The National Stadium is situated on the gently sloping land in the central area of the Olympic Park, and the design of the stadium is just like a container, the undulating and changing appearance of the highland area moderates the sense of the building's volume and gives it a dramatic and shocking shape. The image of the National Stadium is perfectly pure, the fa?ade is the structure of the building, and the fa?ade and the structure are in perfect unity. The components of the structure support each other to form a network, like a bird's nest woven with branches. The spatial effect of the stadium is unprecedentedly original, yet simple and elegant, and it establishes a unique and historic landmark for the 2008 Olympic Games. The stadium is like a huge container, no matter close up or far away, it will leave a distinctive and indelible image, which fully meets the functional and technical needs of the national stadium, and is different from the general stadium building with large span structure and digital screen as the main design approach. The spatial effect of the stadium is unprecedentedly original, yet simple and elegant. From here, one can navigate the entire dynamic of the area including the staircase leading to the stands. The stadium concourse, an indoor urban space with restaurants and stores, acts as a commercial arcade or plaza, drawing people in.
Basics of the Bird's Nest
The stadium's shell is made of an air cushion membrane that can be used as an infill, making the roof completely waterproof and allowing sunlight to pass through the transparent roof to meet the needs of the indoor lawn. During the games, the stands can be changed in many ways to meet the requirements of different audiences at different times. 20,000 temporary seats are distributed at the top of the stadium during the Olympic Games, and everyone can have a clear view of the entire stadium. Entrances, exits and crowd flow were perfectly addressed through the rational division and design of the flow areas.
"Bird's Nest" structure
Basic materials
"Bird's Nest" structure mainly consists of huge portal steel frame, *** there are 24 truss columns, 20 truss columns and 2 lower columns have been completed. Now 20 whole columns and 2 lower columns of truss columns have been completed. The top surface of the National Stadium building is saddle-shaped, with a long axis of 332.3 meters and a short axis of 296.4 meters, the height of the highest point of 68.5 meters and the height of the lowest point of 42.8 meters.
Changes to the design
While keeping the architectural style of the Bird's Nest unchanged, the new design makes substantial adjustments and optimizations to the structural layout, the form of the building sections, and the utilization of materials. The open roof in the original design scheme was canceled, the roof opening was enlarged, and the amount of steel used was greatly reduced through the optimization of the steel structure. The large-span roof is supported on 24 truss columns with a column spacing of 37.96 meters. The main trusses are arranged radially around the opening in the center of the roof, with 22 bays of main trusses running straight or nearly straight. In order to avoid overly complex nodes, a small number of main trusses are truncated near the inner ring. The steel structure adopts a large number of box-shaped members welded by steel plates, and the cross-layout of the main trusses, together with the secondary structure of the roof and fa?ade, form the special architectural shape of the "Bird's Nest". The main grandstand part adopts reinforced concrete frame and shear wall structure system, which is completely separated from the large-span steel structure.
The use of Q460 steel
When it comes to Q460 steel, most people probably don't know. The "Bird's Nest" structural design is strange and novel, and the Q460 used to build its steel structure has many unique features: Q460 is a low-alloy high-strength steel, which will deform plastically only when its stress strength reaches 460 MPa, which is greater than that of ordinary steel, and therefore very difficult to produce. This is the first time that Q460 specification steel is used in the building structure in China; and the thickness of the steel plate used this time reaches 110 millimeters, which is unprecedented, and in the national standard, the maximum thickness of Q460 is only 100 millimeters. Previously, this steel is generally imported from Luxembourg, South Korea, Japan. In order to give the "bird's nest" to provide "fit" Q460, from September 2004 onwards, Henan Dangang Special Steel Plant researchers began a long period of more than half a year of scientific and technological research, before and after the 3 times the trial production finally succeeded. Now, for the "Bird's Nest" prepared Q460 steel has begun mass production. 2008, 400 tons of independent innovation, with intellectual property rights of domestic Q460 steel, will hold up the "Bird's Nest" of the iron and steel.
