City Emblem
Berlin (German: Berlin), the capital city of Germany, is also Germany's largest city, with about 3.4 million current residents. Berlin is located in northeastern Germany and is surrounded on all sides by the state of Brandenburg. The Spree and Havel rivers flow through the city. The city of Berlin is also one of Germany's sixteen United States states, and is therefore also known as the State of Berlin, along with the cities of Hamburg and Bremen, which are Germany's city-states.
Chinese Name: Berlin
Foreign Name: German: Berlin
Category of Administrative Regions: Foreign Capitals
Region: Federal Republic of Germany
Geographic Location: Northeastern Germany
Area: 883 km2
Population: 3.4 million
Famous Attractions: Brandenburg
Brandenburg
The city is also one of the sixteen states of Germany. Sights: Brandenburg Gate, Limburger Strasse, Charlottenburg Palace, Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church
Mayor: Klaus Woeweleit
Time zone: CET (UTC+1)
Daylight saving time: Central European Summer Time (UTC+2)
Population: 3,415,742 (2007-11-30 )
Population density: 3,818 people per square kilometer
Berlin reinvents itself
As a world-class city at the center of the European continent, Berlin has never been more creative and vibrant. Every year Berlin attracts millions of visitors to the city and represents the image of Germany in the eyes of the world as an open, cosmopolitan and hospitable metropolis. Happy and spirited, energetic and perhaps a little bit reckless, tolerant and friendly, relaxed and casual. "The whole of Berlin is like a white cloud." It's an old adage, but it's apt.
Europe's creative metropolis: from the traditional to the offbeat
Regents have come and gone, but Berlin has survived, and now, more than 20 years after the Wall came down, it's a new and great era. Creative capital, mecca for artists from all over the world, city of landscapes, city of fashion, city of design and city of music, Berlin has been called all sorts of things, but of course the city has much more to offer the world.
The city's evolution can be clearly seen in its architecture, such as the bold, grandiose design of the premier Potsdamer Platz, a monument to postmodernism. This environment shaped Berlin's creative atmosphere, fostered the development of original ideas, and fostered the will to create at a rapid and unrelenting pace, thus best portraying the new Berlin.
Whether during the Prussian Empire or the Golden 20s, Berlin was a place where creativity flourished, and where theater, dance, literature, minstrelsy, music, painting, every form of art and every form of art reinvented itself. s reinvention of itself
As a world-class city at the center of the European continent, Berlin has never been more creative and vibrant. Every year Berlin attracts millions of tourists to the city and represents the image of Germany in the eyes of the world as an open, cosmopolitan and hospitable metropolis. Happy and spirited, energetic and perhaps a little bit reckless, tolerant and friendly, relaxed and casual. "The whole of Berlin is like a white cloud." It's an old adage, but it's apt.
Europe's creative metropolis: from the traditional to the offbeat
Regents have come and gone, but Berlin has survived, and now, more than 20 years after the Wall came down, it's a new and great era. Creative capital, mecca for artists from all over the world, city of landscapes, city of fashion, city of design and city of music, Berlin has been called all sorts of things, but of course the city has much more to offer the world.
The city's evolution can be clearly seen in its architecture, such as the bold, grandiose design of the premier Potsdamer Platz, a monument to postmodernism. This environment shaped Berlin's creative atmosphere, fostered the development of original ideas, and fostered the will to create at a rapid and unrelenting pace, thus best portraying the new Berlin.
Whether during the Prussian Empire or the Golden 20s, Berlin was a city where creativity flourished, and where theater, dance, literature, minstrelsy, music, painting - every form of art and every form of art - had an impact for decades and even centuries. influence on the city for decades, if not centuries.
Berlin also has countless museums, most of which are located in the eastern part of the city, just below the bustling Unter den Linden, showcasing the city's artistic and cultural splendor. But today things have changed once again: 20,000 painting artists have made art ubiquitous, as you can feel in the many backyards of trendy districts such as Kreuzberg or Prenzlauer Berg, in galleries of all sorts and on the walls of houses and art centers.
Berlin is also one of the most vibrant and important strongholds in the independent art world, with world-class congresses and fairs taking their place in the city. Whatever your expectations: you always get what you pay for in Berlin. This is not only because Berlin is a city of moderate prices, but also because it is an upstanding city with good value for money. When you try the famous Currywurst, a Berlin specialty, in one of the city's many snack bars, you'll be able to conclude that the people of Berlin are indeed decent, honest and simple. You'll be delighted and will be a loyal repeat customer of Berlin and its people for years to come.
