The Moon rotates in a counterclockwise direction from west to east, and at the same time revolves around the Earth in a counterclockwise direction. Due to "tidal locking", the period of one week of the Moon's rotation is equal to the period of one week of its revolution around the Earth, which is about 28 Earth days. This results in a state where the Moon is always facing the Earth on its "front" side, and the Moon is always facing the Earth on its "back" side.
On the surface of the Moon, there is no wind, no rain, no clouds in the sky, and no weather changes. Whether it is day or night, the sky of the Moon is always dark. When you look up at the stars on the Moon, they will be more brilliant compared to those on Earth; and when you look at the stars on the back of the Moon, they will be brighter than those on the front of the Moon.
Expanded:
Split theory of the birth of the Moon:
As early as 1898, George Darwin, the son of the famous biologist Darwin, pointed out in his article, "Tides and Similar Effects in the Solar System," that the Moon was originally the Earth's part of the Earth, and later, because the Earth rotated too fast, it threw out a part of the material on the Earth, which formed the Moon when it broke away from the Earth, and the large crater left on the Earth was the Pacific Ocean.
This idea was soon opposed by some people. They argued that the Earth could not have thrown out a piece that large at the speed of its rotation. Besides, if the Moon was thrown out by the Earth, then the material composition of the two should be the same. However, through the "Apollo 12" spacecraft from the moon to bring back rock samples for laboratory analysis, found that the two are very far apart.
The age of the rocks on the surface of the moon is extremely old, the age of the rocks on the surface of the moon between 3.0 - 4.2 billion years, the age of the oldest rocks on the surface of the earth, is limited to individual areas of the 3.8 billion years of ancient metamorphic rocks, and the age of the rocks on the Pacific Ocean floor is extremely young, and completely with the theory of "splitting" contrary to the theory. The age of the Pacific ocean floor rocks is extremely young, completely contradicting the theory of "split theory".
People's Daily Online - The Little-Known "Other Side" of the Moon
2. Trivia about the Moon
Knowledge of the Moon The surface of the Moon has no atmosphere or water, no wind, snow, or rain, and there are no rivers, lakes, or oceans, not to mention the phenomenon of life in the language of birds and flowers.
In a word, the Moon is a dead planet. However, this does not mean that nothing has changed on the surface of the Moon, and the glow phenomenon on its surface is an example.
Sometimes the surface of the Moon suddenly appeared some kind of luminescence phenomenon, and even color changes, it caused astronomers' interest and attention. In the early morning of November 3, 1958, the Soviet Union scientists Kozilev in the observation of lunar craters, found that the central peak within the mouth of the Alpheus crater, became dark and fuzzy, and emitted a kind of red light never seen before.
When he observed the area again more than two hours later, the peaks glowed white and almost doubled their normal brightness, and the next night, Alpheus Crater returned to its original appearance. Kozilev believes that what he observed was a relatively rare lunar volcanic eruption.
He said that the reason for the increase in brightness of the central peak of Alpheus Crater was the outflow of gas from the Moon's interior, and that the darkening and reddish color of the peaks at the beginning was due to the pressure of the gas, which caused the ash to rush out of the crater in the first place. Kozilev's view was opposed by a number of people, including some reputable astronomers.
They admitted that the anomaly of the crater of Alpheus existed; but argued that it could not be explained as a usual volcanic eruption, but as a process of gas release that sometimes occurs in localized regions of the Moon. In the light of the sun, even cold gases exhibit those characteristics noted by Kozilev.
As early as 1955, Kozilev had detected similar anomalous glowing phenomena in the crater of another crater, Alistair Crater, which he suspected to be a volcanic eruption, and in 1961, Kozilev observed the familiar anomalies in the center of Alistair Crater, but with the difference that spectral analysis clearly confirmed that this time the spill was a volcanic eruption. Spectral analysis clearly confirmed that this time the gas being spilled was hydrogen.
How can such phenomena be explained? Is it an eruption? Or is it a gas release? Or is it something else? Red Spots Astronomers have also spotted mysterious red spots on the Moon's surface on more than one occasion. It was the same crater, Aristarchus, where two astronomers from the Lowell Observatory in the United States, while observing and mapping it and its vicinity on the lunar surface, found red spots that surprised them in this area on two separate occasions.
