I prefer the magnificent natural landscape, and seldom visit gardens. However, wandering in the Yuyuan Garden, with the eyes captured a pool, a stone, a pavilion, a hall, an eaves and a corridor, winding paths, carved beams and painted buildings, flying dragons whistling sky, can not help but be intoxicated by the delicate and subtle without losing the atmosphere of the design of the layout, obsessed with the exquisite and elegant material workmanship for the designer's ingenuity sigh of admiration, was amazed by the owner of the park's wealth, but also cannot help but surging up to the heart of the inquiry: The owner of the garden was amazed by the wealth of the owner and could not help but inquire: "This is by no means the work of an idle man, who is its owner?"
The three main plaques hanging in the hall at the main entrance of Yuyuan are "City Mountain Forest," "Lintai Jingji," and "Three Spikes Hall".
Pan Yunduan was a scholar in the forty-first year of the Jiajing period of the Ming dynasty (1562), served as the Minister of the Ministry of Criminal Affairs, Sichuan right Buzhengzhongzhi, equivalent to the current head of the Ministry of Justice, the Governor of Sichuan Province, more powerful, his father Pan En is even more powerful, the official to the Ministry of Criminal Affairs Shangshu, the left royal inspector general of the Metropolitan Police Force (the equivalent of the Minister of Justice, the highest procurator of the Prosecutor General's Office).
Pan En in the second year of Jiajing (1623) in the bachelor's degree, is the same year to bring down Yan Song's famous cabinet minister Xu Jie (Xu Jie tanhua and first). He was a native of Huating County, Songjiang Province, and the Yuyuan area was part of Shanghai County, Songjiang Province. In addition to being in the same year, they were also from the same hometown, and their relationship was not ordinary.
The Pan family in the Ming Dynasty is a famous family in Shanghai, Pan En and his eldest son Pan Yunzhe, the second son Pan Yunduan are all scholar, there is "a door three scholar" reputation.
The Yuyuan Garden covered an area of more than 70 acres.
Jiajing Jiwei (Jiajing 38, 1559), Pan Yunduan failed the examination, disappointed and returned to the family home Shichun Hall west of dozens of acres of fruit and vegetable land, "gathering stones and chiseling pools, pavilions Art Bamboo," the beginning of the construction of the Yuyuan Garden.
Three years later, Pan Yunduan finally won the gold list, won the scholar. Since then, he has been a eunuch for fifteen years, and had no time to build a garden. In 1577, Pan Yunduan resigned from his post and returned to his hometown, where he began to focus on building the garden.
By that time, his father, Pan En, had also returned to his hometown, and the garden was named Yuyuan, "for the pleasure of the old man".
Not only is the garden named "Yuyuan", the entire layout of the garden is also to "entertain the old relatives" "Leshou Hall" as the center. The word "Leshou" is taken from the Analects of Confucius, "Those who know are happy, and those who are kind live long", which means that they wish their parents a long and happy life.
Leshou Tang is now the San Sui Tang, described in the book Leshou Tang:
However, "Contempt, the construction of Leshou Tang was intended to entertain the old parents, but even to the thinness of the offense, the old parents are not as good as a look at its completion, the real end of the day hate."
Pan En in the Wanli ten years (1582), driving a crane to the west, failed to see Le Shou Hall completed. And a "Yuyuan", a "when the old pro goblet between", a "really hate the end of the day", but also enough to see the Pan Yunduan heart of love.
At this time from the Pan Yunduan began to build the garden has been the past twenty-three years, from his "Shu clan ribbon to return, a desire to expand" has been the past five years, which can also be seen in the size of the garden, the cost of the more.
The right room of Le Shoutang at that time is "five can be Zhai", five can be Zhai's name explains why Pan Yunduan resigned from the government to go into hiding. He compared being an official to being a chicken ribs: there are relatives to serve, there are children to teach, there are fields to plow, there are mountains to woodcut, and there are zones to fish, so why be greedy for chicken ribs?
Pan Yunduan is quite a thought, and the family is big, coupled with the sidelining of the powerful, the career is not good, so go home and do what you want to do, what you like to do.
