The North Hall exhibits mainly the fine cultural relics in the collection from the end of the Qing Dynasty to 1989, and domestic and foreign scholars' knowledge of Xuzhou Han pictographs and familiar images of pictographs come from the relics exhibited in the North Hall. The Han pictorial stones on display are set in a 206-meter gallery and seven exhibition rooms. There are mainly portrait stones unearthed from Miao Mountain Han Tomb in Tongshan County, Qishan Han Tomb in Peixian County, Honglou Ancestral Hall in Tongshan, Liguo Han Tomb in Tongshan, Jiudun Han Tomb in Suining, and Shilipu Han Tomb in Xuzhou City, in addition to scattered collections of portrait stones from different historical stages of the Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China, and New China.
The first exhibition room display is Tongshan County, Tongshan Miao Han Tomb unearthed portrait stone, the tomb cleaned and excavated in 1956, the structure of the tomb for the front hall, the back of the room, all made of lapis lazuli masonry, *** there are 9 pieces of portrait stone, the content of music and dance, kitchen and banquet map, than the martial arts line music map, the Yan Emperor ascension to Immortality, the Yellow Emperor ascension to Immortality map, and so on. Among them to Yan, Huangdi ascension diagram is the most brilliant, Yan Di head wearing a hat, wearing a straw raincoat, holding Lei Plowshares, attracting the phoenix ascension; Huang Di bear head and body, spitting gas, the body of the wings, flying yellow, take yellow to ascend to immortality. The second exhibition room display is mainly tongshan county liu xinxiang stone coffin tomb and pei county qishan stone coffin tomb, these two tombs are restored display, the era of the late western han and wangmang period. 1977 cleanup and excavation of pei county qishan stone coffin tomb, the portrait content is very rich, there are paved the head of the ring, bo le xiang horse, hunting beasts, double que meet, evergreen tree, etc., fully expresses the east han dynasty early stone coffin tomb portrait content of the rich and varied artistic Characteristics. Among them, the image of the Queen Mother of the West is the earliest of the Han pictorial stones found so far. The picture of the Queen Mother of the West sitting upstairs with a few head ornaments, downstairs there are birds for its food, outside the building there are gods and godmen pounding medicine, above the building there are three-legged birds and nine-tailed foxes, and then engraved with a human head and snake body, horse head and body, bird head and body, and a sword-wearing elders bowing down to worship the Queen Mother of the West. On the right side of this portrait stone, there are engraved images of life content such as Eagle Shooting Figure, Building Inspirational Drum, Martial Arts Figure and Cockfighting Figure. The third exhibition room displays the Tongshan County scattered Han portrait stone, including Tongshan County, Qingshan Spring unearthed "textile map" for the collection of treasures. Xuzhou in the Han Dynasty, the textile industry is more developed, has been unearthed "textile map" 7, the Palace Museum, Museum of Chinese History, Xuzhou Museum, each stored a piece. Qingshanquan "textile map" for ordinary people's textile scene, from the picture can be seen weaving, yarn, shaking the whole process of weft, the loom on the woman is turning to pick up and hold the baby sent to the life is very strong. The fourth exhibition room **** display portrait stone 40, mainly focusing on Tongshan County, Honglou Han Tomb, Han Wang Han Tomb, Liguo Han Tomb unearthed Han portrait stone. Honglou portrait stone is mainly for the ancestral temple portrait, the content of the portrait of the "welcome to the banquet", "car and horse traveling map", "general meeting of the immortal advocate map" and so on. This batch of portrait stone painting is huge, carving technique is simple, rich in content. Such as the "General Association of fairy advocate figure" picture 1.1 meters high, 2.2 meters long, above the engraved Lei Gong rain division travel, elephant slave play elephant, turn stone into thunder, water people make snake, illusionist spit fire and other content, these contents and Zhang Heng, "Xijing Fu" in the description of the large-scale performance of a hundred plays at the time of the scene is very similar. Fifth room display 8 pieces of portrait stone are unearthed for Xuzhou City, Jiawang District, the content of rare birds and animals, feathered play unicorn, Nuo dance, Qin Shi Huang Surabaya tripod map, etc., the carving technique for the shallow relief, the era of the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Among them, "Surabaya tripod" is the most wonderful, this picture depicts the dragon biting off the tripod rope when the