The first time was on October 29, 1963, when a **** discovered three spots: first, an oval spot, reddish-orange in color, about 8 kilometers long and 2 kilometers wide, was seen about 65 kilometers east of Aristarchus. Near it a small round spot was clearly visible, about 2 kilometers in diameter.
These two spots went from dark to bright and then disappeared completely in about 25 minutes. The third spot, a pale reddish streak about 17 kilometers long and 2 kilometers wide, was located on the inner side of the southeastern edge of the Alystark crater, and appeared and disappeared roughly about 5 minutes later than those two spots.
The second time they observed the strange red spot was 1 month later, on November 27, also near the Alystark crater, where it was about 19 km long and 2 km wide, and was present for up to 75 minutes. This time, with more time, not only did several Lowell Observatory colleagues see the red spot, but they also took some photos.
In order to confirm that the observed phenomenon was indeed there, they also made a special call to another observatory to tell their friends there to hurry up and observe the anomaly on the Moon, but deliberately did not say clearly where on the Moon it was. The Davenport Observatory, which had gotten the message, immediately burst into the search with a reflecting telescope of 175 centimeters aperture (the two Lovell astronomers were using a refracting telescope of 60 centimeters aperture), and soon found the target.
As it turned out, the location of the red spot was exactly the same at both observatories, indicating that the observations were correct. The red spot was indeed some kind of phenomenon on the surface of the Moon, and not a phantom caused by the Earth's atmosphere or other factors.
Both of these color anomalies occurred in the region of the Alystark crater, and both occurred less than two days after it began to be illuminated by sunlight. Taking these aspects into account, it has been suggested that the appearance of red spots on the lunar surface may not be too rare, but that it is not known at what time and in what area they appear, and that they generally do not appear and exist for long periods of time, so that it would not be so easy to observe them, requiring larger and suitable observing instruments, as well as a great deal of observing experience and skill, and that such phenomena may be related to the Sun and its activities.
Another view is that these phenomena may be related to the Sun and its activity.
Another opinion is that the frequency of such brightening and luminous phenomena, with at least 300 similar events documented in the region of Aristarchus crater alone, suggests that they are due to some or other permanent cause within the Moon. In July 1969, the Apollo 11 spacecraft, which made the first flight to the Moon, was scheduled to observe the brightest part of the Moon, the crater of Aristarchus, when it arrived near the Moon and circled the Moon.
The famous crater is about 37 kilometers across, with steep and complex walls and a rough and rugged base. Armstrong, the spacecraft commander, was looking down from the north side of the crater, and reported to the ground command center that "somewhere near the crater is apparently much brighter than the area around it, and it looks like there's some kind of fluorescent thing there."
Unfortunately, the astronauts had no further explanation for the observed phenomenon. Red Luminescence Just as two scientists at the Lowell Observatory discovered the red spot near Aristarchus crater, two scientists in the UK noticed a similar phenomenon at another famous crater, Kepler's crater.
Kepler crater in the southeast of the Alystark crater, about 35 kilometers in diameter, is one of the few craters with the radiation pattern. 1963 November 1, two researchers from the University of Manchester, England, in the shooting Kepler crater and the surrounding area of the photographs, noticed that in this area, in two hours twice in this area, the red glow phenomenon, light emitting an area of They were surprised by the size of the glow, which exceeded 10,000 square kilometers each time.
They offer three insights into this colored phenomenon. First, they pointed out that a luminous phenomenon of such a large area for such a short period of time could not have been caused by some internal lunar cause, and that.