Special structure
In addition, the lifting of the main truss of the inner ring of the roof and the installation of the sub-structure of the fa?ade have been in full swing. The steel used in the steel structure of the "Bird's Nest" is up to 11 centimeters thick, which has never been produced in China before. In addition, a layer of semi-transparent membrane will be affixed to the outer surface of the net frame structure on the top of the "Bird's Nest". After the use of this membrane, the light inside the stadium is not direct, but through the diffuse reflection, so that the light is softer, the resulting diffuse light can also solve the problem of maintaining the lawn, but also for the seats of the function of wind and rain. The sliding open roof is an essential part of the stadium structure. When closed, the stadium becomes an indoor arena. Like the lid of a container, the roof is an essential part of the building whether it is closed or open. With the exception of some specific structural needs, the structure of an openable roof is also essentially a web-like architecture that, when fitted with an inflatable cushion, becomes a watertight shell.
More ingenious is that the "Bird's Nest" the entire stadium outdoor terrain slightly elevated, many of the ancillary facilities will be placed under the terrain, so as to avoid the huge investment consumed by the excavation of the earth, and elevated slopes in the outdoor plaza of the edge of the slow landing, according to the situation into the warm-up site of the 2,000 open-air seats, and the organic integration of the surrounding environment, and again saving The 2,000 outdoor seats in the warm-up area blend in with the surroundings and again save on investment.
Symbolism of the Bird's Nest
Many people who have seen the design model of the Bird's Nest have described it as a cozy bird's nest, a 100,000-capacity stadium woven together with a branch-like steel mesh! The "nest" is used to nurture and care for life, and holds the hope of mankind for the future.
The components of the entire stadium structure support each other to form a grid-like framework that looks like a bird's nest made of tree branches, with a gray mineral-like steel mesh covered by a transparent membrane that contains an earthy red bowl-shaped stadium grandstand. Here, the traditional Chinese culture of hollowing, ceramic patterns, and the splendor and fervor of the color red blend seamlessly with the most advanced modern steel design.
The whole building is linked by a giant mesh structure without a single column inside, and the grandstand is a complete unobstructed bowl shape, like a huge container, giving the stadium incredible drama and unrivaled shock power. This even and continuous ring will also give spectators optimal visibility, driving their excitement and inspiring athletes to sprint faster, higher and stronger. Here, people, truly, are given center stage.
Bird's Nest construction process
Imaginatively known as the "Bird's Nest" of the birth of the National Stadium and the construction of so far has gone through four years of wind and rain, during which experienced a program, choose the address, controversy, stop construction and many other hot spots, but all of these, will not affect the world's largest monolithic steel structure project to become an iconic landmark in Beijing. The steel structure project has become a landmark building in Beijing. On March 31, 2002, the National Stadium launched an open call for planning and design proposals from all over the world, and on July 2, 2002, 89 planning and design proposals were received. in October 2002, the Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games announced the pre-qualification and intention of the Olympic project to the world. At the beginning of the following year, five qualified applicants for the National Stadium project were identified to enter the second phase of the project legal person tender. 2003 April, the "Bird's Nest" program designed by Herzog & de Meuron, Arup and the China Academy of Architectural Research design consortium***, was finally selected. December 24, 2003 at 9:15 am "Bird's Nest" groundbreaking. 2004 July, in order to further realize the "frugal Olympic Games", "Bird's Nest" temporary suspension of construction. On December 28, 2004, after careful design and reassessment of experts, the National Stadium project officially resumed, since then, the project entered a period of high-speed progress. The concrete structure of the internal grandstand was completed in October last year, and on November 15, 2005, the structure of the National Stadium was topped out ahead of schedule. The main task of this year is to complete the external steel structure, and the renovation work will start in 2007. The whole project is expected to be fully completed by the end of 2007.
