A historian once said: "If Leonardo da Vinci's art is compared to the unfathomable depths of the sea, Michelangelo's works are the peaks of towering mountains, while Raphael's paintings are the vast plains." . This is the characteristic of three painting styles, and it also shows Michelangelo's genius.
Michelangelo was born in Florence. His architectural works are few, but they are all very creative, with high achievements and great influence. He is proud of his aristocratic background, but he loves the country, the nation and his compatriots. He has strong religious beliefs. Because of his faith, he chose to forgive his ungrateful brother when he faced unreasonable demands and squeezed hard-earned money from his family. He couldn't ignore the corruption of the church at that time. However, due to his insistence on art, he finally obeyed the authority of the Pope after the conflict with him. Because of his obsession with art, he was forced to bow to reality. Although he can't be an influencer of the reform, on the other hand, he is superior to his enemies.
1490 meters Michelangelo entered the Luoling Institute. The art school founded by Medici can enter and leave its court and is influenced by the most advanced humanistic thought.
1494, the French army invaded Italy, and the Florentines took the opportunity to launch a revolution, overthrew the ruling medici family at that time, and established a civilian republic, ruled by the religious reformer savonarola. Savonarola saw that Italy was deteriorating under the influence of wealth and declining religious beliefs, and rose up and rebelled. Before that, he strongly criticized medici family's happy life and church corruption, and warned the ruling class not to regret it.
Change, the fate of Florence will be like Babylon and Rome in the New Testament Revelation. He devoted himself to the moral revolution, attacked the Pope and supported the establishment of civilians and ideology. 1498 Saskatchewan was executed for contempt of the Pope.
Michelangelo fully sympathized with the people's uprising politically and always had "strong feelings" for Saskatchewan, but he fled Florence during the Saskatchewan uprising. After Saskatchewan was executed, Michelangelo made no comment on the death of this friend. He remained silent, but there is no denying that Michelangelo witnessed people of his time struggling for their ideals. Isn't he struggling inside? The answer is yes.
In the same year that Saskatchewan was executed, Michelangelo completed the statue of "mourning for Christ". The virgin held Jesus in her lap. She was mourning the death of her son. Jesus became flesh for the faults of the world and died on the cross. At this time, his mother should be the most sad. However, does it hurt only the beautiful Madonna? Savonarola stood up to correct the current abuses, but she was no match for corruption at that time.
But the powerful * * *. Michelangelo expressed his faith through art, and at the same time entrusted his grief for Saskatchewan.
1504, Michelangelo completed the well-known portrait of David. David was the king of Israel during its prosperity. As a teenager, he killed Goliath, the giant, and made the enemy retreat. In the past, every sculptor portrayed David as a young man who returned home in triumph, but Michelangelo's David was a muscular adult with a sling on his shoulder, turned his head and glared at the front, looking ready to fight, although
The two sides seem to have great disparity in strength and have nothing to fear. This statue also shows Michelangelo's love for the motherland. He inspired the people of Florence. Don't be afraid when a strong enemy strikes, remember David's courage and determination to defend the motherland.
1505 Pope Julius II called on Michelangelo to build a mausoleum for himself. Michelangelo spent more than half a year quarrying, even in debt. However, the Pope listened to the rumors of Michelangelo's opponents, thinking that it was ominous to build a mausoleum before his death, so he asked him to stop the project and refused to pay the money. He refused to see Michelangelo, but Michelangelo was disappointed and decided to leave, and the Pope forced him to stay. How many times?