The other side of Berlin: rivers, lakes, beaches, forests
There is also a place for pure relaxation in Berlin. Not only are there parks in the inner city, such as Tiergarten Park or the Charlottenburg Palace Gardens, but there is also Germany's largest urban forest, with around 29,000 hectares, where you can stroll to your heart's content. In the city, 360 kilometers of riverside walks along 13 lakes and five rivers lead visitors to a world of tranquility away from the hustle and bustle of the metropolis. The meandering lakes of Lenk and Wannsee, the wide Havre River, and Berlin's largest lake, the Müggelsee, in the southeast of the city - these lakes and their surrounding greenery are nature's paradise.
Architectural features of Berlin
A bird's eye view of Berlin, surrounded by forests, lakes and rivers, the city seems to be immersed in a sea of greenery, with the River Spree flowing gently through the city from the south. Alexanderplatz TV tower, surrounded by modern hotels, stores, conference halls, teachers' halls and other large buildings, majestic, beautiful shape. The Kurfürstendamm shopping street is 3 kilometers long and is lined with stores, dress stores and galleries.
The famous Bodhi Tree Street is the most famous boulevard in Europe. In addition, the Brandenburg Gate made of milky white granite, the 800-year-old Frauenkirche, the City Hall, the old buildings on Museum Island, the "Crystal Palace "*** and the State Palace, the Humboldt University and so on are also very famous.
The old Charlotte Castle Palace is surrounded by the Egyptian Museum, Museum of Antiquities, Museum of Early Prehistory and the Museum of Applied Arts and other important cultural buildings, which houses many precious relics and works of art. The old Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church has an octagonal Neue Chapel built directly beside it, and the silver-colored, clamshell-roofed Congress Hall, inaugurated in 1957, is one of the masterpieces of modern architecture.
Must-see sights in Berlin
*A corridor to history: the Brandenburg Gate
Designed by C.G. Langhans in 1788-1791, the Brandenburger Tor is located in the heart of the city, next to the Pariser Platz, and is a world-famous landmark in Berlin. It is a world-famous Berlin landmark. With the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961, the Brandenburger Tor remained an impenetrable gate for the next 28 years. As a sign and symbol of Germany's reunification, it unites the city's present and history. Supported by six Doric columns at the front and back, the Brandenburg Gate is open to pedestrians only. The famous statue of the goddess Quadriga was placed on the gate in 1794, showing the goddess Viktoria driving a four-horse, two-wheeled chariot.
*Elegant governmental institutions: the Government Quarter
A road across Wilhelmstra?e runs through the old and new Government Quarter (Regierungsviertel) and the Embassy Quarter (Bootschaftsviertel), leading to the Brandenburger Tor and the Reichstag building (Reichstag). The Government District is a clever combination of old and new buildings. The government quarter is a representative and elegant mix of old and new buildings, with the Federal Chancellery (Bundeskanzleramt) standing out. From here you can look out over the Reichstag, one of Berlin's most important sights. The glamorous round glass dome designed by British star architect Norman Foster is a magnet for tourists from all over the world.
*The star of the show: the Berlinale Film Festival
Like the Oscars in the United States, the Berlinale Film Festival is one of the city's biggest cultural events and one of the most important events in international cinema. This premier event of stars and newcomers, art and commerce, glitz and glamour, attracts 270,000 visitors and 4,000 journalists. 400 films compete for attention, often making their world or European premieres. It is a powerful gathering and a festival to meet and discuss cinema. International cinema, independent cinema, artistic cinema, young cinema, new discoveries in German cinema, "distant" cinema countries, experimental cinema: the Berlinale has it all.
*Treasure of mankind: Museum Island
The UNESCO World Heritage Site "Museumsinsel", situated in the center of Berlin, is one of the most attractive attractions for tourists from all over the world, even Berlin locals. One of the most important museum complexes in the world, it consists of the Altes Museum, the Neues Museum, the Alte Nationalgalerie, the Bode-Museum, and the Pergamonmuseum, and features exhibitions of An unparalleled collection of world-class cultural treasures takes visitors on a fascinating journey through art and culture from the Two Rivers Valley to Egypt, Greece, Rome, Byzantium, the Islamic world, the Middle Ages, modern times, and the Romantic period of the 19th century.
