The geological structure of Jishou City is in the south and western part of the third primary uplift zone of the Neo-Chinese tectonic system in the eastern part of the country, the southern part of the secondary uplift zone of the Wuling Mountains in the west, and the western edge of the secondary subsidence zone of the Yuanma Basin in the southeast, which spreads out in the north-north-east to the north-east direction, and is made up of a series of folds and faults.
The landforms in Jishou City are mainly low and medium mountains, accounting for 80% of the city's area, high in the northwest and low in the southeast, with three-level gradient descents in the middle mountains, low and medium mountains, and a difference in elevation between the northwestern and southeastern parts of the city of 824 meters. Mountains are arranged in parallel with the belt, the western and northwestern part of the mountains, high peaks and mountains, mountain slopes, steep cliffs, mountain ranges north-east, north-north-east direction. The southwestern part is low mountains, and the mountain range is oriented north-east and north-north-east. The eastern and southeastern parts are red rock low mountains with clusters of peaks and interlocking mountain valleys. In the center is the more open basin, flat, hill and granite landform development. The landform of Jishou urban area belongs to low mountains, hills, granites and flat areas, with relatively flat terrain and gentle slopes around. The terrain of Qianzhou is more open and flat, basin-like, surrounded by low mountains, hills and mountains. Karst geomorphology is developed in the city, with typical cavern forms such as dissolving grooves, funnels, and falling water caves, and 69 larger caves were found, of which 56 were identified as basic, with a total length of 18,578 meters, an average width of 11.5 meters, an average height of 9.5 meters, a total area of 185,800 square meters, and a usable area of 139,200 square meters. In 2014, there were 108 species of terrestrial vertebrate wildlife of 42 families in Jishou City, including 48 species of birds of 16 families, 30 species of beasts of 15 families, 16 species of reptiles of 6 families and 14 species of amphibians of 5 families. The wild animals protected at the national level are golden eagle, white-necked long-tailed pheasant and 2 species; the wild animals protected at the national level are rhesus macaque, pangolin, giant salamander, small lingcats, mallard fowl, tiger frogs, and raptors*** 28 species; the wild animals protected at the provincial level are silver-starred bamboo rat, hog badger, sweep-tailed porcupine, weasel badger, ferret, marmot, green rat, small muntjac, ring-necked pheasant, red-billed phalarope, wild boar, gray flying squirrels, sharp-nosed pit vipers, silver-ringed snakes, cobras, and five marmoset snakes, The 41 species include: the slider snake, the Chinese giant toad, the spiny-breasted frog, the paintbrush, the woodpecker, and the South China rabbit. Rhesus monkeys and small cats are mainly distributed in the townships of Shetangpo, Zhayang and Shiozhai, while golden eagles are mainly distributed in Qixin Village of Shetangpo Township, and the remaining species are more widely distributed.
Jishou City, there are wild plants in the territory of 73 families of woody plants 336 species. The main dominant tree species are camphor, Shell Dipper, magnolia, witch hazel, myrtle and other 205 species of 28 families, of which the rare plants belonging to the national level of key protection are dove tree, ginkgo, sundew, red bean cedar, cypress oak 5 species; belonging to the national second level of key protection are zelkova, Cuijie cypress, money pine, red hairy toon, green sandalwood, camphor, Minnan, heather, umbrella flower wood, Houpu, grate tricuspid fir 11 species. In 2014, there were 26 mineral deposits discovered in Jishou City, namely, hydraulic limestone, cement clay, limestone for building materials, dolomite, marble, stone coal, vanadium, potassium-bearing shale, mercury, barite, phosphorus, mineral water, lead, zinc, tungsten, nickel, cobalt, gold, silver, rubidium, coal, graphite, calcite, pyrite, potter's earth and rock fertilizers, of which the first 12 were the major mineral species, hydraulic limestone, dolomite, marble vanadium, phosphorus and potassium-bearing shale are the dominant mineral species.
In 2014, Jishou City has proved 117 mineral deposits, including 2 medium-sized deposits with reserves, namely, Shuangtang Township Zhoujiazhai marl deposit and construction materials with tuff deposits; 2 large prospective deposits, namely, Shetangpo Township Sanchopping Village and Shuangtang Township Shuangtang Village potassium-bearing shale deposits; 6 small prospective deposits; and 14 mining sites. From 1989 to 2005, the average annual precipitation in Jishou City was 1,375.5 millimeters. Precipitation is unevenly distributed in time, mainly concentrated in April and May; it varies geographically, with the process of localized regional large-intensity rainstorms being more pronounced in summer, and the total monthly runoff decreasing from the northeast to the southeast. The total amount of surface water averages 2.8 billion cubic meters per year. Among them: 900 million cubic meters of locally produced water; Huayuan, Baojing, Phoenix, Luxi and Guzhang into the Jishou guest water amounted to 1.9 billion cubic meters, the guest water area of 2080 square kilometers.
Jishou city realm river flow is small, narrow riverbed, slope drop, rapid water flow, 2000 to 2005, the average water energy reserves 55,832 kilowatts, can be developed amount of 18,025 kilowatts, accounting for 32.28% of the water energy reserves.