Africa, Oceania, and Central Asia, with Africa being the most severely affected. On average, a child dies of malaria every 30 seconds in Africa. Anopheles Gambiae, one of the other diseases of the Anopheles mosquito Most species of mosquitoes are capable of transmitting filariasis (caused by nematodes). This disease causes rubbery swellings (gumma) that make the external genitals and thighs abnormally enlarged. Globally, about 1.2 million people are infected with filariasis. [2] Most species of mosquitoes transmit viral diseases, including yellow fever, dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, polyarthritis, Rift Valley fever, Chikungunya fever, and West Nile fever. Fortunately, AIDS is not transmitted by mosquito bites. How do mosquitoes transmit the disease to humans? When anopheles mosquitoes feed on the blood of a patient with malaria, they also take the Plasmodium parasites (the cause of malaria) into their bodies. When they bite again, Plasmodium is injected from the mosquito's mouth into the bitten person's body. After ten days, the Plasmodium worms begin to appear in blood vessels close to the skin. They multiply inside the patient's red blood cells, splitting into large numbers of tiny protozoa that destroy the red blood cells and release a toxin. Each small Plasmodium parasite invades other red blood cells and continues to multiply, increasing the number of Plasmodium parasites and toxins in the patient's body and causing chills and fever. A patient with malaria first gets chills and shivers all over his body, but his temperature is high on the thermometer. After about one hour, the patient feels feverish, and then the temperature continues to rise. After three to four hours, the patient starts to sweat and the temperature drops, and after a few hours the patient feels relieved and the disease seems to be over, but in fact, at this time, Plasmodium has already invaded the new red blood cells and started to reproduce again. When the malaria parasite destroys the red blood cells again, the patient becomes ill again and a second round is formed. Unless proper treatment is given, these attacks continue regularly and are very painful. The human toll of malaria is considerable, with patients suffering from debilitating illnesses, low work efficiency and, in severe cases, loss of life. Medicines are available to treat and prevent the disease, but the best way is to eliminate the mosquito that transmits the disease - malaria. Epidemic encephalitis B (which is an acute infectious disease caused by a filtering virus), also carried by mosquitoes, this disease is also called Japanese encephalitis B, which is commonly referred to as cerebral inflammation. Patients have fever, headache, vomiting, convulsions, lethargy and coma. There is no specific medicine for treatment, so the death rate is quite high. Mosquito bites and sucks the blood of people or animals containing this virus, after a considerable period of time it becomes infectious, and then when it bites a person who has no immunity, it can cause the bitten person to develop the disease. Mosquitoes infected with this disease are called Culex and Aedes aegypti. Prevention and control of the occurrence of this disease and epidemic in addition to vaccination, prevention and control of infection, we must vigorously carry out mosquito control, eliminate the spreader. In addition, Culex and Anopheles mosquitoes also transmit filariasis (elephantiasis). China can transmit disease mosquitoes can be roughly divided into three categories: a class called Anopheles, commonly known as Anopheles mosquitoes, the main transmission of malaria. According to incomplete statistics, in 1929, 1 year, the world due to malaria deaths of about 2 million people. Another category is called Culex mosquitoes, mainly transmit filariasis and epidemic encephalitis B. The third category is called Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The third type is called Aedes aegypti, with black and white markings on its body, also called Aedes aegypti, which mainly transmits epidemic encephalitis B and dengue fever. In a suitable environment in summer, female mosquitoes lay their eggs in water, which hatch into larvae called tsetse after one or two days. After four molts, the tsetse becomes a pupa, which continues to live in the water for two or three days before it can be transformed into a mosquito. Completion of the development of one generation is only about 10-12 days, can reproduce seven or eight generations a year. Scientists from a long time ago found that carbon dioxide on the mosquito has a strong role in attracting, but only carbon dioxide