"Every year, the plow harvest, as much as the capital of the camp." "Hobbies become a hobby, nothing in the regret." In this way, year after year, finally in the Wanli eighteen years (1590), built this fine look at the elegant and elegant, from a distance to see the magnificent garden, which was recognized as "Southeast Garden Crown", "Chixiu A in the Southeast".
At this time from the death of his father and the past eight years, Pan Yunduan can be said to have devoted half his life's energy.
Build and stop, stop and build more than 30 years, built what extraordinary scenery?
First of all, this "Jade Linglong", the text said "Xuanhe leakage", "Xuanhe" is the year of Song Huizong Zhao Ji, Song Huizong for their own garden in Kaifeng, to the southeast of Jiangsu and Zhejiang to scavenge and plunder. Jiangsu and Zhejiang to raid and seize the exotic flowers and trees, jagged stones, provoking public anger, the outbreak of the peasant revolt, the collection did not have time to transport away from the Taihu Lake stone stayed in the south of the Yangtze River. "Jade Linglong" is one of them, and is "the stone of A".
Pan Yunduan since its love, jade Linglong the bottom of the year engraved with the word "Yuhua" two words, take the meaning of the essence of jade, Pan Yunduan to study their own study room, named "Yuhua Hall". In the last sixteen years of his life, he kept eight volumes of Yuhuatang Diary, which is now hidden in the Shanghai Museum.
Jade Linglong is the garden of Yuyuan's treasure, and Suzhou Ruiyunfeng, Hangzhou Crepe Cloud Peak and known as the three famous stones in Jiangnan. About 3 meters high, about 1.5 meters wide, about 80 centimeters thick, weighing about 3 tons, the most leakage of Taihu Lake stone, through the signs. Ancient people have said: "to a furnace of incense at the bottom of the stone, hole smoke out; to a pot of water irrigation stone top, hole spring flow." Incense smoke curls rise in all directions, the spring murmurs around the body splash, wonderful.
Secondly, the garden of the rockery, using Zhejiang Wukang yellow stone, hired the Ming Dynasty famous stacking expert Zhang Nanyang design and production. The most famous "big fake mountain", the mountain is 14 meters high, about 60 meters wide, about 40 meters deep, "strange peaks, steep walls and ravines".
Mountain top Wangjiang Pavilion, "down to see the Xishan Pavilion Pavilion Pavilion, if the wind riding gas and overlooking the world". It was surrounded by a flat river and was said to offer a spectacular view of the Huangpu River.
This large rockery is the only real work of Zhang Nanyang that has not been destroyed by the war. Nowadays, with all the tall buildings, ancient trees and lush vegetation, it is no longer as majestic as it was in the old days.
Then there is now the Nine Curved Bridges, Lake Pavilion area are the territory of the Yuyuan Garden, ten thousand bamboo surrounded by a full pool of lotus color.
The bamboo forest is verdant, bamboo leaves rustle, birds chirp. Lotus flower pavilion, half-open not open, lotus leaf field, wind and moon boundless. Canoeing on the pool, wandering in between, red flowers and green leaves, want to send back to welcome, "fish play between the lotus leaves. Fish play lotus leaf east, fish play lotus leaf west, fish play lotus leaf south, fish play lotus leaf north." With the fish with the play, childlike elegance, not happy!
Pan Yunduan, "Yuyuan", the text is mainly realistic, not too many words, however, to spend half of his life's work, he is still quite proud, although not dare with the great poet and painter Wang Wei's Rim River, Chancellor Li Deru's private villa, compared to the Pingquanzhuang, " and flowers and stones suitable for viewing, the room of the body, the boats and oars along the pan, but also the other side of the river, and the other side of the river, and the other side of the river. "
Let's pretend that he "does not know the true face of Yuyuan, only born in this garden", to see the contemporaneous Shanghai celebrities, great painters and calligraphers Dong Qichang made "Leshoutang song for the Pan Taihong birthday" poem depicted in the scene (Pan Taihong is the fourth son of Pan Yunduan, and Dong Qichang is a son and daughter of the family. (Pan Taihong was the fourth son of Pan Yunduan, and Dong Qichang was his daughter's relative):
Wonderful, perilous, beautiful, extensive, spiritual, interesting, immortal, broad, Pan Yunduan pursued his hobby to the extreme. However, the peak and decline, from the Pan family went downhill, fulfill the "history of the former sage country and family, into by hard work and thrift broken by luxury."
