A new model of geriatric health management services
Into the aging society, in the context of the continuing increase in chronic non-communicable diseases, the implementation of geriatric health management strategies, the use of limited resources to maximize the quality of life of the elderly and reduce the burden on the community is an important breakthrough for the development of the aging industry, and is also a low-cost response to the challenges of aging strategic choice. The following is a compilation of articles about the health management service model for the elderly, welcome to read!
First, pay attention to the health management of the elderly, to promote the sustainable development of society
In our country, suffering from chronic diseases has been presented as a ? Elderly people are the main group of chronic disease patients, and more than half of the elderly in China suffer from hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes and other chronic diseases (National Health and Family Planning Commission, 2013). In order to reduce the economic burden on society and families, rationally allocate and fully utilize resources, and promote sustainable development of society, the elderly should be taken as the first major population for health management. Only by doing a good job of health management of the elderly population; can we enable healthy elderly people to maintain good life ** habits and promote good health, can we enable elderly people at risk of disease to change their lifestyles and prevent the occurrence of disease, can we enable those who are already ill to control the course of the disease and prevent disability, and can we promote the functional restoration of those who have recovered from the disease, improve the quality of survival and prolong the life expectancy. In conclusion, health management of the aging population is as important as that of children aged 0-6 years and maternal health.
Second, the elderly service system as the basis, the center of gravity of health management in old age to the community and family
Currently our country is building a home-based, community-based, institutional support of the elderly service system, for the elderly health management services, the elderly service system should be based on the center of gravity of the down to the community and family. community and family.
(A) Rely on the community, the establishment of relatively independent elderly health management center
The community is the grass-roots organization closely related to the life of the masses, so the implementation of health management work for the elderly should rely on the community to carry out. At present, the health management of the elderly in China is mainly undertaken by community health service organizations. As the two main focuses of community health services, the current basic medical and basic public **** health services in China lack an effective interface mechanism, coupled with the shortage of medical resources, the lack of specialized personnel and other reasons, making it difficult for the current community health management system for the elderly to continue. It is recommended that a relatively independent geriatric health management center be established in each community. The management center is not as a subsidiary of the existing medical institutions, and not for profit; rather, it is set up by the government, which gives it special financial support, and configures basic health check-up equipment and an appropriate number of health managers for it separately, maintaining its public welfare nature. The Community Elderly Health Management Center is responsible for coordinating the pension and medical resources of community health service agencies, community elderly care centers, and other organizations to carry out health management work for the elderly in the community, and to reduce the incidence of chronic diseases among the elderly in the community and to reduce their medical costs as an assessment indicator, so as to further enhance the capacity of the community health services.
(2) Based on the family, set up ? The first step is to establish a community health center for the elderly, which will be the first of its kind in the community. It is imperative to construct a community-based home health management model. In recent years, there have been a number of community-based home health management programs. Sunrise Crowd and the rapid popularization of square dancing have further confirmed the greatness of the people's spontaneous power. The health management center can call for organizing the elderly in the community to set up a number of health mutual aid groups based on residential units, with the group members electing energetic elderly people with healthy lifestyles and less risk of chronic diseases as group leaders. Community health managers are responsible for guiding the group leaders, who are responsible for supervising and urging group members to balance their diets, adhere to moderate exercise and maintain a healthy lifestyle. Through the form of group activities for the elderly, self-help and mutual assistance are carried out, health self-management is strengthened, the peer effect is brought into play, and the strength of the elderly group itself is relied upon to form ? Everyone participates. The company's website is a great source of information for the elderly, and it is a great source of information for the elderly.
(C) Facing the organization, promote?
