Lisbon (Lisbon) is the capital of the Republic of Portugal and the largest port city in Portugal. It is located at the westernmost tip of the European continent. Area is 82 square kilometers. Population: 535,000 (1999). To the north of Lisbon are the Sintra Mountains. Portugal's largest river, the Tejo, flows south of the city and empties into the Atlantic Ocean. Affected by the warm Atlantic current, Lisbon has a good climate, with no freezing in winter and no hot summer. The average temperature in January and February is 8℃, and the average temperature in July and August is 26℃. Most of the year the weather is sunny, warm and comfortable.
Lisbon has been settled by humans since prehistoric times. In 1147, Alfonso I, the first king of Portugal, captured Lisbon. In 1245, Lisbon became the capital and trade center of the Kingdom of Portugal.
Lisbon's landscaping work is very good. There are 250 parks and gardens in the city, and 1,400 hectares of lawns and green spaces. The road is lined with cypress, palm, lime, lemon, olive and fig trees. The city has green vegetation and blooming flowers all year round, just like a charming and fragrant large garden. Lisbon is surrounded by mountains and rivers, and the entire city is distributed on 6 small hills. From a distance, the red-tiled houses in different shades of colors and the green trees of different shades complement each other, and the scenery is very beautiful.
Lisbon has many monuments and monuments. Belém Tower, located on the shore of the Atlantic Ocean, was built in the early 16th century. When the tide is high, it seems to be floating on the water, and the scenery is moving. The Jeronimos Monastery in front of the tower is a typical example of Manueline architecture popular in the early 16th century. It is magnificent and has gorgeous carvings. There are cemeteries of national celebrities in the courtyard, including the Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama and the famous poet Camo Anz. The nearby navigation monument is beautiful and majestic. From a distance, it looks like a giant sailing ship sailing in the vast blue waves. The reliefs on the monument reproduce the heroic feats of Portuguese navigators who traveled around the world and fought against wind and waves. On the cement floor of the square, a huge world map made by skilled craftsmen clearly marked the years, locations and routes of Portuguese navigators' voyages to various parts of the world, allowing visitors to understand Portugal's maritime history at a glance. The Henry Monument is a stone-carved large sailing ship (Henry made a major contribution to Portuguese navigation in the 15th century). The statue of Henry stands on the bow, surrounded by statues of captains, geographers, mathematicians, carpenters and other figures who assisted Henry. . Pombal Square was built to commemorate the great contribution of Marquis Pombal in the reconstruction of Lisbon. In the center of the square is a statue of Marquis Pombal.
Lisbon City Tour Bus
Lisbon is the national transportation hub and the largest port in Portugal. The port area extends for 14 kilometers, and 60% of the country's import and export goods are loaded and unloaded here. The main transportation in Lisbon is cars and subway. The subway was put into use in 1959, with 20 stations and an annual passenger volume of 132 million. There are also cable cars and lifts that run on the city's hills.
Lisbon is an industrially developed city. The south bank of the Tejo River has become an important industrial center in Portugal. The main industries include shipbuilding, cement, steel, plastics, cork, textiles, paper making and food processing. Lisbon's shipbuilding industry is world-famous and can manufacture various oil tankers of 300,000-700,000 tons. It also has the largest dry dock in Europe, which can repair large oil tankers with a capacity of 1 million tons. The annual ship repair volume accounts for 1/9 of the world's total ship repair volume.
Lisbon's tourism industry has played an important role in promoting the development of the capital into a modern city. The beautiful bathing beach on the Atlantic coast west of Lisbon is a famous tourist area in Portugal, attracting more than 1 million tourists from all over the world every year. Lisbon has become Portugal's largest tourist city.
Used for the 2004 European Football Championship final
The Lisbon Luce Stadium
Lisbon is the cultural center of Portugal. The famous institution of higher learning - the University of Lisbon, founded in 1911, has disciplines such as science, literature, law, pharmacy, medicine, psychology and education. Lisbon also has the Higher Technical Institute, the Conservatory of Music, the Art Institute, etc. The National Library of Lisbon was built in 1796 and is the library with the richest collection of books in the country. Lisbon has many museums. The Carriage Museum collects various royal carriages from the 16th to the mid-19th century, such as four-wheeled carriages, royal chariots, sedan-style carriages, and two-wheeled light carriages. The Kalmar Church built in the 14th century is now an archaeological museum.
The Folklore and Art Museum displays modern and ancient decoration and folk art. The Gulbenkian Foundation in Lisbon is the largest cultural center in Portugal and one of the largest in Europe. It aims to promote the development of education, culture, art, science and charity. It has a fund of more than 400 million US dollars and is one of the largest foundations in the world. The foundation is located in Gulbenkian Park. The foundation's headquarters is connected to the museum, with an art exhibition gallery 60 meters long and 17 meters wide, and a hall with 1,300 seats. The hall has very good acoustics and can perform symphonies, ballets, dramas, movies, and hold meetings. Each seat is equipped with simultaneous interpretation equipment in 6 languages. Next to the hall are rehearsal rooms and several small and medium-sized conference rooms. There are more than 3,000 kinds of Eastern and Western cultural relics on display in the museum. Next to the museum is a library with a collection of 100,000 books. The Gulbenkian Foundation plays an important role in promoting the development of Portuguese culture and education and strengthening international cultural exchanges.
Lisbon’s City Festival, held annually, is a traditional national festival for the Portuguese people. On the night of the City Festival, the whole city is decorated with lights and colorful lights. On this day, grand parades are also held in various districts. In the parades, people wear colorful traditional national costumes and hold paper lanterns. On the lanterns, famous buildings and interesting life scenes of citizens are painted.