Beijing Olympic Games opening ignition program is initially determined will be with the "Bird's Nest" TianHenJinJin
From the Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games was informed that the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympic Games ignition program has been initially determined, the opening ceremony will be with the "Bird's Nest" TianHenJinJin.
Beijing Olympic Games opening and closing ceremonies director Zhang Yimou said, for an Olympic Games, a successful opening ceremony means that half of the success of the Games. And for an Olympic Games opening ceremony, a successful ignition ceremony means that the opening ceremony is half successful. Zhang Yimou revealed that the opening ceremony of the ignition program has been initially determined, as the top secret, only 10 people know the program. It is reported that the design of the ignition ceremony is put forward by the creative team, the need for a level to the higher levels of approval, has been reported to the International Olympic Committee for approval.
Zhang Yimou said the 2004 Athens Olympics incorporated modern technology well into the opening ceremony. As for the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Zhang Yimou said he would make full use of the Bird's Nest Stadium, which has an artistic atmosphere, to adapt to the local conditions and utilize the possibilities of the venue, so that the opening and closing ceremonies of the Beijing Olympics and the Bird's Nest will be integrated into the performance. The Bird's Nest Stadium is like the auspicious clouds on the torch, it is wonderful. It is a master-planned stadium, and we can't just do whatever we want like we did in the old stadium. We have to conceptualize the stadium according to the characteristics of the Bird's Nest, and we have to do it in a way that is "unity of heaven and mankind".
It is reported that the opening and closing ceremonies work team *** divided into three parts, there are 300 people. Preparations for the opening and closing ceremonies of the Beijing Olympic Games are carried out in the Beijing Olympic Games opening and closing ceremonies operations center.
91,000 spectators, everyone "equal" to "see" the game
Long 340 meters, 300 meters wide "Bird's Nest" inside the columns, but a series of radial portal steel trusses. Instead, a series of radial portal steel trusses surrounds the
"Bird's Nest" embodies humanistic care
Bowl-shaped seats. These seats surround the closing structure of the stadium, staggered between the upper and lower levels, no matter where the audience sits, and the center of the stadium and the line of sight between the distance between the center point are about 140 meters.
"Bird's Nest" of the lower membrane using acoustic membrane materials, steel structural components set on the sound-absorbing materials, as well as the use of electro-acoustic sound reinforcement system, the three layers of "special devices" so that "nest "
The voice clarity index index reached 0.6 - this figure ensures that the audience sitting in any position can clearly listen to the broadcast.
The designers of the Bird's Nest also used hydrodynamic design to simulate the natural ventilation of 91,000 people watching the games at the same time, so that all spectators can enjoy the same natural light and natural ventilation.
The Bird's Nest also features more than 200 wheelchair accessible seats for people with disabilities. These wheelchair seats are slightly higher than the regular seats to ensure that the disabled have the same view as the general audience. Hearing aids and a wireless broadcasting system will also be available to provide personalized service to the hearing and visually impaired.
The smallest details show humanistic care
It is reported that the length of the athlete's passage, the closet of the athlete's lounge, the male-female ratio of the spectator's toilet pit, and the distribution of the water diversion point in the media work room, etc. have all become the topic of study of the relevant departments.
"Whether it is the design and construction or interior decoration, all our starting point is people-oriented, subject to the feelings of the athletes, to the audience's senses, to measure the requirements of journalists." This is a goal of all the designers and builders of the Bird's Nest.
Appearance design is people-oriented
In addition to the above facilities in the "nest", even the appearance of the "bird's nest" design, also fully embodies the idea of people-oriented. The reason why the "bird's nest" is not completely closed "bird's nest", because such a design can not only make the natural air circulation, but also for the audience and athletes shelter from the wind and rain. (Fan Fan)
Olympic "Bird's Nest" witnessed China's bosom
"Bird's Nest", the great architectural work known as "the fourth generation of stadiums", witnessed not only the human 21st century in the construction of the building, but also the development of the "Bird's Nest", the "Bird's Nest" is the first of its kind. This great architectural work, known as the "fourth generation stadium", is not only a witness to the unremitting pursuit of mankind in the 21st century in the field of architecture and human habitat, but also a witness to the historical process of China, an ancient oriental civilization, which is constantly moving towards openness.
