Gannan tea-picking opera and Xingguo mountain song are listed on the country's first intangible cultural heritage list
Actors from the Gan County Tea-picking Drama Troupe performed Gannan tea-picking opera in the People's Square of Gan County on June 10 to celebrate the first "Cultural Heritage Day" in China. "Cultural Heritage Day". Xie Rongpei Xiao Rongzhen photo
June 10, the city held a cultural performance at the South Gate Cultural Square in Ganzhou City to celebrate the first "Cultural Heritage Day" and the inclusion of the Gannan tea-picking opera and Xingguo Mountain Song in the list of China's first intangible cultural heritage. Diao Delian, deputy director of the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress, and Tang Yuying, vice mayor of the city, took part in the activities.
It is reported that the State Council, since 2006, the second Saturday in June each year as China's "cultural heritage day". The State Council approved the Ministry of Culture to determine the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list **** there are 518, Gannan tea opera and Xingguo mountain song listed among them. It is understood that the intangible cultural heritage refers to the various traditional cultural expressions (such as folk activities, performing arts, traditional knowledge and skills, as well as their related instruments, objects, handmade products, etc.) and cultural space (i.e., the place where traditional cultural activities are held regularly or where traditional cultural expressions are displayed, both spatial and temporal) that have been inherited by all ethnic groups from generation to generation, and that are closely related to the lives of the masses.
The Gannan Tea Casting Opera is one of the most characteristic local operas in Jiangxi Province, which was formed at the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, with a history of more than 400 years, and was developed on the basis of the Gannan folk lanterns and folk songs and dances. Gannan Tea-picking Opera has a strong local flavor of Gannan and Hakka characteristics, with beautiful and melodious singing, among which "Bamboo Turtle Tune" and "Ten Red Army Sent" adapted from "Sending Lang Tune" are widely sung and famous all over the country. Xingguo Mountain Song became famous in the revolutionary struggle more than half a century ago, and played an important role in the establishment and consolidation of the red regime. The song "One Mountain Song for Three Divisions" has been popularized, and the song "Good Style of Soviet Cadres" has been sung throughout the Soviet area and is still being sung today. (Editor: Zhong Lie Liang)
Gannan Tea-picking Opera and Xingguo Mountain Song
Gannan Tea-picking Opera
Gannan Tea-picking Opera originated in the area of Jiulong Mountain in Anyuan County, Jiangxi Province, with a history of about 300 years. It is based on the "Nine Dragons Tea Light", absorbing other folk arts in Gannan and gradually forming. The popular areas are mainly Gannan, northern Guangdong and western Fujian, and it has also spread to Guangxi Guinan. It is one of the most representative tea-picking operas in Jiangxi.
There are more than seventy traditional repertoires in Gannan Tea Picking Opera, such as Picking Tea in Jiulong Mountain, Counter Affection, Going to Guangdong, Selling Groceries, Wang San Selling Meat and so on, and most of them have been lost. Most of them have been lost. After the liberation, there are "Mending Leather Shoes", "Old and Young Match", "Lacquer Maker Marrying a Daughter", "Playing the Fragrant Dragon", "Losing Embroidered Shoes" and so on. Tea Boys Play Master" (i.e., "Picking Tea on Nine Dragons Mountain") and "How to Talk About It" have been filmed as opera films; "Pretty Sisters" and "Tea Picking Songs" have won awards in the National Folk Song and Dance Performances.
The music of Gannan tea-picking opera belongs to the minor key linkage. It is divided into four categories according to the styles, strings, modes and uses of the different songs: the tea cadence, the lamp cadence, the road cadence and the miscellaneous tunes, which are called the "valiant" songs. Spot.
The Gannan Tea Casting Opera was formed and developed on the basis of folk songs and dances, so it has a strong flavor of life and labor and a distinctive Gannan local style. It has a large number of traditional plays starring the "three little ones" (the youngest, the youngest, and the youngest clown).
The Gannan Tea-picking Opera later absorbed some robe and belt operas, and although it increased the number of Lao Sheng and Lao Dan, the performance was not as distinctive as that of the "small opera". Famous actors and actresses include Xu Rongxiu, Ding Junior, Li Baochun, Huang Yuying and so on.
Xingguo Mountain Song
Xingguo Mountain Song is a Han folk song.
Located in the old district of Gannan Xingguo County, because of its fifty-four **** and the country's generals and reputation nationwide, known as the "Generals County", but also because of its famous "Xingguo Mountain Songs" and famous far and wide, known as "the township of the song" reputation. The township of the song" reputation.
According to legend, Xingguo Mountain Song "started in the Tang Dynasty, Song Dynasty", so far has a history of more than 1,300 years. Hakka ancestors on both sides of the Trough River, through the vicissitudes of life, life and death, regardless of the river network wilderness, high mountains and dense forests, "aiya le" song this and that, never stop. Troublesome river, everyone is a singer, everywhere heard singing. As for some professional singers, but also exported, as far as astronomy and geography, three kings and five emperors, close to the oil, salt and rice, men and women married, everything sings, some can even sing the whole book of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin.