3. What to know about the Moon
The Moon is the most thoroughly studied celestial body. It is the second object that humans have ever visited in person. The Moon is about 4.6 billion years old. Like the Earth, the Moon has a layered structure with a shell, mantle, and core. [1] The outermost crust averages about 60-65 kilometers in thickness. Below the crust, at a depth of up to 1,000 kilometers, is the mantle, which makes up most of the Moon's volume. Below the mantle is the nucleus, which has a temperature of about 1,000 degrees Celsius and is probably molten. The diameter of the Moon is about 3474.8 kilometers, which is about 1/4 the size of the Earth and 1/400 the size of the Sun. The distance from the Moon to the Earth is about 1/400 of the distance from the Earth to the Sun, so the Moon and the Sun are the same size as they appear from the Earth. The volume of the Moon is about 1/49th of the Earth's, the mass is about 735 billion billion tons, which is about 1/81 of the Earth's mass, and the gravity on the Moon's surface is about 1/6 of the Earth's gravity. The Moon always has one side facing us, which is customarily referred to as the front side. On the other hand, the back side of the Moon is mostly invisible from the Earth, except for a region near the edge of the Moon's surface that is visible in the center due to the movement of the celestial scales. In the absence of probes, the Moon's dark side has remained an unknown world. A characteristic feature of the Moon's backside is the near absence of the darker lunar surface feature, the Lunar Sea. When a man-made probe is operated to the back of the Moon, it will not be able to communicate directly with Earth. The Moon orbits the Earth in 27.321666 days, while moving half a degree per hour relative to the background stars, or about the apparent diameter of the lunar surface. Unlike other satellites, the Moon's orbital plane is closer to the ecliptic than to the Earth's equator. The time it takes for the Moon to revolve around the Earth (lunar rotation) relative to the background stars is called a sidereal month, while the time between a new moon and the next new moon (or between two identical lunar phases) is called a lunation. The lunation is longer than the sidereal month because the Earth itself advances some distance in its orbit around the Sun during the Moon's orbit. Strictly speaking, the Earth and the Moon orbit around a *** center of mass, which is 4,700 km from the Earth's center (i.e., 3/4 of the Earth's radius). Because the center of mass is below the Earth's surface, the Earth's motion around the center of mass appears to be a "wobble". When viewed from the Earth's South Pole, both the Earth and the Moon rotate in a clockwise direction; the Moon also orbits the Earth in a clockwise direction; and even the Earth rotates in a clockwise direction around the Sun, which is due to the fact that both the Earth and the Moon have the same angular momentum with respect to the Sun, i.e., they have been "rotating in this direction from the very beginning". The Moon itself does not emit light, but only reflects sunlight. The brightness of the Moon varies with the angular distance between the Sun and the Moon and the distance between the Earth and the Moon. The average brightness is 1/465,000 of the Sun's brightness, and varies from 1/63,000 to 1/375,000. At full moon, the average brightness is -12.7, etc. (see ). Its illumination of the earth averages 0.22 lux, equivalent to that of a 100-watt lamp at a distance of 21 meters. The surface of the Moon is not a good reflector; it has an average albedo of only 7%, the remaining 93% being absorbed by the Moon. The Moon's sea has an even lower albedo of about 6%. The highlands and craters on the Moon's surface have an albedo of 17%, making them appear brighter than the Moon's sea. The Moon's brightness varies with the phases of the Moon, and is more than ten times brighter at full than at low or high. Since there is no atmosphere on the Moon, and the heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the materials on the surface of the Moon are very low, the temperature difference between day and night on the surface of the Moon is very large. During the day, the temperature can be as high as +127°C where the sun shines vertically; at night, the temperature can be as low as -183°C. The temperature of the Moon's surface can be as high as +127°C at night. These values represent only the temperature of the Moon's surface. The temperature in the soil of the lunar surface can be determined by radio observations, and such measurements show that the temperature deeper in the soil of the lunar surface varies very little, precisely because of the low thermal conductivity of the material on the lunar surface. From the propagation of moonshock waves, it was learned that the Moon also has a layered structure of shell, mantle and core. The outermost crust is 60-65 kilometers thick. Below the crust, at a depth of 1,000 kilometers, is the mantle, which makes up most of the Moon's volume. Below the mantle is the nucleus. The core is at a temperature of about 1,000°C and is probably molten, presumably composed of Fe-Ni-S and garnet material. The mean orbital radius is 384,401 kilometers. Orbital eccentricity 0.0549. Perigee distance 363,300 km. Apogee distance 405,500 km. Mean rotation period 27.32 days. Mean rotation speed 1.023 km/s. Orbital inclination varies between 28.58° and 18.28°. The ascending node has a longitude of 125.08°. Perigee angle 318.15°. 19 years of silent winter. Mean lunar-earth distance 384,400 kilometers. Nodal recession period 18.61 years. Perigee motion cycle 8.85 years. Eclipse year 346.6 days. Saros cycle 18 years, 10/11 days. Mean inclination of the orbit to the ecliptic 5°. Mean inclination of the Moon's equator to the ecliptic 1°. Equatorial diameter 3,476.2 km. Diameter at the poles 3,472.0 km. Obliquity 0.0012. Surface area 3.79*10^7 km2. Volume 2.199*10^10 cubic kilometers. Mass 7.349*10^22 kg. Average density 3.350 times that of water. Gravitational acceleration at the equator 1.622 m/s2 (1/6th of the Earth's). Escape velocity 2.38 km/s. Rotation period 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes and 11.559 seconds (synchronous rotation). Rotation speed 16.655 m/s (at the equator). The inclination of the rotation axis varies between 3.60° and 6.69°. The angle of intersection with the ecliptic is 1.5424°. Albedo 0.12 Cosmic apparent magnitude of the Moon at full moon -12.74. Surface temperature (t) -233~123℃ average 23℃. Atmospheric pressure 1.3*10-10 kPa. Lunar Cycle: Name Value (unit: days) Definition sidereal month 27.321 661 relative to the background sidereal solstice month 29.530 588 relative to the solar (lunar) equinox month 27.321 582 relative to the equinox perihelion month 27.554 550 relative to the perihelion node month 27.212 220 relative to the ascending node month The Moon's diameter is 1/4 of the average diameter of the Earth, and its mass is only 1/81 of that of the Earth. It is only 1/81. of the Earth.