Its in the "Yuyuan" at the end of the text sigh and pen: "the operation of a number of years, the family business for the virtual, although the Yu hobby into a fetish, nothing to regret, can be a scholar YinYan. If the remaining children and grandchildren, but always warn the former rut, no cultivation of a soil, planting a wood , it is good."
Once produced "every year," the vegetable garden, now into the moment open mouth swallowing money "slot machine", inside and outside, the difference is big to go.
Pan Yunduan in the world has been difficult, after his death, his children and grandchildren even if they want to "cultivate a soil, planting a wood" has been unable to do. Because the garden management and repair costs a lot of money, the Pan family could not make ends meet, had to sell their properties, to his grandchildren, Yuyuan has been easy to Zhang (his brother's grandson-in-law Zhang Zhao Lin, the late Ming Dynasty as the General Secretary of the Senate).
Over the past hundred years, most of the beauty of the Garden was destroyed in the war, coupled with the change of dynasties, divided into different hands, the grandeur is no longer. After the founding of New China, through 1956, 1982, two major repairs, Yuyuan Garden to today's face in front of us, although only 30 acres, has been breathtaking.
"See him up Zhu Lou, see him feast guests, see him building collapse!" Yuyuan long river like history, such as a movie flashed in front of the eyes, can not help but rise up the posterity of the sadness of the restoration of the sigh.
Pan Yunduan when he first built the Yuyuan must not have expected to lose the family business, however, even if it is expressed in the record to warn future generations, but also can not stop the pace of defeat. Its introspection for the "addiction", this addiction is not a bad thing, however, too much of everything is not enough, once into the addiction, how good the addiction will no longer be a good thing.
"The Qin people do not have time to mourn themselves, and the future generations to mourn, the future generations to mourn and not learn from it, but also to make the future generations to mourn the future generations also!"
The existence of "greed, anger and dementia" in human nature, the descendants of those who mourn the descendants, but also never stop!
The country is like this, the family is like this, people are not like this, as a warning.
The western part of the house, the old vegetable beds several beds. Jiajing fifties, the next spring officials, a little bit of polystone chiseling pools, pavilion art bamboo, hanging twenty years, repeatedly made repeated stops, no results.
Wanli dingchou, Shu clan cord return, I want to enrich the top. The ground plus fifteen, the pool plus seventeen chiseled. Crops every year, all for the capital of the camp. When the old pro goblet singing between, and the garden gradually called the victory area carry on.
The east side of the garden frame building several rafters, to separate the clamor of the city, three pillars for the door, the plaque said "Yuyuan", to take the pleasure of the old relatives also.
Entry westbound can be a few wu, and then get the door said "gradual improvement", the west can be twenty wu, folded and north, erected a small workshop, said "people's realm of kettle day". After the workshop to get the stone beam, vault across the water, the beam after all and the high city wall in the trap, the stone engraved with four seal characters, said "huanzhong daikou".
Following the city wall east-west line, the hall said "Yuhua", before the strange stone, said "jade Linglong", cover the stone products of the armor, rumored to be Xuanhe leakage, because of the name of the hall.
The hall after the Xuan a pillar, Zhu threshold in front of the stream, when the bait fish under it, said "fish music".
From the Xuan and the west, the corridor can be thirty Wu, and then get the door said "Cui Xiang", boulders clamped stand as if the pass, in the hidden broad court, vertical several Ren, Hengyuan times, Charlotte to the stone such as the main stone, left and right tired of strange stones, hidden up for the rocky slopes and valleys, the famous flowers and rare trees, juxtaposed in the list; the front from the large pool, limited to the stone appendage, there are five pillars of the hall, the hilly front, said "Le Shou Tang", quite good at the beauty of red earth carvings.
The left room of the hall is said to be "full four fast", by the name of the Yu if the number and the title, as the string Wei-pei also.
The right room is said "five can be fast", then in the past to the crime of Huai Cao, bitter drive, a book please in the old relatives said: unseemly since we have a pro can be a matter of fact, there are children can be taught, there is a field can be plowed, and why love the chicken ribs for.