On October 25, 2002, authorized by the Beijing Municipal People's Government and the Organizing Committee of the Games of the XXIX Olympiad, the Beijing Municipal Commission of Planning launched a global call for architectural conceptual design proposals for the National Stadium of China (NSC), the main stadium of the Olympic Games of 2008, which is the largest stadium in China.
The National Stadium is the first Beijing Olympic stadium facility to enter the architectural design process. According to the Beijing Municipal Planning Commission, the architectural concept design competition for the National Stadium is divided into two phases: the first phase is pre-qualification; the second phase is the official competition. As of November 20, 2002, the competition office **** received valid pre-qualification documents from 44 famous design units. After strict pre-qualification, 14 design units were finally determined to enter the formal program competition, and they came from China, the United States, France, Italy, Germany, Australia, Japan, Canada, Switzerland, Mexico and other countries and regions.
The Olympic Games not only attracts the world's greatest athletes to create the best results, but also attracts the world's greatest architects to create the greatest works, including the world's highest award for architectural design -- "Pritzker Prize" winners, including Many of the world's most powerful design teams and talented designers participated in the competition, and on March 18th, 2003, 13 famous architectural firms and design consortiums with rich experience from all over the world finally participated in the competition and sent their magnificent concepts of China's National Stadium to Beijing. 13 design proposals, of which 2 are domestic, 8 are foreign, and 3 are Chinese and foreign cooperative.
In the subsequent evaluation of the proposals, the evaluation committee composed of 13 authorities, including Guan Zhaoye, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and Koolhaas, an architect from the Netherlands, strictly evaluated the entries, repeatedly compared them and carefully screened them, and after two rounds of secret balloting, elected three outstanding proposals, which were the "Bird's Nest" designed by the consortium of the Swiss firms Herzog & de Meuron and the China Academy of Architectural Design and Research (CAADR). The "Bird's Nest" designed by Herzog & de Meuron (Switzerland) in collaboration with China Academy of Architectural Design (CAAD), the "Floating Open Roof" independently designed by Beijing Academy of Architectural Design (CAAD), the "Sky Stadium" designed by Sato Sogo (Japan) in collaboration with Tsinghua University (China). Ltd. and Tsinghua University Architectural Design and Research Institute, China, "Sky Stadium".
On this basis, the jury overwhelmingly selected the "Bird's Nest" proposal as the key recommended implementation plan. In the discussion of the "Bird's Nest" program, **** 8 votes in favor, 2 votes against, 2 abstentions, 1 nullified. In the international architectural competition, a program can get so many **** knowledge, should be rare.
In order to solicit public opinion, the competition organizers will be all 13 designs on public display at the Beijing International Convention Center. The exhibition lasted six days and collected more than 6,000 votes from the audience. Among them, the "Bird's Nest" program, which was recommended by the Chinese and foreign judges, received 3,506 votes, the "floating open roof" received 3,472 votes, and the "Sky Stadium" received 3,454 votes, ranking the top three. The "Bird's Nest" was ranked in the top three. "The Bird's Nest came in first, showing a considerable degree of agreement between the audience and the jury.
After careful study by the decision-making authorities, the "Bird's Nest" was finalized as the main stadium for the 2008 Beijing Olympics - the final implementation plan for China's National Stadium.
Satisfying Olympic needs and emphasizing "post-Olympic development"
Not only should the historic building be constructed, but also the concept of organizing the Olympic Games in a frugal manner, laying the foundation for the implementation of "post-Olympic development"
The "Bird's Nest" has been selected as the main stadium of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the China National Stadium. "
Many people who have seen the design model of the Bird's Nest have described it as a cozy bird's nest woven into a 100,000-person stadium with a branch-like steel mesh! The "nest", which is used to nurture and care for life, holds the hope of mankind for the future.
