The Buyi population in Guizhou Province accounts for more than 97% of the country's total population of Buyi, and is the most important settlement of the Buyi. They mainly live in the two Buyi Miao Autonomous Prefectures of Qiannan and Qianxinan in the province, as well as in Zhenning Buyi Miao Autonomous County, where the Huangguoshu Falls are located, Guanling Buyi Miao Autonomous County, Ziyun Miao Buyi Autonomous County in Anshun, and in Guiyang City, where there are more than 100,000 Buyis, and in Liupanshui, where there are Buyis in Panshi County, Liuzhi, and Bijie County, and Zijin County. There are also Buyis in Zijin County, and outside the province, Buyis live in Yunnan, Sichuan, and northern Vietnam. The Buyei language belongs to the Zhuang-Dong language group of the Sino-Tibetan language family, and there are ancient scripts of this ethnic group, and the Latin Buyei script was created in the 1950s. The Buyei people are mainly engaged in agriculture, and the ancestors of the Buyei people, the Baiyue people, were the first to invent rice cultivation, making important contributions to the world's rice civilization. They are known as the "Rice Nation". During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the social productive forces in the Buyi area were already quite developed.
Buyi people evolved from the ancient bureaucrats, the Tang Dynasty called "Southwest Barbarians", after the Song and Yuan Dynasty, the book called "Tomato", "Zhongjia barbarians", Ming and Qing Dynasty called "Zhongban". "Zhongban", the Republic of China called "Zhongjia", "Shuitou", "Yi", "Tubian", "local", "around the family", etc.
Deities
The primitive religious beliefs of the Buyei people are mainly nature worship, totem worship, ancestor worship and witchcraft. and witchcraft. The Buyei believe in ancestors and many kinds of deities, which may be the remnants of the primitive religious belief that everything has a spirit, and at the same time, it also reflects some of the characteristics of the consciousness of the ancient agrarian people.
Buyi people "February 2" to worship "land god", blessing the whole village peace, kill chickens to honor ancestors, eat two colors (white, black) glutinous rice, "June 6" sacrifice field god, Land God and Mountain God, after the sacrifice with the blood of chickens dipped in various colors of paper flags, or made into a large bird-shaped respectively inserted in each field.
Moism
Moism is still a traditional religion practiced by most of the Buyi people, and it is a quasi-artificial religion between primitive and theological religions. It is a quasi-man-made religion between primitive and theological religions. The Moism has a specialized religious professional, Bumo, whose religious professionals are divided into "Bumo" and "Moya"[8] and whom the Buyi call "Old Mo" or "Mo Gong". "Mo Gong".
Moism not only has a relatively complete ritual classics - Mojing (known as "Buyei five treasures"), there is also a relatively fixed and standardized religious rituals. In addition to performing certain religious rituals, the rituals are supplemented by the recitation of the classics of the Mo religion. The canonical books of Mojing can be roughly divided into multi-volume "Funeral Scriptures" and "Ancient Thanksgiving Scriptures" used in funeral and burial activities, as well as a wide range of miscellaneous scriptures used to drive away evil spirits and pray for luck and sacrifice to avoid disasters and other purposes.
Legends
The myths and legends of the Buyi people are rich and colorful. Myths, stories, fairy tales, fables, proverbs, poems and other oral literature widely circulated among the people recount the ancient history of the nation, glorify the diligence and courage of the people, expose the darkness and brutality of the old society, and look forward to the happiness and light of the new society. They have a wide range of themes, beautiful mood, healthy content, vivid language, and are rich in imagination. Myths and legends such as "Flood and Tide", "Twelve Suns", "Sai Hu Fine Sisters Creating Human Smoke", "Buting Shooting the Sun", "Mang Yeh Seeking Valley Seeds", "The Legend of Huangguoshu Waterfalls" and so on, are all the favorite works of the people.
The Buyei language spoken by the Buyei belongs to the Zhuang-Dong group of the Sino-Tibetan language family and is actually the same language as the northern dialect of Zhuang.
There are many Chinese loanwords in the vocabulary system of the Buyi language due to the long-term cultural contacts and exchanges between the Buyi and the Han Chinese. The Buyei language has a complete phonetic system, rich vocabulary and expressive grammatical structure. Despite the fact that the Buyei people have a large population and live in a wide range of areas, their language is only divided into dialects within the Buyei people. The Buyei language is relatively consistent and has small differences, and can be roughly divided into three native language areas according to its phonetic characteristics .
The first native language area
has the largest population, mainly located in the south of Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, and the south of Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, where it can be directly spoken with Guibian and Guibei dialects of the northern dialect of Guangxi Zhuang. The standard sound point of the Buyi language is Wangmu Buyi in the first dialect area.