*The show never stops: Friedrichstadtpalast
The Friedrichstadtpalast is Germany's most highly recommended theater for traditional cabaret from the 1920s. It offers lavish cabaret, glamorous performances in light and color, and a wide range of dance and acrobatic shows that create splendor and glamour - and stars from all over the world have graced the stage in a culturally and historically rich setting. The theater, located near Friedrichstra?e Platz, has a capacity of nearly 1,900 and is used as a venue for media events of all sizes.
*Looking like Berlin once upon a time: Hackesche Hof
The Hackesche Hof is a unique setting that tells the story of Berlin-Mitte and the way of life it once was. It is the largest courtyard district in Germany and was designated a heritage building in 1977. This popular complex has revitalized a genuine part of old Berlin. A perfect blend of art galleries, cinemas, theaters, concert halls, pubs, restaurants, bars, cute little stores, and flagship stores of big companies, all in a colorful atmosphere of a typical Berlin backyard.
*Berlin Wall Museum by Checkpoint Charlie
The Berlin Wall Museum (Mauermuseum) opened to the public in 1962, shortly after the Wall was built. Located next to the legendary border crossing Checkpoint Charlie, it chronicles the history of Germany's division and is one of the city's most visited museums. A symbol of the struggle between world powers, Checkpoint Charlie was the most famous checkpoint in the inner city at the time. The Berlin Wall Museum next to Checkpoint Charlie features year-round exhibits on the history of the Berlin Wall and many related topics - from national security in the former GDR to opposition and resistance to the November 9, 1989, fall of the Berlin Wall.
*Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe
The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe (Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas), located at the northern end of Wilhelmstra?e near the Brandenburg Gate, is a silent memorial to the unspeakable crimes of Berlin. Berlin. On nearly 19,000 square meters of land, 2,711 pillars designed by New York architect Peter Eisenman stand. Underneath the undulating columns is an "Ort der Information" (Hall of Information), an exhibition on the persecution and murder of the Jews of Europe. It is a place of sorrow, a place of comfort, perhaps a place of forgiveness, but also a place that will never be forgotten.
*A place of quiet reflection next to the Lustgarten: Berliner Dom
Built on the northern part of Spreeinsel, Berliner Dom is the largest church in Berlin and one of the centers of the Protestant Church in Germany. The church is visited by thousands of national and international tourists every year, not least the parish and city residents. Designed and built by Julius Raschdorff between 1894 and 1905, the cathedral with its Baroque and Italian Renaissance heyday is one of the most important church buildings in Germany. The main entrance can be reached through a park path through the Lustgarten.
*Monument to peace: Kaiser-Wilhelm Memorial Church
Dedicated on September 1, 1895, the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Ged?chtnis-Kirche is a neo-Romanesque building with Gothic elements. Famous artists cast magnificent mosaics, reliefs and sculptures. The church was destroyed in an air raid in November 1943; the ruins of its tower were soon laid out as a monument and eventually became a landmark in the western part of the city. The new church, designed by Egon Eiermann and completed in December 1961, is famous for its blue glass walls and incredible interior sound: standing in the center of a metropolis of a million people, you can hear a pin drop on the floor.
*High-end goods and luxury: Inn 206
Luxurious and stylish clothing, cosmetics and interior decorations! Here you'll find DKNY, Etro, Strenesse, Gabriele Strehle, Gucci, Optiker B54, and Out of Asia home furnishings. The architecture of glass prisms, Mediterranean atriums and Venetian mosaics is something to savor. It's an absolute temple of high-end consumerism. Quartier 206 offers a selection of the most beautiful (and luxurious) objects, collectibles and clothing from around the world, some of which are "firsts" on the German market.
*2,000 years of German Jewish history
The Jüdisches Museum Berlin is a must-see for every Berlin visitor. Designed by architect Daniel Libeskind, this impressive museum invites you on a journey through German Jewish history with its permanent exhibition. In 13 period images from the Middle Ages to the modern day, visitors are introduced to everyday Jewish objects, artifacts, photographs, and letters, as well as interactive elements of Jewish culture in Germany and media stations that demonstrate the close connection between Jewish life and German history. The museum is supplemented and rounded out by a variety of thematic exhibitions.
*Deutsches Historische Museum
The present-day Deutsches Historische Museum consists of two buildings: the Zeughaus on Unter den Linden, a distinctive baroque building, hosts the "German History - In Pictures" exhibition, which is held throughout the year. The exhibition "Deutsche Geschichte in Bildern und Zeugnissen" (German History - Pictures and Witnesses), with more than 8,000 exhibits, tells the story of Germany in a European context. history in a European context. The moderne Ausstellungshalle, designed by the renowned Chinese-American architect I. M. Pei, is divided into four floors with a large number of special exhibitions on important historical events.