4. Trivia about the Moon (20 words)
The Moon rotates in a counterclockwise direction from west to east, and also revolves around the Earth in a counterclockwise direction.
Due to "tidal locking", the period of one week of the Moon's rotation is equal to the period of one week of its revolution around the Earth, which is about 28 Earth days. This results in a state where the Moon's "front" is always facing the Earth and its "back" is always turned away from the Earth.
On the surface of the Moon, there is no wind, no rain, no clouds in the sky, and no weather changes. Whether it is day or night, the sky of the Moon is always dark.
When you look up at the stars on the Moon, they will be brighter than on Earth; when you look at the stars on the back of the Moon, they will be brighter than on the front of the Moon.
Expanded:
This idea was soon opposed by some people. They argued that the speed of the Earth's rotation could not have thrown out a chunk of that size.
Besides, if the Moon was thrown out by the Earth, then the material composition of the two should be the same. However, the rock samples brought back from the Moon by the Apollo 12 spacecraft were analyzed and found to be very different from each other.
The age of the rocks on the surface of the moon is extremely old, the age of the rocks on the surface of the moon between 3.0 - 4.2 billion years, the age of the oldest rocks on the surface of the earth, is limited to individual areas of the 3.8 billion years of ancient metamorphic rocks, and the age of the rocks on the Pacific Ocean floor is extremely young, and completely with the theory of "splitting" contrary to the theory. The age of the rocks on the Pacific Ocean floor is extremely young, completely contradicting the "split theory" theory. The "other side" of the moon is not well known.
5. Popular knowledge about the moon
The moon, as seen by the human eye, was also known as the moon, Xuan Tu, Shan Cuckoo, and Pan Yu in ancient times, and is a satellite of the Earth and the fifth largest satellite of the solar system. The Moon's diameter is about a quarter of the Earth's and its mass is about one hundred and eighty-one percent of the Earth.
The Moon is the largest known satellite of the Earth, and its surface is covered with impact craters formed by the impacts of small bodies. The average distance between the Moon and the Earth is about 384,400 kilometers, which is about 30 times the diameter of the Earth.
The Moon probably formed about 4.5 billion years ago. There are several hypotheses about its origin shortly after the formation of the Earth. The theory that is supported by more factual evidence is that it formed in the "Great Collisional Origin Theory", in which debris from a giant collision between the Earth and the Mars-sized body "Teyia" formed and gathered around the Earth.
Expanded:
The Moon rotates around the Earth with a period of 27.32166, which happens to be a sidereal month, so we can't see the back of the Moon. This phenomenon, which we call "synchronized rotation" or "tidal locking", is almost universal in the world of the solar system satellites.
It is thought to be the result of the long-term tidal action of the moons on the planets. Scales are a marvelous phenomenon that allows us to see 59 planes. The main reasons for this are:
1. In different parts of the elliptical orbit, the rotational velocity does not match the rotational angular velocity.
2. The angle of intersection of the White Way and the Equator.
The Moon appears to move half a degree per hour with respect to the background sky, which is similar to the apparent diameter of the Moon's surface. Unlike other satellites, the Moon's orbital plane is closer to the ecliptic plane than to the Earth's equatorial plane. The time it takes for the Moon to orbit the Earth (lunar rotation) relative to the starry background is known as a sidereal month.