Indeed, the components of the stadium's structure support each other to form a grid-like framework that looks like a bird's nest made of tree branches, with a gray mineral-like steel mesh covered by a transparent membrane that contains an earthy-red bowl-shaped stadium grandstand. Here, the traditional Chinese culture of hollowing, ceramic patterns, and the splendor and warmth of the color red blend perfectly with the most advanced modern steel design.
Amazingly, the entire building is linked by a giant mesh structure without a single column inside, and the grandstand is a complete unobstructed bowl shape, like a huge container, giving the stadium incredible drama and unparalleled shock value. This even and continuous ring will also give spectators optimal visibility, driving their excitement and inspiring athletes to sprint faster, higher and stronger. Here, people, truly, are given center stage.
More ingenious is that the "Bird's Nest" to the entire stadium outdoor terrain slightly elevated, many ancillary facilities placed under the terrain, which avoids the huge investment consumed by the excavation of the earth, and elevated slopes in the outdoor plaza of the edge of the slow landing, according to the situation of the 2,000 open-air seats into the warm-up area, and the organic integration of the surrounding environment, and again saving The 2,000 outdoor seats in the warm-up area blend in with the surrounding environment, and again, the investment has been saved.
Guan Zhaoye, chairman of the jury and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, commented that there is no unnecessary treatment of the building, everything is created by its function, and the form of the building is naturally unified with the details of the structure.
The jury and many other architectural experts agreed that the Bird's Nest will not only be a unique and historic landmark for the 2008 Olympic Games, but will also be of pioneering significance in the history of world architectural development, and will provide historical testimony to the architectural development of China and the world in the 21st century.
Design and build the "Bird's Nest" is not easy, to make the "Bird's Nest" in the coming days full of vitality and vigor is not easy. According to reports, "Bird's Nest" at the beginning of the design and deepen the design process, has been running through the concept of thrifty Olympic and sustainable development, in order to meet the Olympic function under the premise of the use of facilities, give full consideration to the balance of permanent facilities and temporary facilities. In accordance with the requirements of the "Bird's Nest" *** set up 100,000 seats, of which 80,000 are permanent, the other 20,000 is a temporary increase during the Olympic Games.
On this basis, the design will be "Bird's Nest" function and the surrounding area later positioning and even the whole city's medium- and long-term development plan to consider. According to the established planning scheme, "Bird's Nest" is located in the central area of the Olympic Park will become a collection of sports competitions, conferences and exhibitions, culture and entertainment, business and leisure shopping in one of the citizen's public **** activity center. As the main stadium of the Beijing Olympic Games, "Bird's Nest" will become one of the landmarks of Beijing, in a fairly long period of time, will also become a hot spot for tourism. At the same time, "Bird's Nest" in the design and construction, but also in the site and space of the multi-functional up and down a lot of effort to improve the efficiency of the utilization of venues, in addition to be able to undertake the opening, closing and sports competitions, but also to meet the fitness, business, exhibitions, performances, and other needs for the successful implementation of the "post-Olympic Games Development "Lay a solid foundation.
In the exploration to speed up the system and mechanism innovation
-use of government guidance, market-oriented mode of operation, promote the Olympic "bird's nest" hatch industry "golden eggs "
As a social welfare project, the construction of sports venues in the past is generally invested by the government, the competent authorities to operate, losses are subsidized by the financial. This has led to many sports facilities after the completion of the government's financial subsidies often become a long-term "burden" can not get rid of.
Beijing is determined to "change its mind". In the face of the largest ever stadium construction, Beijing to the market economy way of thinking, in the reference to foreign advanced experience on the basis of accelerating institutional innovation and mechanism innovation, and actively explore the "government-led, market-oriented operation" of the Olympic project construction and operation mode of operation.