can not explain all the problems, because the facts show that, after all, mosquitoes love to bite people's arms and legs and feet. So while the role of carbon dioxide cannot be ignored, there must be other substances released by the skin that are even more enticing to mosquitoes. Scientists have found that mosquitoes react violently to some mixtures, and in the 346 substances they experimented with, three particular chemical mixtures attracted 90 percent of the mosquitoes each time during the experiment. Bernier, on the other hand, found that his own arms and hands attracted only seven mosquitoes. "And sometimes mosquitoes are not attracted at all to a mixture of 30 substances," Bernier said. However, in this experiment scientists never found any lure that could attract mosquitoes 100 percent of the time. The researchers also found that mixtures that released a human-like body odor were more attractive to mosquitoes. But that's a long way from making a better lure. Because the lure must be more attractive to mosquitoes than the human body in its vicinity to be effective, Bernier and others say "getting close to the human body is a very difficult thing that we have not been able to do so far." Eliminating mosquitoes is key to ensuring human health and avoiding the spread of disease. Mosquitoes go through four stages in their lives: egg, larva (tsetse), pupa, and adult. Mosquitoes like to lay their eggs in clear water, such as small rivers, rain puddles, ponds, swamps, rice paddies and mountain streams, etc.; in the warm season, the eggs can hatch into tsetse in about three days and begin to eat very small microorganisms and protozoa growing in the water. They draw air near the surface of the water through two stomata at the end of their bodies. The tsetse undergoes a moult and eventually stops eating, becomes less active and turns into a nymph. After about two or three days, the nymphs come back to the surface of the water to molt their skins and fly out as adults (that is, mosquitoes). Male and female mating mostly in the early morning or evening, first male mosquitoes around the top of a short tree, eaves, windows or open spaces in groups, female mosquitoes to see the opportunity to join the team, in flight soon to mate. Male mosquitoes only suck grass juice, nectar to live, do not suck blood. Female mosquitoes must suck blood after mating (human or animal blood) eggs to mature, so only female mosquitoes can spread disease. Female mosquitoes full of blood can produce an egg, a lifetime of six to eight times, each 200-300 particles, so the early elimination of a mosquito, equal to the elimination of hundreds, thousands. Knowing the life history of mosquitoes and breeding sites is very important. We can apply this knowledge to vigorously eliminate mosquitoes. Mosquito larvae are the easiest to extinguish, because the tsetse must live in the water, such as filling in the lowlands, channeling stagnant water, and often clean up water storage vessels, tsetse have nowhere to live, mosquito control will certainly receive good results. In the evening, mosquitoes have the characteristic of light, so most mosquitoes began to enter the house. The corners of the house, the ceiling, the bottom of the bed and the seat behind a few water sources near (especially with babies and the elderly room) is the mosquito's favorite place to patronize and hide, therefore, the spray aerosol, pay special attention. In fact, anti-mosquito is the most important. If you prevent mosquitoes well, the number of mosquitoes visiting your home will be very, very, very low. In most parts of the world, mosquitoes are a serious public **** health problem. It is estimated that about 700 million people are infected by mosquitoes each year, and every seventeen people, there is 1 person died from a variety of diseases transmitted by mosquitoes. Especially in the tropics, a wide range of infectious diseases are often transmitted to humans by mosquitoes. However, in most temperate countries, such as the United States, the United Kingdom and New Zealand, mosquito bites are usually only itchy and not infected with disease.
[edit]Evolutionary history
It is believed that the originator of the mosquito evolved in the Jurassic period 170 million years ago. The earliest fossilized evidence of this is found in rock formations from the Cretaceous period. Mosquitoes first evolved in what is now South America, then gradually migrated north to the Laua Archipelago, and then south again to the tropics. The ancestor of the mosquito was about three times the size of the extant species, and was closely related to the Chaoboridae family of mosquitoes.
