Is smoking cool? Why do people like it?

The custom of smoking began after Columbus discovered the New World, and its history is only a few hundred years now, but in countries around the world, the number of people who smoke and the number of cigarettes smoked are increasing at an incredible rate, far exceeding the number of people who drink. Formation of the smoking habit: edit Mainly the influence of the external environment: 1. Curiosity. For most of the teenagers who smoke, the beginning is just out of curiosity, often heard people say: "a cigarette after dinner, happy as a god", they want to personally go to the physical examination of the taste. 2. Imitation. Cigarettes have a variety of symbolic role, many great men in history are smokers, such as Churchill's cigar, Stalin's big pipe, Mao Zedong's smoking habits, these great men image of many teenagers to imitate. In addition, the influence of adults or peers, smokers that kind of dashing, relaxed and comfortable demeanor of young people have a great temptation or force, attracting young people to imitate. 3. The need for socializing. In China, smoking has become a means of socializing. Smoking is often a prelude to socializing, which can shorten the psychological distance between people. Mutual cigarette toast can communicate feelings, produce psychological proximity, conducive to the solution of the problem. Many people start purely because of social interaction, before doing business, the first to each other on a, and then for their own point on a; others give you a cigarette, do not accept and seem impolite. With the increase of this "courtesy", slowly by smoking a cigarette half a day uncomfortable to half a day without smoking uncomfortable, finally joined the ranks of smokers. 4, sadness. There are many people in the work, study, life after the setback, they will borrow smoking to relieve their tension, eliminate all the worries. 5, refreshing. Smoking addiction, people find that the smoke has a certain role in excitement, and physical addiction makes smoking a habit and enjoyment, many smoking addicts do not smoke on the spirit, and a smoke, on the spirit of renewed, open mind. 6, show their maturity. In the eyes of many teenagers, smoking is a sign of manhood, a sign of maturity. In order to prove that they are no longer children, and choose to smoke this way. Characteristics of smokers: edit 1. The number of cigarettes smoked is increasing. From a few sticks a day to a pack, two packs, two packs or more there are even sitting there smoking, can not put out the fire, one after another uninterruptedly. 2, once not smoking will produce a negative reaction. Such as stumbling, yawning, tears, depressed, fidgety and so on. 3. Outgoing and impulsive. Have a good relationship, group, like adventure, act rashly, impulsive, easy to lose temper, poor emotional control and other personality characteristics. 4, hobbies. The survey shows that 71% of the people at the same time also accompanied by other hobbies, such as drinking strong tea, drinking alcohol, drinking coffee and so on. Hazards of smoking: Editorial Smoking has a certain social nature, and has a certain social function in socializing, but at the same time, it may induce a variety of diseases, which is extremely harmful to individual health. According to the World Health Organization survey, in industrially developed countries, a quarter of the cancer, smoking accounted for 90%; death from bronchitis, smoking accounted for 75%; death from myocardial infarction, smoking accounted for 25%. Smoking not only to their own harm, but also the children, some scholars on the 5200 pregnant women to investigate and analyze, the results found that the number of their husbands smoke every day with the prenatal mortality rate of the fetus and congenital malformations of the birth rate is proportional to the number of children. If the father does not smoke, the rate of congenital malformations in children is 0.8%; if the father smokes 1-10 cigarettes a day, the rate is 1.4%; if he smokes more than 10 cigarettes a day, the rate is 2.1%. The number of cigarettes smoked by the pregnant woman herself also has a direct impact on the infant's mortality rate before and after birth. For example, the risk of infant mortality is 20% for those who smoke less than a pack a day and 35% for those who smoke more than a pack a day. Also smoking as an addictive behavior has certain mental health issues. Men: Nicotine in tobacco has the effect of inhibiting the secretion of sex hormones and killing sperm. Meanwhile, tobacco toxins can hinder the combination of sperm and egg, greatly reducing a woman's chances of conception. Women: Tobacco is more likely to affect the physiology, there will be menstrual disorders, miscarriages, early menopause and other symptoms, and make the postmenopausal osteoporosis symptoms more serious. Now the world recognizes that smoking is one of the most dangerous factors for lung cancer. A large number of studies have proved that the incidence rate of lung cancer in smokers is 20-25 times higher than that of ordinary people, and it is positively correlated with the amount of smoking and the length of smoking time. The smoke from burning cigarettes contains more than thousands of chemical substances, among which 3,4-benzopyrene, nicotine, tar and other carcinogenic substances have been identified. In addition, the radioactive elements polonium-210, carbon-14 and arsenic and nickel are also carcinogenic. By reducing the tar content or adding filters to make changes in the carcinogenic components of tobacco, the histological type of lung cancer can also be changed, more proof that smoking is closely related to the occurrence of lung cancer. When nicotine is inhaled into the human body, it will have adverse effects on the heart and blood vessels and other tissues, so that the sympathetic nerves are abnormally excited, which causes blood vessel contraction, and the heart has to speed up its action, and then the blood pressure also rises. Some scholars have made such a report, only one