*Over time: the Jewish Cemetery at White Lake
The Jewish Cemetery at White Lake (Jüdische Friedhof Wei?ensee) is one of the most beautiful places in Europe. It reflects in a special way the prosperity of the Jewish community in the 19th and early 20th centuries, and at the same time tells the story of their destruction. Built in 1880, the cemetery has 115,000 graves, making it the largest surviving Jewish cemetery in Europe. In the 1970s, it was listed as a protected building. Honorary Jewish citizens rest beside the main road of the cemetery and in a specially constructed grave of honor; there is also a monument to the Jews murdered by the Nazis.
*A water sports paradise in lush greenery: Wannsee
When the sun shines, Wannsee is a magnet for Berliners. Not only is it a relaxing place for a stroll away from the big city, but it is also a real paradise for water sports enthusiasts. The Wannsee suburban train station (S-Bahnhof) is just a few minutes away. You can swim, dive, row, race, sail - all in the name of a relaxing day out. If you take a boat trip on the Wannsee, you'll be surrounded by magnificent gardens, and a number of small lakes and bays are perfect for lounging and picnics. And there's no better way to enjoy a Berliner Wei?e beer than in a tree-lined garden restaurant.
Editorial
About Berlin
Located in the Central European Plain, at the mouth of the Havre River where the Spree flows into the river, Berlin has a long history of 750 years and became the new capital of Germany in 1991.
Berlin's architecture is colorful and spectacular. People wandering the streets, everywhere you see an old cathedral, a variety of museums and towering high-rise buildings in the clouds. There is the splendid Baroque Friedrichplatz, the neo-classical Schenkel Theater, opulent palaces, and world-renowned modern architectural works. These beautiful and historical buildings, each with its own distinctive features, give a strong impression of Berlin's classical and modern, romantic and rigorous atmosphere. Berlin is a city of culture, with festivals taking place almost year-round, often transforming the streets into stages and pedestrians into spectators.
Berlin is one of the world's most important cultural and academic exchanges, with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, the Berlin Film Festival, the musical "Notre Dame de Paris", and many internationally renowned exhibitions and museums.
Berlin is located in northeastern Germany, surrounded on all sides by the state of Brandenburg. The Spree and Havel rivers flow through the city. Berlin is a major transportation hub in East and West Europe, less than 200 kilometers from the Baltic Sea in the north and from the Czech Republic in the south. Berlin is located in the heart of Europe and is the crossroads of East and West. The city covers an area of 883 square kilometers, of which parks, forests, lakes and rivers account for about a quarter of the total area of the city, and the whole city is surrounded by forests and meadows, just like a big green island. There are about 3.4 million residents, including about 300,000 homosexuals.
Berlin has been the capital of the "Germanic Empire" since the Prussian kingdom in the 19th century. Berlin became a trading town as early as the 13th century and developed into a local political, economic and cultural center in the 17th century. Before World War II, it was the capital and largest city of Germany. After the war, East and West Berlin went their separate ways and developed their own ways. 1990 saw the reunification of the two German states, which ended the situation of one city and two systems and made Berlin the capital of Germany again.
Berlin's economy and culture are very developed. A bird's eye view of Berlin, its surroundings are surrounded by forests, lakes and rivers, the city seems to be immersed in a sea of green. The Spree River flows gently through the city from the south. The Alexanderplatz TV tower, surrounded by modern hotels, stores, conference halls, teachers' halls and other large buildings, majestic, beautiful shape. The Kurfürstendamm shopping street is 3 kilometers long and is lined with stores, clothing stores and galleries. The famous Bodhi Tree Street is the most famous boulevard in Europe.
In addition, the Brandenburg Gate made of milky white granite, the 800-year-old Church of Our Lady, the City Hall, the old buildings on Museum Island, the "Crystal Palace" **** and the State Officials, the Humboldt University, etc. are also very famous. The old Charlotte Castle Palace is surrounded by important cultural buildings such as the Egyptian Museum, the Museum of Antiquities, the Museum of Early Prehistory and the Museum of Applied Arts, which houses many valuable artifacts and works of art. The old Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church is directly flanked by the octagonal Neue Chapel, and the silver-colored, clamshell-roofed Congress Hall, inaugurated in 1957, is one of the masterpieces of modern architecture.
Berlin is also one of the world's most important cultural and academic venues, with a modern international conference center. The biennial Berlin International Film Festival also attracts world-class movie stars and film lovers.