Than the first of the year Ding ugly, dreaming of the gods to give a side of jade chapter, on the book "there are mountains can be woodcutting, there are ze can be fishing", but the month that there is a solution to the official's life, so together and reveal fasting.
Contempt, Le Shou Tang's construction, this is to entertain the old relatives, but even to force thin offenses, the old relatives less than a look at its success, the real end of the day hate.
The pool has an island in the center of the stand, there is a pavilion called "Teal Unknown". The island of the sun peaks and peaks, bamboo trees sheltered loss, the South Mountain.
By the "five can" and the west, the south is the "mediator", the east is the "Drunken Moon Building", which can be more than a hundred under the repair corridor zigzag martial arts. From the south and west to the north, there are three pillars of the building said "Zhengyang", under the book room, left and right books can retreat.
The former accumulation of Wukang stone for the mountain, Junjie Xiurun, quite pleasant to watch. Climbing west of the building for the pavilion road, belonging to the layer of buildings, said "pure sun", the pavilion on the top of the Lu Xian, Yu Rang Kui, occasionally with the fairy drop, so the old pro-order to Zheng Yang for the little word.
The middle level is the Qiyang earth god's shrine, cover the old pro keep Qizhou, dreaming of God hand two Gui, with two children to say: God because of the doctor's favor Qinliu, this is the son. Has been born Yu brothers, the old relatives have ordered Yu brothers to worship. The language of the shrine record.
From the cabinet and down for the "stay spring nest", south of the grapevine. Follow the shelf and the west, the degree of the short bridge, through the bamboo mound, there are a hundred plants, overlooking to cover the Cabinet, said "Yuhin". Yuhin and east for the "Guanhou Ancestral Hall".
Out of the shrine eastbound, high and low winding back, for the Gang, for the ridge, for the stream, for the hole, for the ravine, for the beam, for the beach, can not be remembered, each extremely interesting.
Half of the mountain for the "Mountain God Shrine", the shrine east of the pavilion northward said "Yixiu", Yixiu in the col of the peaks, under the large pool, and Le Shou Tang look at the mountain line to this, to take to rest.
By the pavilion and the east, to get the big stone cave, deep and remote meet [gòu], several with Zhang Gong, good volume balance. From the hole back out for the "Da Shi Nunnery", the east side of the Zen room five pillars, monks to the end, can be a tin.
Out of the nunnery door peaks stand, if the gnarled, if the play horses, the Court clouds in the way of the moon, cover the highest place in the South Mountain, looking down on the Xishan Pavilion Museum, if the wind riding gas and overlooking the world, a truly bizarre situation.
From the mountain path northeast down, over the "shadow pavilion", circling between the rocks. Turn to the north, get the hall three pillars, said "will King Hall", the left through the "snow nest", the right embellished water Xuan.
Out of the meeting of the King, the degree of curved beam, repair can be forty paces, the beam to the so-called broad court, and Le Shou to the face of the victory in all of this carry forward.
Le Shou Hall of the west, the construction of the shrine three pillars, the Lord of the gods under the Gaozu, in order to lay the enjoyment. Behind the hall, a square pond was cut and Nymphaea was planted, surrounded by a wall, behind which ten thousand bamboos were cultivated, and outside the bamboos, a long canal was built, so that the east and west could reach the front pond, and the boats could go around it and flood it.
Le Shoutang of the east, don't for the hall three pillars, said "Rong and", qin book Ding Yi, mixed between them, there are five pillars of the building, said "Yi evening building", the building next to the public bathhouse [bì] savory, it is the rest of the rest of the house carry on.
Rong with the Church East, for the room a district, living in the quarter of Yunxian, will be its fixed province, its Hall said "love day", Zhi Yang also.
For the most part, the garden does not dare to say that Rim River, Pingquan than, and the flowers and stones of the appropriate view, the room of the body, the oars along the pan, but also enough to send the flow of the scene and enjoy the rest of the year carry on.
The operation of a number of years, the family business for the virtual, although I am addicted to hobbies, nothing to regret, can be a scholar to learn. If the remaining children and grandchildren, but the permanent warning of the previous rut, no cultivation of a soil, planting a tree, it is good.
I would like to thank Han Han for sponsoring the article and instructing the teacher!
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