or two cigarettes will make the blood pressure index changes, then if you smoke dozens of packs of cigarettes in a year, so that decades of accumulation, will certainly have adverse effects. The earlier a person starts smoking, the greater the chance of disease. Survey results show that people who learn to smoke in their teens are more likely to develop cancer than those who start smoking in their twenties, and the proportion of people who suffer from atherosclerosis, heart disease, and other diseases is also much higher. In addition, there is also a close relationship between the chance of developing diseases and smoking cigarettes. According to the American research report, in the mortality rate of myocardial infarction and coronary arteriosclerosis, smokers are higher than non-smokers. Smoking cessation methods: Editorial As smoking has a great impact on the physical and mental health of individuals and the environment, it should be emphasized that there are many therapies for smoking cessation, and the following is an introduction to some of the main methods of smoking cessation. 1. Cognitive therapy. To help patients fully recognize the harm of smoking to themselves and others, and to build up the determination and confidence to quit smoking, do not think that you can't quit because of your long history of smoking and must think: I will succeed. How steel is made" book has described: once Paul Kochagin and his companions to talk about the problem of smoking cessation, others think he is bragging, simply can not be done, he said: "people should dominate the habit, and can not let the habit to dominate the people ......". Then he took the cigarette off his mouth and crushed it, and claimed, "I will never smoke again". From then on, he really quit smoking. In daily life, there are many people who are addicted to cigarettes, many times to quit smoking are unsuccessful, and then got a disease that is not suitable for smoking, after making up their minds or quit. 2、Aversion therapy. Smoking behavior of smokers can choose some negative stimulation methods to make it produce a sense of aversion. For example, the use of fast smoking method, first of all, let the patient to a mouthful of speed per second deep inhalation of smoke into the lungs, because this speed far beyond the normal speed of smoking, so that the nicotine in a short period of time was a large number of inhalation, then the patient will produce a strong physiological reaction, such as dizziness, nausea, tachycardia, etc. Then ask the patient to experience this bad feeling. The patient is then asked to experience this bad feeling well and then allowed to breathe fresh air for a while, which contrasts sharply with the two. The patient is then asked to smoke quickly again until he does not want to smoke any more and the sight of cigarettes makes him uncomfortable. This therapy is usually enough to quit smoking if it is performed 2-3 times in a row. Note that this method can not be used for people suffering from heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, bronchitis, emphysema and other diseases. 3、Systematic smoking cessation method. It is difficult to ask smokers to quit smoking all at once, especially for those who are addicted to cigarettes, which is even more unrealistic. Therefore, a step-by-step approach should be taken to quit smoking. Addicted smokers often smoke subconsciously, so before quitting, it is important to develop a smoking cessation program, calculate the number of cigarettes smoked each day, how long each cigarette is smoked, and change the subconscious smoking habit into conscious smoking. In the process of smoking cessation, to gradually reduce the number of cigarettes smoked per day, gradually extend the smoking interval, such as two days to reduce a cigarette, one day to reduce a cigarette, half a day to reduce a cigarette, so that constantly decreasing; an hour to smoke a cigarette, two hours to smoke a cigarette, half a day to smoke a cigarette, the interval time is constantly increasing, and finally achieve the purpose of quitting smoking. 4, control the environment. Many people tend to smoke with a certain life, environment, emotional state associated with, and therefore should try to avoid the influence of these factors. For example, you like to write or think about the problem of a cigarette, then you can consciously put a little less smoke around, or put some melon candy and other snacks to replace cigarettes. Once the U.S. President - Reagan is the use of chewing gum to successfully quit smoking. You should also try to avoid external stimuli to smoke. When other people to offer cigarettes, to the first time to meet people can say will not smoke, to acquaintances and friends can say that the throat is uncomfortable or bluntly said to have quit smoking. As long as the attitude is sincere and resolute, other people generally will not be forced to offer cigarettes. 5. Family therapy. Wives and children can be the supervisors of quitters to help smokers quit completely. For example, the wife can save up the money of her husband's original daily smoking and buy a meaningful item to give him as a reward. If he violates the rules, he will be given a certain punishment. 6. Dietary treatment. Smoking cessation candy or tea can be given to quit smoking to help quit smoking. Reasons for a cigarette addiction The first cigarette is enough to make some people addicted to nicotine and to make some people disgusted with nicotine. Canadian researchers found the reason for this difference in a specific area of the white rat brain. Dr. Laviolette and colleagues at the University of Western Ontario in Canada experimented on white rats. They found that specialized receptors for dopamine in the nucleus accumbens core and shell of the brain's reward pathway determine the white rats' response to nicotine. Injecting drugs to inhibit two types of dopamine receptors, d-1 and d-2, the mice responded positively and pleasurably to nicotine stimulation. This process can be reversed, leaving white mice averse to nicotine.