Berlin is a major industrial city in Germany, with major industrial sectors such as electronics, machine building, chemicals, printing, textiles and food processing.
Berlin is also an international transportation hub, with the opening of the Berlin-Postdam Railway in 1838, which kicked off the European Railway Age, and the world's first tramway in Berlin in 1881. The Berlin subway, built in 1897, was 75 kilometers long before the war, with 92 stations, one of the most complete subway systems in Europe. Today Berlin has three major airports, three international train stations, 5,170 kilometers of roads and a 2,387 kilometer public **** transportation network.
On April 5, 1994, Berlin and Beijing became sister cities.
Editorial
Geography
Berlin's location is in the plains of northeastern Germany, situated at the mouth of the river Spree, a beautiful tributary of the Elbe, which empties into the Havel. Berlin's geographical position is about 180 kilometers from the Baltic Sea in the north and 190 kilometers from the Czech Republic in the south, strangling the major traffic routes in East and West Europe, not only is the national transportation center, but also one of the very important transportation hubs of the battered continent.
Berlin has a total area of 878 square kilometers. The terrain is low and slightly undulating, with an average elevation of 35 meters above sea level, and a sandy stratum. The Spree River and a large number of lakes and canals dot the landscape, providing Berlin with abundant groundwater, and also making the Berlin area heavily forested. The highest natural point is located in Kreuzberg, 66 meters above sea level. The River Spree runs through the city and flows west into the River Havre. The latter meanders, forming a string of Havre lakes, the eastern end of the distribution of Lake Miguel and other lakes, large lakes become the city's water source, there are several large forests distributed in between. Because of the many forests, lakes, known as "forests and lakes of the capital".
Berlin has a temperate maritime climate. However, the warm and humid air masses of Western Europe keep the climate relatively warm in winter. Summers are pleasantly cool, and rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year.
Edit
Administrative divisions
Berlin was originally divided into 23 districts.In January 2001, Berlin implemented an administrative reform that merged the 23 districts into 12 districts (Bezirke). Each district was further subdivided into subdistricts (Stadtteile), which represent traditional urbanized localities. The reorganization of local governments continued after the administrative reform. Today, the 12 districts of Berlin together*** have 96 local authorities, each of which is made up of a number of kiezes (streets). Each of the 12 districts of Berlin has its own district council (Bezirksamt), with five councillors (Bezirksstadtr?te) and a mayor (Bezirksbürgermeister). The members of the district council are elected by the district assembly (Bezirksverordnetenversammlung). However, the districts of the city of Berlin are not an independent metropolis, as the district authorities have limited powers and are subordinate to the Berlin senators. The district governors of the districts are grouped together as the Council of District Governors and are led by the Mayor of the City of Berlin, who advises the Senator of Berlin.
Districts did not have their own governments.
Berlin*** is divided into 12 districts with the following administrative divisions:
1 Mitte
2 Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg
(Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg district) Friedrichshain- Kreuzberg
3 District Pankow
4 District Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf
5 District Spandau
6 District Steglitz-Zehlendorf Steglitz-Zehlendorf
7 Tempelhof-Sch?neberg
8 Neuk?lln Neuk?lln Berlin9 Treptow-K? penick
10 Marzahn-Hellersdorf district Marzahn-Hellersdorf
11 Lichtenberg district Lichtenberg
12 Reinickendorf district Reinickendorf
Editorial
Population Status
Total population (2007/11/30) 3,415,742 Berlin Population density 3,818/km? (9,889/mi?)
Urban area 3,700,000
Metropolitan area 4,262,480
Edit Paragraph
Natural Climate
The city of Berlin is located in the lowland plains of northeastern Germany, with an average elevation of less than 70 meters above sea level, and a high latitude, which results in cooler temperatures throughout the year, but Berlin is considered very beautiful even when it's freezing cold and the lakes are frozen over, although it can't be disputed that it's a good city to visit in the summer. Berlin because from May onwards, winter-like Berlin only began to warm up, and after September Berlin began to enter the "winter", so to travel to Berlin, it is best to avoid traveling in winter.
Berlin's climate is characterized by a transition between a temperate maritime climate and a temperate continental climate, with an average annual temperature of 9.4 degrees Celsius. Winters are colder, with an average temperature of -1°C in January; summers are cooler, with an average temperature of 18°C in July. The annual precipitation is 580 millimeters, which is evenly distributed during the year, but there is slightly more rain in summer. In winter, there is often snowfall, snowfall accounts for about 1/4 ~ 1/5 of the total annual precipitation. average annual snow period of 50 days.