After some tossing, Michelangelo's opponent thought that he could only carve but not draw, so he encouraged the Pope to order Michelangelo to draw the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
At that time, Michelangelo's disappointment was predictable. Finally, he was promoted from a sculptor with little status among craftsmen to an artist highly valued by the Pope. He was full of enthusiasm and ambitious to create works that could overshadow all his predecessors, but he was interrupted by the Pope's half-heartedness. Not only did he get nothing, but he was forced to do a job that he thought he was not good at! On the day he started painting, he wrote angrily: "On May 1508, I, the sculptor Michelangelo, began to paint the Sistine Chapel. 」
Michelangelo completed this huge project by himself, and in the process, it was not only health exhaustion, fatigue and troubles, but also family ties and entanglements. From the letter he wrote to his family, we can see one or two things: "(to my father) I would rather be poor and you live than have the world's gold and silver wealth and you are not alive." ..... rich or poor, be with Christ, just as I am here; Because of my misfortune, I can
I don't worry about life or honor-that is, I worry about the world, but I do live in great pain and endless doubt. I haven't had a good day in fifteen years. ""(to my brother) Because I keep you alive in the name of God, because I believe you are my brother, just like everyone else. But now I conclude that you are not my brother; Because if it were, you wouldn't threaten my father. ..... (to the third brother) I'd like to know your ingratitude ... Do you understand that you are using my money? Do you know that I have gone through all the hardships to support you? ..... When a horse runs at the fastest speed, it shouldn't be kicked again, so it can't run so fast. But you never knew me, and you don't know me now. God forgive you! It was he who gave me the grace to help you as much as possible. 」
Michelangelo completed Genesis, the ceiling painting of the Sistine Chapel, in four years. We can't imagine why artists can have such magnificent works when they are physically and mentally tortured. The painting is full of dramatic tension, and the characters are all combined and lifelike, which perfectly presents the spirit of all things created by the creator. The whole ceiling is mainly composed of nine themed paintings, with the story of the Bible Genesis as the theme. Michelangelo didn't just do it for the sake of
The Pope serves God, and he also dedicates his life and talents to God.
His architectural works are few, but they are all very creative, with high achievements and great influence. Representative works include: the Medici Temple in Florence (1521-1534), the library lobby in Laurenc (1523-1526), and the Cabido Plaza complex in Rome (1526).
The architecture designed by Michelangelo has rich layering, strong three-dimensional sense, dramatic changes in light and shadow, strong style and heroism, which is consistent with his carving and painting styles. He is also good at combining sculpture with architecture. Regardless of the structural logic of the building, the rational form of load-bearing components is often deliberately destroyed, such as embedding columns in the wall, supporting columns with thin "corbel", and breaking the forehead and mountain flowers, showing an agitated mood. Therefore, he is a pioneer of technicalism. Baroque architects also regard him as one of their mentors.
Although the construction of the Medici Temple has not been completed, judging from the completed part, its internal design is complete and compact, its composition is rigorous and harmonious, its scale is accurate, its spatial integrity is strong, and the coordination between architecture and sculpture is perfect.
The lobby of Laurentzy A Library also shows strong spatial integrity. The shape of the middle step is changeable, and the local curve treatment is in sharp contrast with the rigid straight line of the four walls. This is one of the earliest buildings to show the decorative effect of indoor step sculpture.
Cabido Square is located on the Cabido Mountain in the administrative center of Rome. It is a symmetrical trapezoid with a completely open front and climbs the mountain on a big ramp. This form is original. The main building of the square is the Senate (now part of the city hall), and its facade has been adjusted by Michelangelo to build a bell tower. On one side of the square is the archives (now the sculpture hall) and on the other side is the museum (now the painting hall). Their facade is not high, but it is vigorous and powerful. In the center of the square is the Roman emperor Marcus? The bronze statue of Olelium riding a horse is unified in the composition of the building complex by the geometric pattern of the ground. Three pairs of ancient stone statues were placed on the railing in front of the square, creating a rich landscape. The big steps in front of the Senate are also decorated with carvings. This square is a combination of architecture and sculpture, and it is one of the most beautiful squares in Rome.
The plane of the altar of St. Peter's Cathedral was modified on the basis of D. bramante's design. It turned out to be a concentrated building with short arms and a cross plane. Michelangelo died when he finished the construction of the drum platform under the dome, but he completed the model of the dome and later made it according to the model. The diameter is 41.9m, and the peak height is1.378m.. This is one of the greatest projects of mankind. The outline of the dome is full and tense, and the 12 rib reinforces this impression. The pilasters, broken eaves and niches on the drum stand create a clear rhythm, which echoes the pilasters on the altar wall. Its overall composition is complete. Unfortunately, the Pope later ordered the addition of a three-bedroom hall and a deep hall in front of it, which destroyed the integrity of the cathedral composition.
