1. The basis of dividing rhyme feet
-Based on the pronunciation of Putonghua and the phonetic notation in Xinhua Dictionary, the division of the rhyme parts of Putonghua divides the 35 vowels of Chinese Pinyin into 14: Ma Bo is elegant and full, and Tang Geng is enthusiastic and full. In order to facilitate memory, two seven-character poems can be used to represent 14 rhyme: Chinese poems celebrate the New Year, and Jiang Tao writes jade articles.
2. Rhyme standard
-Homophony and homophony are divided into phonetic notation in Chinese Pinyin, and vowels can be divided into three parts: rhyme head, rhyme belly and rhyme ending. The I, U and U parts at the beginning of vowels are called vowels; The vowel part after the rhyme head is the main part of vowel pronunciation, such as A in ua, E in ei and O in iou, which is called rhyme belly. The consonant part behind the rhyme belly, that is, n and ng, is called the rhyme ending. Rhyme belly and rhyme ending are the full names of rhymes. Some vowels don't rhyme, only rhyme. Some vowels have no ending, and the belly is the rhyme. Obviously, words with the same rhyme and pronunciation are harmonious and unified to read, so they rhyme. The so-called "homophony" means that words with homophony belong to homophony department. In this way, the division of phonology has a clear and operable standard and scale, which makes it have a scientific basis. Considering the specific situation of using English letters in Chinese Pinyin, some adjustments have been made to individual specific situations when judging "isomorphism". With phonetic symbols, rhyme is called mother, without rhyme, rhyme is rhyme. It is more natural that the vowels are the same and the rhymes are the same.
3. The principle of leveling and leveling.
-only flat tones, not recognizing words that are pronounced flat tones and flat tones, that is, flat tones; Words pronounced as rising or falling are falling words. No longer distinguish between input words. In this way, each rhyme part is actually naturally divided into two parts: flat sound and flat sound. When using the rhymed word board, change the new rhyme into sound. In order to use Pingshui rhyme more conveniently at the same time, the original entering tone words contained in Pingsheng words of this rhyme are marked after each rhyme. The original tone-entering words in the silent part are no longer marked.
4. The attribution principle of polyphonic words
-the sound is arbitrary, and the rhyme depends on the sound. For polyphonic words, according to their different pronunciations, they belong to the corresponding rhyme. In use, the pronunciation of the word is determined according to its specific meaning in the sentence, so as to determine its rhyme and its hierarchy and level division.
5. Relationship with ancient rhyme books
-advocate understanding the past from today, with two tracks in parallel; Today might as well be ancient, but leniency does not hinder strictness. When writing old-style poems, we advocate the use of new rhymes, but we are not opposed to the use of old rhymes, such as equality. However, in the same poem, different parts of the old and new rhymes should not be mixed. In order to facilitate readers' appreciation and editors' review, rhyming poems should generally be noted. Generally speaking, the new rhyme is simpler, wider and bigger than the old rhyme, which should promote the prosperity of poetry creation. But this does not prevent the continued use of ancient rhyme, which is the principle of "today is not as good as the ancient". Moreover, even if you use new rhymes, you can also use rhymes that are stricter and finer than Chinese new rhymes. This is the principle that "width does not hinder strictness". We believe that the reform of phonology is a major event and cannot be accomplished overnight. The summary is not perfect, and it needs to be revised and improved after a trial period. I hope that this "short list" can help the majority of poetry writers and lovers to a certain extent, and that a large number of good poems with new rhymes will emerge in the poetry world. This is the fundamental purpose of publishing this short list.
Edit the problem description in this paragraph.
1.e, o rhymes. The pronunciation difference between e and o in Chinese pinyin depends on the initial consonant. When it is spelled with B, P, M and F, it sounds like O, and when it is spelled with other initials, it sounds like E ... They are actually a vowel, but when spelled with different initials, the pronunciation is slightly different. "Ping Yun Shui" belongs to five songs, and "Thirteenth Street" belongs to "Sobo", which shows that the difference in ancient times is even smaller. ㄛㄜ and ㄜ are used in phonetic symbols, and two letters with similar shapes reflect the actual pronunciation. Therefore, classifying e and o as homophony does not violate the standard of "homophony" in actual pronunciation. 2.eng and ong are rhymes. The use of vowel ong is only a special treatment of Chinese pinyin scheme. From the phonological point of view, Weng He's rhyme is not O, but E, that is to say, it should be ueng and three eng, and their rhymes are both ENG. There is also a vowel, ueng, which is homophonic with ong, so it can be seen that ong and ueng are equivalent. In phonetic symbols, ong and ONG are ㄨㄥ and ㄩㄥ, respectively. The vowel is the same as ㄥ, so it is clear at a glance and rhymes with eng. Divided into one East, two Winter, eight Geng, nine Qing and ten Steams, thirteen tracks are unified in the Middle East, which shows that the ancients have realized that they can have the same rhyme. The rhyme of 3.IE and ue is not e, but Mi. The standard of "homophones" is based on the actual pronunciation of words. For simplicity, the Chinese Pinyin scheme adjusts the use of individual letters. For example, the e in ie and ue should actually be ê, which is ㄝ in Athena Chu alphabet. For simplicity, it is easy to notice the sound by replacing it with e, but a mask is added to the rhyme. We must throw away the mask and rhyme according to its actual pronunciation. So ie and ue should not rhyme with E, but should form their own rhymes. In "Ping Yun Shui", these two rhymes are mixed with nine beauties and six hemp, and the "thirteen rhymes" begin to incline, reflecting the development and differentiation of pronunciation. 4.an and en rhyme differently. Some of these two vowels sounded the same or similar in ancient times, so Ping classified them as homophony (thirteen yuan). Now some local dialects still retain this dialect, but it has been clearly distinguished in Putonghua. Although both vowels end in nasal n, the main vowel with rhyme is different, so the rhyme is different. According to the standard of "homonymy", it should not rhyme. 5.en and eng cannot be mortgaged. In ancient times, the phenomenon of kindness and English was very common, especially in ci. Nowadays, in some local dialects, there is still a phenomenon that en and eng are indistinguishable, that is, the remnants of ancient sounds. In Mandarin, their pronunciation is very different, so they can't be called. Moreover, the new rhyme has only a dozen rhymes, with many words and plenty of room, so there is no need to relax the rhyme. Therefore, no matter from the standard of "same body and same rhyme" or from the scale of specific operation, these two rhymes should not be tied together again. Note: For the sake of simplicity, the old rhyme mentioned in this article is only flat rhyme. According to the standard of "homophony", readers and users will solve their own rhyme attribution, so it is not redundant.