[edit]Mosquitoes
After we understand the habits of mosquitoes, then what is a good way to deal with mosquitoes? Here to teach you a few strokes: physical mosquito first move: eliminate the mosquito living environment (for the dormitory on the way, too much grass below the garbage) Some of the living environment is poor, around the stagnant water, the need for frequent spraying, which is not only difficult to eliminate mosquitoes, will also be spending a lot of money as a result. So why not use some physical methods to eliminate mosquitoes. Solution: clean up the garbage in time, do not leave stagnant water. Physical mosquito second move : soap silk + laundry detergent water in the house placed in a basin, the basin with some soap silk mixed with laundry detergent water, the next day, the water basin will have some dead mosquitoes. Using this method continuously every day, you can almost eliminate the need of spraying insecticidal liquid to kill mosquitoes. Moreover, the mosquitoes will be less and less. Physical mosquito third move: garlic, vitamin B There are two other pieces of mosquito repellent magic weapon, you can not help but try, which is garlic, (peanut) vitamin B . Physical mosquito fourth strokes: salt water, toothpaste, hot towels, etc. If you accidentally or by mosquitoes to the bite, do not rush to scratch with your hands. Come to a little salt water or toothpaste, coated in the affected area can quickly help you stop itching. Mosquito venom can be solved when encountering high temperature, after being bitten by mosquitoes, mosquito venom is most afraid of high temperature, immediately with a hot towel for 5 minutes. Or with a hot water bottle stopper (bottle of course, there should be hot water) slightly hot, point of dressing small packets, to not scalding shall prevail. 3-5 minutes can Physical mosquito fifth trick: plant efficacy, can be placed in the room, such as dried oranges or roses and other flowers, mosquitoes can be expelled from my home without mosquitoes Sixth trick: mosquito-free homes to do to create a green space is everyone's dream, allergies, respiratory disease people, especially in the case of the mosquitoes. The most important thing is to create a green space in the house, which is the dream of everyone, and it is extremely important for people with allergies, respiratory diseases, especially for delicate young children and pregnant women. Window screens are commonly used and most effective. For window screens, the size of the holes should be appropriate; when installing the screen, there should be a little bit of leeway to cover some of the window cracks. Fitted with a window screen, can only block a large part of the mosquito, the next to do is very critical: <1> fume dehydrator exit, the hole is so big, it is easy to be forgotten, the exit should be installed screen. <2>. The exhaust window should not be missed either. <3>. Outlet: sinks, washing machines, bathtubs, etc., some of these places have water storage elbow, due to the siphon phenomenon, blocking mosquitoes, especially heavy rain, the water level rises, mosquitoes will be a large number of drilling in from these places, available window gauze cloth to cover the mouth. <4>. Handling of door seams, sometimes the door seams are very large, with the door can not be sealed, especially under the door of the seam, with the window screen from the bottom over, inside and outside the screen fixed, the best to relax a little bit, mosquitoes can not enter the la. <5>. And then carefully check whether there are mosquitoes can be drilled into the small holes and seams, with tape sticky, sponge plug. Let's look at another way - the use of the loss of potency of mosquito tablets, gently drop a few drops of essential oil, plug in the power supply, you can achieve a strong mosquito repellent effect, but also to save tablets. Meet the power outage can also be used one or two tablets, a piece of ignition, a few minutes later, you can play the effect of mosquito repellent mosquito. Above money-saving mosquito law you can also try. If you are used to using sprays to deal with mosquitoes, you have to choose the best time and focus on the part to kill mosquitoes. A, avoid mosquitoes and mosquito repellent 1, diligent bathing can remove the flavor of body surface secretions, reduce the possibility of being attacked by mosquitoes. 2, vitamin B metabolism by the human body, discharged from the sweat will produce a special odor that can repel mosquitoes. Therefore, you can eat more brown rice, beans, dried fruits, hard fruits, peanut kernels, fruits, green vegetables, milk, river food, seafood and other vitamin B-rich foods. 3, wear yellow, white and other light-colored clothes can reduce the chances of being bitten by mosquitoes. 4, for mosquitoes tend to light, like high temperature, dark and humid environment and day and night habits, you can turn off the indoor lights in the evening, open the doors and windows, to be mosquitoes fly outdoors, and then close the screen window screen door, to avoid mosquitoes fly into. 5, in the bedroom placed a few boxes of cool oil and wind oil, will be grinding mothballs, sprinkled in the corners of the house can drive mosquitoes. 