After Julius II died in 15 12, Michelangelo signed a contract to build his mausoleum. However, due to various obstacles, only the statues of Moses and four slaves were completed. Genesis in this period is his immortal work dedicated to the Pope and the world, and it is also dedicated to God. The slave image is tantamount to his naked presentation of the new world. These slaves either appeared in a dying posture or struggled to get rid of the shackles and imitate.
With a little magic, the Buddha can keep them alive; However, their legs are still attached to the stone, but they can't jump off it. Isn't this the portrayal of Michelangelo!
From 15 15 to 1527, the last period of the Renaissance, Michelangelo didn't have any works. The new Pope asked him to build the Medici Church, and the descendants of Julius II urged him to finish the mausoleum. Family also brought him a lot of trouble. All kinds of despair stifled his imagination. In his letter to a friend, he said: "The trouble has greatly affected me ... I haven't received a monthly salary for more than a year and I am struggling in poverty; I am very lonely in my troubles. How many troubles are more powerful than artistic experience! " A generation of grandmasters still wasted twelve years of their prime.
Rome was occupied by Spanish in 1527, and medici family was expelled. The news aroused the revolutionary consciousness of the people of Florence and led to the uprising. Michelangelo turned his back on his past cowardice and became the pioneer of the revolutionary party. He was even appointed as the commander of the city defense, but Florence was finally captured by the joint forces of the Pope and the German army. The Pope ordered Michelangelo to continue the work of the Medici Church. Michelangelo turned from opposing medici family to his work.
It is not difficult to imagine his complicated mood and contradictory pain, and his artistic style has since turned gloomy and tragic. Did he give in? Don't! He fought his mortal enemy with immortal works.
1534 Completed the carving work of Medici Church, including Giuliano. Medici and Luo Lingsuo. Medici and four nude sculptures of men and women named Sun, Night, Morning and Faint. He used these works to express his worries about the fate of the motherland and his feelings of grief and indignation, which were regarded as "a mirror of Italy" by researchers at that time. Among them, the nude image of "night" is the most prominent. She lowered her head, supported her head with her right hand, and there was a mask of consternation under her left arm, which symbolized a nightmare. There is an owl under her bent left leg. Although she fell asleep, she was still beautiful, and her muscles looked elastic, as if she would wake up at any time. generate showed great vitality, just like her motherland. Why do these statues need to be named Sun, Night, Morning and Faint? Even for medici family, who has the right to be rich, the god of fate will not care more; The distance between life and death is only a moment. Life is only a short day in eternity!
By this time, Michelangelo had lost his health, energy and confidence, and his father and one of his favorite younger brothers also died. Nothing in the world can make him want to stay. After these tired years, the only thing that can comfort the lonely old man is friendship. He admired Gavalli's beauty, speech and noble character; 1535 He knows Victoria. They met in the church.
Chatting and exchanging sonnets at the meeting, this woman who is in favor of religious reform and as strong and timid as Michelangelo opened the door of artistic belief. 154 1 year, Michelangelo completed the altar painting "The Last Judgment" of the Sistine Chapel, depicting that when the end of the world came, all the people were judged before Christ, and good people ascended to heaven with Jesus and the apostles. This is Michelangelo's accusation at the end of his life after decades of unfair treatment. He has suffered all his life, just like Christ, but he believes that the day of judgment will come and everyone must pay his debts to God.
Victoria died on 1947. Then Michelangelo carved three statues in memory of Christ. He continued to carve, not because of his faith in art, but because of his faith in Christ, but because his interest and spirit must be created. His last sculpture, Rondani's Mourning for Christ, shows that he has become indifferent to art ... he doesn't pay attention to human beauty as before. The statue has a rough outline and looks like a naked soul. The object of creation is no longer seen by the world, but God.