According to the plan, the Beijing Municipality is responsible for the venues and ancillary facilities project, will use the market mechanism to finance the construction, through the public bidding to determine the project legal person, the project legal person responsible for the financing, design, construction and operation of the project. In the words of a Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee professional, it is "Olympic 'bird's nest' to hatch industry 'golden egg'".
The first one to be built is, of course, the main stadium, which will hold the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2008 Olympic Games and can accommodate 100,000 spectators. In-depth research, careful analysis, based on scientific calculations, Beijing will invest in its construction in two parts: the Beijing Municipal Government to contribute 58% of the authorization of the Beijing Municipal State-owned Assets Management Limited Liability Company as the representative of the capital; the other part of the investment is through global bidding, by the eventual winner of the project's legal entity partners to contribute.
Considering the large amount of investment in the National Stadium and the high cost of post-game operation, Beijing has offered favorable conditions to attract investors. In addition to the 58% investment by the State-owned Assets Management Company on behalf of the government, Beijing has also given preferential policies on land transfer, demolition and relocation.
On Oct. 28, 2002, Beijing put on sale to the world pre-qualification and intention solicitation documents for the Olympic project, marking the official start of the bidding work for the project legal person of the National Stadium; from Jan. to Feb. 2003, the evaluation committee composed of Chinese and foreign experts assessed the bidding qualifications of the bidding applicants, the conception of the construction program, the idea of the financing plan, and the intention of the operation program, and identified 5 In July 2003, after comprehensive evaluation of the optimized design, construction, financing, operation and transfer submitted by the bidders, two winning candidates were recommended; subsequently, after negotiation and reporting to the relevant departments for approval, the winning bidder of the project's legal partner was finally determined.
On the morning of August 9, 2003, the signing ceremony for the legal partner of the National Stadium project was held, and the consortium represented by China CITIC Group Corporation finally became the winner of the bidding for the legal partner of the National Stadium project. Members of this consortium include Beijing Urban Construction Group Co., Ltd, Golden State Holding Group Co. of the United States, and Guoan Yueqiang Co. The winning consortium and the Beijing Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Corporation (SASAC)*** together to form the project company, which will be granted the right to operate the National Stadium for 30 years after the 2008 Olympic Games. The state-owned company will not participate in dividends for 30 years, and will recover the intact stadium after the operation period. Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games information provided by the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, up to now, the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, the main venues and related facilities project legal person bidding work has been successfully completed, complete the project legal person bidding work of the National Stadium and other six projects, with a total investment of about 20.5 billion yuan, of which 85% that is, 17.4 billion yuan of funds through the project legal person bidding, the use of market mechanisms for financing to complete.
Let's look forward to the summer of 2008, in the "Bird's Nest" - the majestic China National Stadium, the world and China *** with the dance!
Fuwa information: Fuwa is the mascot of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008, whose colors and inspiration come from the five Olympic rings, from China's vast mountains and rivers, rivers and lakes, and people's favorite animal images. Fuwa conveys to children around the world the spirit of friendship, peace, and positivity as well as the wish for harmony between human beings and nature.
The Fuwa are five cute and close friends, whose shapes incorporate the images of fish, giant panda, Tibetan antelope, swallows and the Olympic flame.
Each doll has a catchy name: "Bei Bei," "Jing Jing," "Huan Huan," "Ying Ying," and "Ni Ni". "Beibei," "Jingjing," "Huanhuan," "Yingying," and "Nini," and in China, hyphenated names are a traditional way of expressing affection for a child. When the names of the five dolls are linked together, you can read Beijing's warm invitation to the world, "Beijing welcomes you".
The Fuwa represent dreams and the aspirations of the Chinese people. Their prototypes and headdresses imply their connection to the sea, forest, fire, earth and sky, and their image design applies traditional Chinese artistic expressions to show China's splendid culture.