As a supplement to home care and community care, institutional care is mainly for the disabled, semi-disabled, mentally retarded and other family care and community care for the elderly in difficulty. The health management of the elderly living in nursing institutions should be managed through ? Medical, nursing, care? Combined service model to realize. The combined service model is not a combination of nursing homes and hospitals. The combined service model is not a simple addition of nursing homes and hospitals, but rather a fusion of medical resources and nursing resources, so that through the development of health management, the elderly in institutions can enjoy such services as health assessment, the establishment of health records, lifestyle management, emotional comfort, prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, health promotion, rehabilitation care, life care and hospice care, and so on. This can be achieved through the consolidation of stock resources and encouraging the transformation of some medical institutions into geriatric nursing homes or geriatric rehabilitation institutions, etc. It can also be achieved by means of independent setup, supporting setup or agreement and cooperation, so as to equip elderly institutions with medical conditions. Promote? Medical, nursing and care? Combined service model, the need for civil affairs departments and health departments to cooperate, in addition to health insurance system, long-term care insurance system to establish a variety of issues, therefore, its real landing is still a matter of time.
Three, hierarchical, disease-specific chronic disease management, focusing on dementia, disability elderly daily life rehabilitation training and the application of assistive devices
In our country, because more than half of the elderly suffer from a variety of chronic non-communicable diseases, so the main content of the elderly health management services for the health management of chronic diseases; in addition to this, but also includes focusing on the rehabilitation of the ability to take care of themselves and the research and development of assistive devices for the disabled and mentally retarded elderly.
(1) To carry out chronic disease management by levels and types of diseases, to reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases and complications
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 1/3 of chronic diseases can be avoided through preventive health care, 1/3 can be effectively controlled through early detection, and 1/3 can be improved through early intervention. Through health checkups and health assessments, older adults can be categorized into the general population, the high-risk population for different types of chronic diseases, and the diseased population (Du Lijun et al., 2014). Through this hierarchical and disease-specific chronic disease management, the aim of reducing the prevalence of chronic diseases and complications can be achieved, which is an effective measure to control chronic diseases. Disease-specific management for hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, which have a high prevalence rate, allows for targeted and personalized health interventions. For healthy people who are not yet sick and risky people who are prone to diseases, health education, lifestyle management and other measures are mainly adopted to improve their health awareness and reduce the risk of diseases; for sick people, health education and lifestyle management and other measures should be adopted to prevent or delay the development of diseases, and different treatments and disease management measures should also be adopted according to the process of disease development to reduce complications and prevent injuries or disabilities due to diseases. or disability.
(2) Focus on daily life rehabilitation training and the use of assistive devices to improve the prognosis of chronic diseases and enhance the quality of life of patients
For the elderly who are disabled or mentally retarded due to chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebral vascular diseases and Alzheimer's disease, in addition to the provision of life-care services for the elderly, the focus of health management work should be on daily life rehabilitation training and the use of assistive devices. Rehabilitation training for daily life can be based on different types of obstacles such as mobility, eating, grooming, dressing, bathing, toileting and household activities. Auxiliary aids include eleven categories such as rehabilitation training, self-care and protection, personal mobility, housework management, and environmental improvement1 . Through daily life rehabilitation training and the use of assistive devices, we can help the elderly to recover their physical functions, maximize their physical potential, enable them to have better adaptability to life, and at the same time, prevent the loss of their physical activity functions, improve the prognosis of diseases, and enhance the quality of life.
Fourth, increase investment, policy landing, and promote the construction of relevant laws, systems and standards
(a) Government-led, increase investment, ensure the fairness of basic health management services
China's children aged 0-6 years old from the neonatal period that is the establishment of health care manuals, enjoying free disease screening, physical examination, They are entitled to free disease screening, physical examination, growth and development assessment, home visits, vaccinations and other health management services. Mothers are entitled to maternity insurance, and health-care handbooks are established from the early stages of pregnancy, and they are entitled to a wide range of health management services such as health assessment, prenatal check-ups, health education, family visits and postnatal review. The health management of the elderly, which is also part of the public*** health service sector, should be given the same attention as that given to the management of children aged 0-6 and maternal health. However, in the absence of sufficient funding, public health service organizations are too busy carrying out financially rewarding medical service programs to be motivated to provide health management services for the elderly that are not covered by health insurance and are provided free of charge (Yuan Hong et al., 2011). Against this backdrop, high-end health management companies targeting minority populations and charging expensive fees have seized the market in this area.