The time it takes between a new moon and the next new moon (or between two identical phases) is called the lunar month. The reason the lunar month is longer than the sidereal month is that as the Earth moves over the Moon, it advances itself some distance in its orbit around the Sun.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Moon (name of celestial body)
6. 10 Scientific Facts about the Moon
The Moon, commonly known as the Moon, and known in ancient times as the Taiyin, is a satellite that orbits the Earth. It is the only natural satellite of the Earth and the closest celestial body to the Earth (the average distance from the Earth is 384,400 kilometers). The Moon is the most thoroughly studied celestial body. The Moon is the second celestial body to have been visited by mankind. The Moon is about 4.6 billion years old. Like the Earth, the Moon has a layered structure of shell, mantle and core. The outermost crust averages about 60-65 kilometers in thickness. Below the crust, at a depth of up to 1,000 kilometers, is the mantle, which makes up most of the Moon's volume. Below the mantle is the nucleus, which has a temperature of about 1,000 degrees Celsius and is probably molten. The Moon has a diameter of about 3476 kilometers, which is about 1/4 the size of the Earth and 1/400 the size of the Sun. The distance from the Moon to the Earth is about 1/400 the size of the distance from the Earth to the Sun, so the Moon is as large as the Sun when viewed from the Earth. The volume of the moon is only 1/49 of the earth, the mass is about 735 billion billion tons, equivalent to about 1/80 of the earth's mass, the gravity of the moon's surface is about 1/6 of the earth's gravity.
7. Knowledge of the Moon
The middle lunar mantle and the lower lunar mantle are composed of basaltic rocks the Moon is the only natural satellite of the Earth, it can be assumed that the lunar nucleus will not be heavier elements such as iron-nickel composition, there are drastic changes in the speed of the moon seismic wave. Based on what is known about the internal conditions of the Moon. The upper lunar mantle consists of magnesium-rich olivine, suggesting that there are significant discontinuities at these depths, the middle lunar mantle (300 ~ 800 km) and the lunar seismic zone (800 ~ 1000 km), the soft rheosphere (1000 ~ 1600 km) and the lunar core (1600 ~ 1738 km). The lunar lithosphere can be further divided into four layers, which may be plastic or partially molten, namely the lunar crust (0 ~ 60 km). Since the density of the rocks on the lunar surface is not much less than the average density of the whole Moon, it is known that the interior of the present-day Moon also has a cirrus structure. There is a layer of lunar soil a few meters to tens of meters thick on the surface of the Moon, which is also the result of the differentiation of the whole lunar material circle in the evolution process of the Moon, but it is not identical with the circle structure of the Earth's interior, 25 km and 60 km deep. The soft flow ring is also known as the lower lunar mantle. The above circle structure of the Moon, the upper lunar mantle (60-300 kilometers). At a depth of 1000 kilometers of the Moon, it consists of gabbro and caliche. The location of the lunar epicenter lies between the depths of 600 to 1000 kilometers. The whole Moon can be considered to consist of the lunar lithosphere (0 to 1000 km), the solid part of the cirrus structure is not specific to the Earth itself, so that the temperature of the lunar mantle is not higher than 1000°C. The surface of the Moon up to a depth of 25 kilometers is the first level of the lunar crust consisting of basalts. According to the analysis of the recorded data from the Apollo 11 and 12 lunar seismic stations established on the Moon, the average lunar seismic source depth is 800 kilometers, and between 25 kilometers and 60 kilometers is the second level of the lunar crust, as well as the study of the lunar surface and lunar rocks. At 10 kilometers of the lunar crust, it has a close evolutionary link with the Earth
References:
8. General Knowledge about the Moon (about 200~300 words)
The Moon The Moon is the only natural satellite of the Earth and it has a close evolutionary connection with the Earth.
According to the analysis of the recorded data of the Apollo 11 and 12 Moonquake Stations built on the Moon, as well as the study of the Moon's surface and moon rocks, it can be known that there is also a circling structure inside the present-day Moon, but it is not exactly the same as that inside the Earth. The surface of the Moon has a layer of lunar soil a few meters to tens of meters thick.