Xingguo mountain songs are roughly divided into two types: one is the mountain fields and fields and each other sing songs, called the remote singing body mountain songs. Its basic format is seven words and four lines. However, some singers, like to add a rhyme at the end of the same sentence, the previous sentence to deepen the role of complementary, into five sentences, commonly known as "three down board", which is a variation of the seven-sentence four-sentence body; the other type of singing with the nature of the song, mostly in the jumping wizard, temple fairs, agricultural wedding and funeral occasions sung, generally referred to as indoor mountain song. Indoor songs are mainly narrative songs, which are composed of three parts, namely, song head, song belly and song tail, and have the typical traditional features of phoenix head, pig's belly and leopard tail. The beginning of the song is usually one or two picaresque lines, used to start the song and set the rhyme; the end of the song is a short and powerful sentence, which is the finishing touch and reveals the theme; and the core of the whole song is the belly of the song. Song belly content can be unlimited expansion, as little as three or five sentences, more than one or two hundred sentences, depending on the singer's "belly talent" and the development of the storyline needs. However, whether it is a remote singing body or indoor mountain song, have a **** the same distinctive features: improvisation. That is, the scene, temporary compilation, the export of logic. Therefore, the level of Xingguo mountain song, mainly depends on the singer's ability to improvise. Good singers, often can be wonderful words, received the effect of the climax. In the form of singing, xingguo shangsong has a different from other shangsong's distinctive features, the beginning of each song, "aiya le", with a strong sense of musical melody, with the excitement of the feelings erupted out of the song has a sound like a big water wave, rushing and stirring, there is a cascade of the momentum. In the middle of the song abdomen division, ups and downs, different singers, the formation of their own different singing styles, or high-pitched excitement, or low very gentle; and sung to the end of the sentence before, there is an echo language "liver brother (sister)", now known as "comrade brother (sister)", with the beginning of the "aiya le", the "aiya", the "aiya", the "comrade brother (sister)", and the "aiya", the "aiya", the "aiya", the "aiya" and the "aiya". The "aiya le" echo, forming a complete, unique singing style of Xingguo Mountain Song. Narrative songs, due to the longer length, often using two people singing or three people singing (commonly known as the three beat iron) form of singing. Singer with a small gong, in each fall board (drag cavity), hit the small gong for a moment, one to facilitate the singer to take a breather; the second for the singer to brew the manuscript to provide a moment of thinking time; three to play a kind of "through the door" to the role of the tune.
Xingguo Mountain Song inherited the traditional fugue, than, Xing creative techniques, and in the long-term singing practice, constantly enriched and developed, and thus has a distinctive local characteristics. In the form of expression, there are pair of flowers, guessing flowers, lock song, disk song, praise song, pick up the heel, throw off the sound, embroidery pouch, vine entangled in the tree, tree entangled in the vine, and so on, in a variety of forms, lively and vivid, easy to use, flexible and changeable. As a result, for thousands of years, has never ceased to be popular, loved by the masses.
Xingguo mountain song although long renowned, however, really make Xingguo mountain song to give new life, and make it on the stage of the times, but the second domestic revolutionary war. In that jingo iron horse in the lofty years, where there is fighting, where there is a loud and clear song, Xingguo song along with the Red Army victory in battle again and again, sung all over the Gannan Minxi base area. Revolutionary war of the fire, forging a number of heroic models, but also hammered out a number of red singers. Xie Changbao, the chairman of Changgang Township Soviet, and Zeng Zizhen, a member of the county Soviet, were among the outstanding representatives. Their songs, sung to the Chinese All-Soviet Congress, Mao Zedong, Chen Yi and other comrades have personally praised them as "king of the song", is called the Xingguo mountain song banner and model. Comrade Hu Yaobang, a proletarian revolutionary of the old generation, personally created the song, more Xingguo mountain song to add glory and color.
The early thirties, the jiangxi su area military and civilian in extremely difficult conditions for five anti-"siege" struggle. Women in Xingguo County sent their loved ones to the front line with their new straw shoes and new songs. "Aiya come! The sound of artillery fire comes to the sound of the battle cry, a mountain song you listen to, quickly with the enemy to fight to the death, the Red Army brother! We will fight the enemy to the death, Brother Red Army! We will fight to the city of Nanchang, Fuzhou." The warm and spirited song stirred the hearts of the soldiers, who replied with a mountain song: "Aiya Lai! The song comes from Xingguo City, the words are sung to move people, and the soldiers in front are so excited, comrades! More vigor to kill the enemy." Song after song, the people and the army encourage and motivate each other. Songs into the power of struggle, inspire people to kill the enemy. Xingguo County was a model county in the Central Soviet Area at that time, and the mountain songs of Xingguo also immortalized the history of revolutionary music. Xingguo mountain song music is smooth, free, rich in local characteristics. It is the most characteristic of the song in the beginning of the song there is a shout before the song cavity "aiya come", the melody in the highest tone on the prolongation of the beginning to give a person a kind of warm, unrestrained feeling. Xingguo songs sung by a wide range of content, in addition to singing men and women in love and labor life in the old days, but also often sing historical stories, legends and news, sometimes improvised singing, sometimes a long narrative, in a variety of forms. After liberation, many of the revolutionary history of Jinggangshan, Gannan base area as the theme of the musical works often use it as material to create his, such as the "Red Army base area chorus", "Jinggangshan chorus" and so on.