6, placed one or two pots of mosquito repellent flowers. 7, indoor installation of orange-red light bulbs, or with translucent orange-red cellophane sets in the bulb can be part of the expulsion of mosquitoes. 8, burning sun-dried residual tea leaves and orange peel can be smoked to run mosquitoes. 9, with the right amount of mint, perilla or tomato leaves, rub out the juice coated in the human exposed skin, can prevent mosquito bites. 10, hang a handful of scallions under the lamp, or use a yarn bag with a few scallion segments to help repel mosquitoes. B, the best way to prevent mosquitoes from entering. 1, the screen window carefully check over, do not have a hole or flash seam place. 2, usually pay more attention to the sanitation of damp places such as sewers to avoid mosquito breeding. 3, pay attention to the hygiene of the outside of the home, often spraying insecticides such as mirex and other insecticides designed to kill mosquitoes. When using insecticides at home, it is best to spray some at work, and open the windows after work to ventilate. 4, in order to health, buy green environmentally friendly harmless electric mosquito coils to use. Prevention is more important. C, of course, there is a lazy way out, is the use of mosquito nets and sleep before applying anti-mosquito water. Can mosquitoes transmit hepatitis C? Compiled by Biocom: Could some unexplained cases of hepatitis C infection be due to mosquito bites? Researchers have found that the virus can bind and replicate in mosquito cells, providing some evidence for this possibility. However, many experts disagree that mosquitoes can transmit the hepatitis C virus. Approximately 17,000,000 people worldwide are infected with the hepatitis C virus, which causes inflammation of the patient's liver, which can eventually lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. In most cases the virus is transmitted through infected blood products and contaminated needles, but in about 20% of infected people no such risk factors exist. Hepatitis C belongs to the genus Flavivirus, which includes viruses that can be transmitted by insects, such as West Nile virus, dengue virus and yellow fever virus. This led a team of researchers led by Emmanuel Drouet of Université Joseph-Fourier Grenoble I in La Tronche, France, to wonder if the hepatitis C virus could replicate in mosquito cells. The researchers isolated the virus from a person infected with hepatitis C virus and added it to the cells of Aedes pseudoscutellaris mosquitoes and the kidney cells of African green monkeys, both of which are commonly cultured cell lines for other flaviviruses. In the May issue of the Journal of Medical Virology, the group reported that the virus was able to bind to and replicate within mosquito and monkey cells by measuring the RNA levels of the virus for up to 28 days after infection. In contrast, infection failed after about a week in live human B-cell hepatocellular carcinoma cells, Drouet said, which may indicate that the possibility of mosquito transmission of hepatitis C virus exists, although no one has yet found hepatitis C virus in mosquitoes. Michael Turell, an entomologist at the U.S. Army Medical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, said the ability of the virus to replicate in mosquito cells is not unexpected because of the relationship between hepatitis C virus and flavivirus. Many scientists strongly disagree with the idea that mosquitoes can transmit hepatitis C. They point to the fact that mosquitoes can transmit hepatitis C virus. They point out that hepatitis C virus infection is not characterized by a geographic or seasonal distribution, which characterize mosquito transmission. They believe that some of the current unexplained cases may simply be sexually transmitted or conceal drug use. David Thomas, an epidemiologist at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, said, "There is still a lack of evidence of mosquito transmission of this disease." Evolutionarily speaking, the host definitely came before the parasitic organism, so the parasitic organism would not have existed at all until the host evolved. So the mosquitoes and roundworms you mention obviously didn't exist before the emergence of higher animals, when all that existed would have been primitive arthropods (primitive mosquitoes) and nematodes (primitive nematodes), both free-living, nectar-sucking or feeding on microorganisms, organic matter, algae, etc. It is only since the emergence of higher animals that they have evolved into parasitic species in several different ways. The following are three pathways to the origin of parasitic relationships: 1. Development from spatial connections to food connections. There is first a simple ****habitat, then a transition to the host body, and then into the body ****habitat, with varying degrees of ****habitat to establish the basis for the development of trophic associations. Food associations may begin as a form of partial ****habitation that is beneficial to one party and harmless to the other. Further development may appear one side depends on the other side of the body fluids to maintain life, that is, the development of parasitic relationship; may also be the two sides of the use of each other's metabolites, the development of mutually beneficial **** living relationship. 