Health management for the elderly population also belongs to the public **** health service field, and the organization or institution providing basic health management services for the elderly population should be independent of the existing health service institutions. Due to the public welfare nature of geriatric health management, these organizations or institutions should not adopt an entrepreneurial business operation and management model, nor should they aim to make profits. In order to improve the quality of life of the elderly population as a whole, geriatric health management should be elevated to the level of a national strategy, with the government setting up relatively independent health management centers for the elderly, insisting that the government take the lead in integrating various types of resources, such as medicine and health care, and pensioners, with the concept of health management, and providing them with special financial support to further increase their investment. In order to solve the problem of funding sources through multiple channels, specialized health management funds and insurance varieties for the elderly population can be set up, or health management for the elderly population can be incorporated into medical insurance. In short, the health management of the elderly should be made to be as practical and feasible as the health management programs for children aged 0-6 years and pregnant women, and to realize that every urban and rural elderly people can enjoy unpaid health census, health assessment, establishment of health records, chronic disease management, health education, health promotion and other services, to ensure the fairness of their basic health management services.
(2) Policy implementation and promotion of laws, systems and standards related to health management for the elderly population
At present, the domestic institutions that carry out health management services for the elderly population are mainly composed of relevant departments of hospitals at all levels that admit and treat elderly patients with chronic illnesses, community health service institutions, and various types of physical examination centers. Due to the lack of relevant laws, systems and standards, the existing health management service organizations are of different standards, the level of professional services is poor, and the service content is mostly limited to general medical checkups and symptom control of various chronic diseases, etc., ? The concept of prevention as the mainstay of health care and the concept of chronic disease control are the mainstays of health care. The concept of prevention and health management of chronic diseases has not been well implemented.
In 2013, the State Council issued two documents related to health management services for the elderly? Several Opinions on Accelerating the Development of the Elderly Service Industry (Guo Fa [2013] No. 35) and Several Opinions on Promoting the Development of the Health Service Industry (Guo Fa [2013] No. 40), which put forward the overall requirements, main tasks and policy measures to promote the development of the elderly service industry and health service industry. Among them, the Several Opinions on Promoting the Development of Health Service Industry (《关于促进健康服务业发展的若干意见》中的? Policy Measures? Article 6 clearly puts forward the need to improve health service regulations, standards and supervision, including promoting the development and revision of relevant laws and administrative regulations to promote the development of health service industry, to regulate service behavior, improve service quality and enhance the service level as the core, to improve the service standard system, strengthen the implementation of standards, and improve the standardization level of health service industry.
Provincial, municipal and county governments at all levels, as well as civil affairs and health departments, should promote policies based on the local health management needs of the elderly population and the actual implementation of the work, accelerate the development of the establishment of health management services for the elderly group of licenses, the introduction of relevant industry standards, the development of the service process, standardize the service behavior, strengthen the supervision and management, and promote the long-term sustainability of the elderly group of health management services and the stable and healthy development. The development of the health management service for the elderly will be sustainable and stable in the long run.
V. Accelerating the construction of information technology and innovating a new model of intelligent health management for the elderly
(1) Accelerating the construction of information technology and establishing standardized and ****enjoyable electronic health records
The construction of information technology is a development trend in the field of health management. With limited human and material resources, in order to promote the sustainable development of health management services for the elderly population, it is necessary to accelerate the construction of informatization, vigorously give full play to the advantages of informatization technology in terms of efficient, fast, content-rich, and intelligent services, and make full use of informatization technology to establish standardized, ****enjoyable electronic health records (Huang Meidong, 2014). Associate the health file information with the electronic medical records of medical institutions, the 'household registration management information of the public security system and social insurance, medical insurance and other information, to facilitate the preservation, tracking, updating, *** enjoyment and analysis of the health information of the elderly population, so as to realize the off-site health management, and to make the lifelong systematic monitoring and management of individual health possible.