The Second Indigenous Language Area
The population of the second indigenous language area
is the second largest, mainly located in the Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture and the suburbs of Guiyang, which is in direct communication with the First Indigenous Language Area, and also very close to the northern dialect of the Guangxi Zhuang language.
The Third Indigenous Language Area
has the smallest population, and is mainly located in the areas of Zhenning, Guanling, Ziyun, Qinglong, Pu'an, Liuzhi, Panxian, Shucheng, Bijie, and Weining in Guizhou Province. The speech of this Indigenous Language Area has a relatively distinctive character, but it can also talk to each other with the First and Second Indigenous Languages.
2012 Wangmu Buyei "March 3" Cultural Festival, Buyei, Zhuang cultural experts and scholars reached "Wangmu *** knowledge", decided to *** with the opening of the "Buyei Zhuang language satellite channels
Music
The culture and art of the Buyi are colorful. Traditional dances include the Copper Drum Dance, the Weaving Dance, the Lion Dance, and the Sugar Bun Dance. Traditional musical instruments include suona, moon zither, cave xiao, wooden leaf, flute and so on. Ground Opera and Lantern Drama are the favorite dramas of the Buyi people. Big songs and small songs are two forms of singing with multi-vocal structure circulating in Qiannan; Pan songs are used to sing to interrogate each other, and randomly answer each other's questions, astronomy, geography, mountains, rivers, grasses and trees can be included in the songs. There are myths, legends, stories, fables, proverbs and poems in the oral literature circulating among the people. Buyei cloth, woven by farmers themselves, has long been famous. Enterprises specializing in the production of Buyi brocade, batik cloth and national craft clothing have been established one after another, and their products are exported to Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe and America. The music of the Buyi people in Qianxinan is known as the "living fossil of sound" and "heavenly music".
Diet
Buyi people to rice, corn as the main food, wheat, sorghum, potatoes and beans as a supplement. There are wooden cans, tripod cans cooking rice, oil stewed rice, Erhe rice (rice mixed with crushed corn, also known as bao gu rice), bao gu po, rice flour, two pieces of po, pea flour, rice tofu and other colorful varieties. Among them, glutinous rice dumplings, flower rice and sesame oil dumplings are the most well-known and are mostly used for ancestor worship or banquets.
Their meat comes mainly from domestic animals and poultry, and they also love to hunt squirrels, bamboo rats and bamboo worms. Most of the cooking methods are roasted, boiled, exploded, fried, pickled and frozen, and they usually do not eat raw food.
Wine plays an important role in the daily life of the Buyi. Every year after the fall harvest, families have to make a large amount of rice wine and store it for year-round drinking. The Buyi people like to treat their guests with wine, no matter how much they drink, as long as the guests arrive, they will drink wine first, called "welcome wine". When drinking wine, they don't use cups but bowls, and they have to make orders to guess and sing.
There are many traditional snacks for the Buyi people, such as rice flour, two pieces of rice flour, pea flour and rice tofu. Buyei hospitality, characterized by the annual lunar calendar "February 2", "March 3", "April 8", Dragon Boat Festival, "June 6 ", "half of July", Mid-Autumn Festival, etc. are grand festivals, April 8 "many Buyei people use maple leaves, yellow rice flowers, dyeing dandan flowers and other kinds of plant branches and leaves to dye the glutinous rice into colorful, do flower glutinous rice to entertain guests and give to friends and relatives.
Etiquette
Buyi hospitality, warmth, generosity, sincerity, all to the cottage, friends and relatives, old friends, never known, all will be treated with wine. Buyi people are very polite, do not welcome foul-mouthed, rude guests.
Buyi families live apart. However, despite the separation of brothers, in the distribution of property, parents are left with a pension field, which is cultivated by brothers in turn. After the death of their parents, the old-age field is turned into a grave field for sweeping the graves during the Ching Ming Festival. So that future generations will always remember the elders' sincere advice and the kindness of their upbringing.
Marriage customs
Buyi marriage is practiced autonomously. To receive the bride to the song, commonly known as the song of the sisters. On the evening of the bride's arrival at the man's home, the activities of singing and asking for a purse are held, and there is the saying "a night of a purse and a night of songs"[1]. Traditional festivals include March 3, April 8, June 6, Eat New Festival, and July 30th. "March 3" is the traditional grand festival of the Buyi people, on the third day of the third month of the lunar calendar, rice cultivation begins, to sacrifice the mountain god, land god and ancestor god and rice soul, making five-color flower glutinous rice offerings; Qianxinan Prefecture, young men and women to gather in the "Chabai song field" to play the mountain song, thousands of participants to tens of thousands of people. In the area of Qianxinan Prefecture, young men and women gather at the "Chabai Song Ground" to play songs on the mountain, with thousands to ten thousand participants. Many unmarried young men and women through the blowing wood leaves, song, acquaintance, love, life.