The entire Moon can be thought of as consisting of the lunar lithosphere (0 to 1000 kilometers), the soft flow ring (1000 to 1600 kilometers), and the lunar core (1600 to 1738 kilometers). The lunar lithosphere can be further divided into four layers, i.e., the lunar crust (0~60 kilometers), the upper lunar mantle (60~300 kilometers), the mid-lunar mantle (300~800 kilometers), and the lunar shock zone (800 ~ 1000 kilometers).
The soft flow ring is also known as the lower lunar mantle. Sharp variations in moonquake wave speeds are present at depths of 10 km, 25 km, and 60 km in the lunar crust, indicating significant discontinuities at these depths.
The first layer of the lunar crust is composed of basalt from the surface of the Moon to a depth of 25 kilometers, and the second layer of the crust between 25 and 60 kilometers consists of gabbro and caliche. The upper lunar mantle is composed of magnesium-rich olivine, and the middle and lower mantles are composed of basaltic rocks.
The location of the Moon's epicenter lies between 600 and 1,000 kilometers in depth, with an average lunar epicenter depth of 800 kilometers. Since the density of the rocks on the lunar surface is not much less than the average density of the entire Moon, it can be assumed that the lunar core would not be composed of heavier elements such as iron and nickel, and that it could be plastic or partially molten.
At a depth of 1,000 kilometers on the Moon, the temperature of the mantle is not higher than 1,000°C. Based on what is known about the state of the Moon's interior, the solid part of the cirrus structure is not unique to the Earth itself.
The above circling structure of the Moon is also the result of the differentiation of the whole lunar material circle during the evolution of the Moon.
9. What is common knowledge about the Moon
The Moon: The Moon is commonly known as the Moon, or Tai Yin.
The Moon is the most obvious example of a natural satellite. In our solar system, all planets have natural satellites except Mercury and Venus.
The Moon is also about 4.6 billion years old, and it is closely related to the Earth. The Moon also has a layered structure of shell, mantle and core.
The outermost crust is about 60-65 kilometers thick on average. Below the crust to a depth of 1000 kilometers is the mantle, which makes up most of the volume of the Moon.
Below the mantle is the nucleus, which is at a temperature of about 1,000 degrees Celsius and is likely molten. The Moon has a diameter of about 3,476 kilometers, which is 3/11th that of the Earth.
The volume is only 1/49th that of the Earth, and the mass is about 735 billion billion tons, which is equivalent to 1/81th the mass of the Earth, and the gravity at the surface of the Moon is almost 1/6th that of the Earth's gravity. The Moon is the Earth's only natural satellite: orbital radius: 384,400 kilometers from the Earth planetary diameter: 3,476 kilometers mass: 7.35e22 kg It stands to reason that the Moon has been known since prehistory.
It is the second brightest object in the sky after the Sun. Since the Moon revolves around the Earth once a month, the angle between the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun is constantly changing; we call it a lunation.
It takes 29.5 days (709 hours) for a consecutive new moon to appear, varying with the period of the Moon's orbit (as measured by sidereal measurements) due to changes in the Earth's simultaneous revolution around the Sun. The gravitational field between the Earth and the Moon creates interesting phenomena.
The most obvious is the phenomenon of tides. The gravitational force is greatest at the point where the Moon is facing the Earth, and weaker at the opposite point.
The Earth, and especially the oceans, are not completely fixed, but extend slightly in the direction of the Moon. If you look at the Earth's surface as a perspective, you will see two points of expansion on the Earth's surface, one facing the Moon and the other facing the opposite direction.
This effect is much stronger for the oceans than for the causal crust, so the oceans expand higher. Also because the Earth rotates faster than the Moon in orbit, the expansion is once a day, and there are two high tides a **** per day.
But the Earth isn't exactly a fluid either, and the Earth's rotation causes the Earth to expand very slightly directly below the Moon. This means that the influence between the Earth and the Moon is not quite exactly on the line connecting the two spheres' centers due to the Earth's rotational torsion and the effect of acceleration on the Moon.
This also causes the Earth to constantly supply rotational energy to the Moon, slowing the rotation by 1.5 microseconds per century, and also increasing the Moon's orbit around the Earth by 3.8 meters per year. (The opposite result also leads to the unusual rotational orbits of Phobos and Triton.)
Asymmetric gravitational interactions also synchronize the Moon's rotation. For example, its orbital phase is always relatively fixed, leaving the side toward Earth unchanged.