2. Transition to parasitism through predation. Traces of the transition are still preserved in nature. For example, the European vermiformes in the flat-tongued leech (Glossiphonia complanata) is a free-living predator, swallowing small invertebrates as a whole; the yellow leech (naeemopis) is the same as the flat-tongued leech in the swallowing of small animals, but the attack on the large animals and blood-sucking is temporary. The bush-dwelling mountain leech (Hameadipsa) no longer employs other modes of nutrition, but relies on a specialized, temporary parasitic life of sucking the blood of its host from time to time. The inchworm fish leech (Piscicola geometrica) spends its entire life activity on the body of the fish, leaving the host only during the breeding season. 3. The third pathway is the accidental infiltration of future host organisms. Although the host body is a temporary place of life, it is very favorable to the parasites and succeeds as a parthenogenetic parasitism. Parasitism can evolve in different directions after it arises from the above three pathways of *** inhabitation, predation and accidental parasitism. The synergistic evolution of parasites and hosts often results in the reduction of harmful "negative effects" and even the evolution of a mutually beneficial ****biotic relationship. Therefore, it can be said that mosquitoes and roundworms appeared very late and were not called so until they were fully parasitized. The primitive state of mosquitoes to attract tree sweat for a living, each have more than two meters as big as one meter, because of the attraction of tree sweat, the life body is very fragile, and later adapted to life and a variety of environments evolved into a blood-sucking, the body size has become very small. In Africa and other small number of primitive areas, also circulated "three mosquitoes, a dish".
[edit]Mosquitoes like to bite which people
Mosquitoes prefer to bite women, this is why? A recent study shows that most cosmetics contain stearic acid, and mosquitoes like this fatty acid very much, so women are more popular with mosquitoes. Therefore, people who are rich in cholesterol and vitamins for mosquitoes are most favored by mosquitoes. Mosquitoes use odor to find the most suitable object for their "appetite" from the crowd. Cholesterol and vitamins are nutrients that annoying insects such as mosquitoes need to survive, but which they cannot produce on their own. Mosquitoes have a strong sense of smell. When humans exhale carbon dioxide and other odors, these odors will spread in the air, mosquitoes are always with the human exhaled odor zigzagging forward until contact with the target until, and then fell to the skin patiently looking for "breakthroughs", and finally put the "syringe" The needle is inserted directly into the skin and sucks blood for 8-10 seconds. A person's cholesterol level will not influence the mosquito's judgment, unless there is enough cholesterol stored in a place very close to the epidermis. Pregnant women are twice as likely to be bitten by mosquitoes as non-pregnant women. The gas exhaled by women during pregnancy contains a number of different chemicals that make it a target for Anopheles mosquitoes. In addition, pregnant women have higher body temperatures and sweat more, making them a good breeding ground for skin bacteria. These two reasons make pregnant women more likely than other women to get mosquitoes "patronized". From the above situation, mosquitoes choose to bite the object, most rely on the judgment to be bitten by the odor emitted from the body to carry out. To change this situation, we can try to change their own odor to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes. Mosquitoes how to winter General mosquitoes begin to appear in April each year, to peak activity in mid to late August. Autumn climate becomes cold when the temperature drops to below 10 ℃, mosquitoes will stop breeding, a large number of deaths, a very small number of mosquitoes will survive, they can be sheltered from the wind and the cold in wall seals and other places, such as hiding in the warmer indoors, and the more hidden, such as the back of the closet and so on. But will avoid hotter places, such as heaters. This is not only to escape the harsh winter, but also to reduce the metabolic rate, to avoid starvation and death. Kind of like hibernation. Outdoors, mosquitoes generally hide in warmer places such as inside heating ducts, and the mosquitoes that appear the following year are more likely to be eggs hatching out ~~~~
Is that enough
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