Bringing blessings to all corners of the world
For a long time, China has had a tradition of conveying blessings through symbols. Each doll of the Beijing Olympic mascot represents a good wish: prosperity, joy, passion, health and good luck. The dolls carry Beijing's hospitality and blessings to all corners of the world, inviting people from all over the world*** to gather in Beijing to celebrate the 2008 Olympic extravaganza.
The blessing that Bebe delivers is prosperity. In traditional Chinese culture and art, the patterns of "fish" and "water" are symbols of prosperity and harvest, and people use "carp jumping over the Dragon Gate" to symbolize success in business and the realization of dreams. Fish" also has the connotation of "good luck" and "good fortune".
The head of Bei Bei is decorated with a Chinese Neolithic fish pattern. Bei Bei is gentle and pure, a master of water sports, and the blue ring in the five Olympic rings reflect each other.
Jingjing is a naive giant panda who brings joy to people wherever he goes. As China's national treasures, pandas are loved by people all over the world.
Jingjing comes from the vast forest, symbolizing the harmonious ****existence of man and nature. His head motif is derived from the lotus petal shape on Song porcelain. Jingjing is simple, optimistic and full of strength, representing the black ring of the five Olympic rings.
Huanhuan is the big brother of Fuwa. He is a fire doll, symbolizing the Olympic flame. Huanhuan is the embodiment of sports passion, he will spread the passion of the world, to convey the Olympic spirit of faster, higher, stronger. Wherever Huanhuan goes, he spreads the passion of Beijing 2008 to the world.
Huanhuan's head motif is inspired by the flames in Dunhuang murals. Huanhuan is an outgoing person who is familiar with all kinds of ball sports and represents the red ring of the five Olympic rings.
YingYing is a nimble and agile Tibetan antelope that comes from the vast western part of China to spread the blessing of good health to the world. Welcome is a Tibetan antelope, a protected animal unique to the Tibetan Plateau, and a manifestation of the Green Olympics.
YingYing's head is decorated with the decorative styles of the Tibetan Plateau and the western region of Xinjiang. He is agile and a good track and field athlete, representing the yellow ring of the five Olympic rings.
NiNi comes from the sky, a swallow with wings spreading and flying, and its shape is inspired by the traditional Beijing sand swallow kite. The name "Yan" also stands for Yanjing (the ancient name for Beijing). Nini brings spring and joy to people, and sows good wishes of "good luck" wherever she flies.
The innocent, joyful and agile Nini will make her debut in the gymnastics competition, representing the green ring of the five Olympic rings.
Construction Update
On January 28, 2008, all 80,000 permanent seats were installed in the Bird's Nest of the National Stadium. At the same time, the installation and commissioning of the Bird's Nest is nearing completion.
According to the person in charge of the seat part of the introduction, the "Bird's Nest" of the fixed seat has six highlights: first, its appearance using a teardrop-shaped dynamic and smooth lines; second, all the corners of the seat are rounded transition, and the surface of the use of light texture of the leather pattern of the matte design; third, the seat is made of modified polypropylene raw materials, after hollow blow molding Third, the seat is made of modified polypropylene raw materials, through the hollow blow molding production process, bending strength, impact strength is very high; Fourth, the seat conforms to the principle of ergonomics, avoiding the audience fatigue due to long time watching the game; Fifth, the seat in the outdoor by the wind and sun for three years, the color will not change, and will not harden and become brittle; Sixth, the discarded seat can also be recycled and reused, the environment is not polluted.
In addition, in the evening of the 28th, "Bird's Nest" steel structure lighting for the first time "light". According to reports, the "Bird's Nest" cost control within 3.5 billion yuan.
In response to some foreign media reports that 10 people died in accidents at the Bird's Nest construction site, Ding Zhenkuan, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Safety Supervision, recently explained that during the construction of the Bird's Nest, one accident occurred in 2006 and one in 2007, killing two people. An accident occurred in 2006 and 2007, *** death of two people, the families of the deceased have now been properly placed, the relevant responsible person has been dealt with.