(II) Internet of Things technology to promote, innovative intelligent health management of the elderly population new model
Internet of Things technology is one of the country's emerging strategic industries, for the management of chronic diseases as the main content of the health management of the elderly population, the application of the technology space is particularly broad (Huang Meidong, 2014). Driven by IoT technology and based on the telemedicine platform, the health management module can be better embedded in telemedicine and hospital information management systems, thus promoting systematic health management and telemedicine to the community and family, and exploring a new model of continuity, seamlessness, and intelligence in the health management of the elderly population.
Wireless sensor networks based on IoT technology can play an excellent role in monitoring human physiological data, health conditions, and telemedicine (Dongni Zhang et al., 2013). For example, wearable devices have evolved from initial exercise monitoring to dynamic monitoring of physiological indicators such as blood pressure, blood glucose, and oxygen saturation. In the future, older adults may not need to visit health management centers and medical institutions from time to time, but can complete simple routine monitoring at home. At the same time, health data can also be updated in real time through a variety of means, such as health management information platforms and mobile software, to strengthen dynamic monitoring. Community health management centers and medical institutions connected through the network are able to obtain timely health information about the elderly; through health management software, they can screen for disease risk factors, quickly determine the condition, and decide whether to carry out lifestyle intervention, remote treatment, disease control, or arrange for them to visit the hospital according to the severity of the condition.
Sixth, the construction of specialized service team, promote health care personnel multi-practice
(a) the establishment of long-term incentive mechanism, the construction of specialized service team
Specialized service personnel training and team building is the key to carry out the management of health of the elderly population. It is necessary to build a health management service team for the elderly population composed of community geriatric health managers, community geriatric caregivers, community family physicians, community geriatric workers, tertiary hospital clinicians, traditional Chinese medicine practitioners and other professionals*** (Zang Shao Min, 2013). To establish a talent introduction mechanism in line with the occupational characteristics of community health management services for the elderly, to build a salary assessment system with the number of elderly served, service quality and service satisfaction as the main indicators, to form a long-term incentive mechanism, and to give more training opportunities and career development space, so as to promote the health management services for the elderly in the community to have a lasting attraction for outstanding talents.
(2) Promote the multi-point practice of medical and nursing personnel to enhance the quality of community health management services
Releasing and promoting the multi-point practice of medical and nursing and other professionals is conducive to making up for the shortage of professionals in the community health management service sector and primary medical institutions, thereby enhancing the quality of community health management services. In addition to geriatric health managers, other professionals in the community health management service team for the elderly population can be considered to be supplemented by medical and nursing personnel with multi-point practice. Through the incentive mechanism, tertiary hospital healthcare personnel with multi-point practice qualifications will be attracted to use community health service organizations as one of their practice locations. These medical and nursing staff can guide the work of community health managers and participate in health management service programs such as chronic disease management and lifestyle intervention for the elderly population in the community, thus improving the quality of community health management services.
In conclusion, in order to realize the vitality of aging, attention needs to be paid to the management of health in old age. To sink the center of gravity of the work to the community and the family, in the community to establish a relatively independent elderly health management center, set up ? The company's website has been updated with the latest information on the latest developments in the field of healthcare. The health mutual aid group, to promote the organization? The health care model combines medical care, nursing care, and nursing care. The government should provide special financial support for health management for the elderly, increase investment, and promote the construction of relevant laws, systems, and standards; speed up the construction of information technology; and increase the development of information technology. standards; accelerate the construction of information technology, establish standardized and ****able electronic health records, and innovate a new model of intelligent health management for the elderly; build specialized service teams and promote multi-practice for medical and nursing staff to improve the quality of health management services for the elderly in the community.
;