Located in the North German moraine plain, the terrain is low and slightly undulating, the average elevation of 35 meters. The highest natural point is located in Croizburg, 66 meters above sea level. Spree River runs through the city, west into the Havre River. The latter meanders, forming a string of Havre lakes, the eastern end of the distribution of Lake Miguel and other lakes, large lakes become the city's water source, there are several large forests distributed among them. Because of the many forests, lakes, known as "forests and lakes of the capital".
Edit
History
Duchy of Brandenburg
Berlin is a very old city. It was originally a swampy area northeast of the Elbe with two settlements of West Slavic tribes, Berlin with the names Berlin (Berlin) and K?ln (C?lln). It was not until the 12th century, after the Germans had expelled the Slavs who had settled here, that the two villages and towns were established on the banks of the Spree and took on their Slavic names. Berlin, founded in 1237, was located on the east bank of the Spree and was a settlement of merchants, and Korn, on the west bank of the Spree, was a fishing village.
In 1307, Berlin and Koln were united as a single city under the name Berlin, which became an important commercial center under the Aska family, and in the 14th century Berlin joined the Hanseatic League, an important commercial alliance between the Baltic and northern Europe. But at this time Berlin was just a barbaric town on the frontier of the Holy Roman Empire.
In 1411, Frederick, a Hohenzollern from southwestern Germany, became governor of the border (Markgraf), quelled the wars in the region, and became Elector of Brandenburg. From 1415, Berlin became the capital of the Elector of Brandenburg, and from 1640 to 1688, Frederick William I (the Great Elector) created a cultural and artistic boom in the city with the construction of the Imperial Palace, the Armory, the Chapel, and the Palais de Potsdam, earning Berlin the reputation of being the "Athens on the Spree".
The Kingdom of Prussia
In 1701, Elector Frederick I was crowned King of Prussia, and Berlin became the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia. Beginning with Frederick William I and Frederick the Great in the 18th century, Berlin built a large number of baroque and rococo buildings to the west of the medieval old town, forming the new city center known in Berlin as "Friedrichstadt". On its western border are three squares and gates: Pariser Platz und Brandenburger Tor, Leipzig Platz und Potsdam Tor, and Belle-Alliance Platz und Hallesches Tor. Hallesches Tor).
Berlin was occupied by Austrian and Russian forces during the Seven Years' War and by French forces in 1806. Although the city was not badly damaged, Napoleon ordered the carriage of Victory on the Brandenburg Gate to be removed and shipped back to France, where it was returned only in 1814.
Beginning in the early 19th century, Berlin was again greatly expanded. The architects Langhans and Schinkel built numerous neoclassical monuments, such as the State Theater, the Museum of the Ancient World, the National Gallery, the Brandenburg Gate, the Bodhi Tree Street, and the many museum buildings on Museum Island: the Old Museum, the New Museum, the National Gallery, the Pagamonium, and the Museum of the Emperor Frederick. Berlin has earned the name "Athens on the Spree".
On the other hand, Linnaeus, the Prussian Royal Director of Gardens, made an excellent plan for the greening of Berlin, constructing a large-scale urban green belt centered on the Berlin Zoo, and building Berlin's "East-West Axis" consisting of the Lindenstrasse and Charlottenburger Strasse, which connects Berlin's eastern government district with the western business and garden districts. garden district in the west.
In 1810, the University of Berlin was founded. From 1837 onwards, Prussia began the process of industrialization, with the establishment of factories such as Siemens in Berlin, which was also the scene of an uprising during the 1848 revolution.
The German Empire
William I appointed Bismarck as prime minister in 1862, and in 1871 Berlin became the capital of the German Empire. In 1894, the Reichstag was constructed by the architect Valot. By the beginning of the 20th century, Berlin had reached the level of London, New York and Paris in terms of industry, economy and city building, and had become yet another world political, economic and cultural center. During this period Berlin built a large number of roads, bridges, subways and station buildings, luxury office buildings and commercial and residential districts, and in 1900 its population had reached 2.7 million.
Weimar*** and the State
World War I did not bring serious damage to Berlin, but in 1919 Berlin erupted into a workers' uprising and civil war. 1920 saw the Kapp riots. On April 27 of the same year, Berlin was merged with eight surrounding towns and 59 villages to form "Greater Berlin," whose population doubled overnight to 4 million. During the Weimar period, while suffering from the economic crisis of the 1920s, Berlin also entered a period of new ideas and new art, which was called the "Golden Age of Art" in Berlin.