Because the Earth's rotation is slowed by the Moon's influence, the Moon's rotation was slowed by the Earth a long time ago, although the forces were much stronger at that time. When the Moon's rotation slowed down enough to fit its orbital period (so that the point of expansion was at the point directly opposite the Earth), there was no more excess torque, so that the Moon's situation was stabilized.
This happens similarly with other moons in the solar system. Eventually, the Earth's rotation will also slow down enough to be appropriate for the lunar cycle, as is the case with Pluto and Pluto.
The Moon has no atmosphere. But evidence from the Clementine vehicle suggests there may be solid water - ice - at the moon's south pole, at the large crater on the permanently dark side.
This has now been confirmed by the Lunar Prospector spacecraft. Apparently there is also ice at the Moon's north pole, which will make future lunar exploration slightly cheaper! The Moon's crust averages 68 kilometers thick, from zero kilometers under Mare Crisium to 107 kilometers on the backside at Korolev Crater.
Underneath the crust is the mantle, and probably also its core. However it is not like the Earth's mantle, only part of the Moon is particularly hot.
Curiously, the Moon's center of mass is offset from its geometric geographic center by 2 kilometers toward the Earth. Again, its crust is thinner on this side.
There are two main types of terrain on the Moon's surface: huge craters and ancient plateaus, and relatively smooth and young maria, which (covering up to 16% of the Moon's surface) were eroded by hot lava from volcanoes.
Most of the surface is covered by layers of gray dust and rock fragments from meteorite impacts. For unknown reasons, maria terrain is concentrated on the side close to the Earth.
Most of the craters and volcanoes close to the Earth are named after famous epithets in the history of science, such as Tycho, Copernicus, and Ptolemy. The ones on the back side are mostly named by more recent designations such as Apollo, Gagarin and Korolev (with an obvious Russian bias since the first photo was taken by Luna 3).
Also, similar to the Near Zone, the backside of the Moon has the giant crater South Pole-Aitken, 2,250 kilometers in diameter and 12 kilometers deep, making it the largest impact basin in the Solar System, and forming a mountainous mesa on the western flank, which has become the archetypal heavy crater in the Solar System. (Viewed from Earth; center of left-hand diagram).
The vast majority of rocks on the Moon's surface appear to be between 3 and 4.6 billion years old, which is a fortuitous coincidence with the very rare rocks on Earth that are over 3 billion years old. In this way, the Moon provides evidence of the early history of the solar system that cannot be found on Earth.
Based on earlier studies of Apollo samples, there is no agreement on the origin of the Moon, and there are three main theories: co-accretion syncretism, which asserts that the Earth and the Moon formed in the solar nebula at the same time; fission splitting, which asserts that the Moon split off from the Earth; and capture, which asserts that the Moon formed elsewhere and was later capture theory, which asserts that the Moon formed elsewhere and was later captured by the Earth. There is not enough evidence for any of these theories, but the most recent and detailed information from moon rocks leads to the impact theory: the Earth was hit by a large object (the size of Mars or even larger), and the Moon was formed from ejected parts.
New information is constantly being discovered, but the impact theory is now widely accepted. The Moon does not have a global magnetic field, but some of its surface rocks have a residual attraction, suggesting that the Moon had a global magnetic field in its early days.
10. Short facts about the Moon
1. The Moon is only 1/49th the size of the Earth
2. The gravity on the surface of the Moon is about 1/6th of the gravity on the Earth
3. Craters were first named by the Italian astronomer Galileo
4. The deepest crater on the Moon is Newton's Crater, which has a depth of 8,788 meters
5. The Moon's crater is the most powerful and most powerful.
5. The front of the Moon is always facing the Earth
6. The temperature difference between day and night on the surface of the Moon is very large, with a maximum temperature of +127°C during the day and a temperature of -183°C at night.
7. The lunar land is much older than the lunar sea and is the oldest topographical feature on the Moon.
8. On the front side of the Moon, the area of the lunar land is roughly equal to that of the lunar sea, but on the back side of the Moon, the area of the lunar land is much larger than that of the lunar sea
9. The lunar sea is not a sea, but rather a dark part of the Moon's surface, which is actually a vast plain on the Moon's surface.
10. 22 lunar seas have been identified, 3 on the back, 4 on the fringes, and 15 on the front.
11. The largest lunar sea is called the "Stormy Ocean" and is the size of nine France.
11.