scene of tension. According to the Records of the Grand Historian (史记-武帝纪), "Yu collected the gold of the nine herdsmen and cast nine tripods to symbolize the nine states." The Nine Tripods are the symbols of the king's power. The Records of the First Emperor of Qin (《史记-秦始皇本纪》): The First Emperor of Qin toured the world and "passed through Pengcheng, fasted and prayed for an ancestral shrine, and wanted to put out the tripods of the Zhou Dynasty in Surabaya, so that thousands of people did not have water to seek for, but did not get." The water Jingji - Surabaya "recorded:" Qin Shi Huang, and the tripod is seen in the S water ...... system to go, not out, the dragon's teeth eroded its system." The 11 portrait stones displayed in the sixth exhibition room were unearthed from Suining Nine Maidens Dun Han Tomb, which is a large stone chambered tomb, cleaned and excavated in 1954. The contents of the portraits include green dragon, white tiger, carts and riders crossing the bridge, guests and masters feasting and drinking, attendants offering food, immortals lighting lamps, and jade exempted from guarding the tripods, etc. The portraits of the tomb are grand, rich in content and finely carved, vividly reflecting the scenes of the tomb owner's bells and tripods and food in his lifetime, his luxury and wealth, and his attempts to ascend to the immortal and enter the heavenly realm after his death. The portrait stones of the tomb are all plane pick ground line carving, the era of the late Eastern Han Dynasty. The seventh exhibition room displays the portrait stones unearthed in Shuanggou, Suining County, collected by Mr. Zhang Boying and donated by his descendants. Mr. Zhang Boying, a famous collector and calligrapher in the Republic of China, was born in Yuzhuang, Tongshan County. The Han portrait stones collected by Mr. Zhang Boying include the picture of ox plowing, Fuxi and Nuwa, and the pictures of gate and queue architecture, carriage architecture, etc. Among them, the picture of Ox Plowing reflects the image of the city. Among them, the Ox Plowing Diagram reflects the development level of agriculture at that time, and Guo Moruo, in his book "Chinese Historical Manuscripts", cited this Han pictorial stone as a relic marking the production level of the Han Dynasty. The South Hall was designed by Mr. Guan Zhaoye, a master architect and professor at Tsinghua University, and is situated on a hill, with the building hidden in the lush trees, highlighting the profound regional cultural characteristics of Han culture.
The theme of the new museum display is "Han Dynasty - Epic on the Stone", the exhibition is the new collection of cultural relics after 1990, there are "Divine Path and Heavenly Path, Ancestral Hall to Honor the Ancestors, Heavenly Workmanship, Han Stone Spring and Autumn, Thousand Autumn Palace, inscriptions" six major parts, with the collection of fine portrait stone, interpretation of Han culture contains the charm, interpretation of the soul of the two Han culture. Among them, the "Han Stone Spring and Autumn" part of the scientific classification, by 12 small units to show the Han Dynasty social clothing, food, housing, transportation, military campaigns, music and dance, myths and stories and other social conditions.
The Divine Path of Heaven
The Divine Path of the Han Dynasty is carved with stone que, stone monuments, stone pillars, stone people, evil spirits, stone tigers, stone horses, stone cows, stone sheep, etc. The stone que is the symbol of the Heavenly Gate, and the stone cow is the symbol of the Heavenly Gate. Stone que for the symbol of the Heavenly Gate, Paixie, stone horse body long wings, stone sheep on the ride on the immortal. Shinto stone carving is an outstanding representative of the Han Dynasty architecture, carving art, it is simple and simple on the basis of absorbing the three-dimensional perspective of Western sculpture, phase into the Han Dynasty round carving heavy, rounded, full, smooth artistic style.
Consecration of ancestors
Ancestral hall, also known as the temple, stone room, is the most important building on the ground in the Han Dynasty mausoleum area, but also the ancient people to honor the sky and ancestor, the main place of worship of the dead. Han Dynasty stone shrine construction is carved from stone, in the style of the pursuit of simplicity, symmetry, coordination, giving a person a sense of calm and dignified, especially in the treatment of the roof, with a large block of large stone "oak frame high zhang yu, openwork stone rafters tile roof, Shi Ping Tianzuo" (Li Daoyuan: "Shui Jingzhu"), the four walls of the system of work beautifully, engraved for the worship of the ancestors and create beautiful murals The four walls are beautifully crafted, with exquisite murals created in honor of ancestors. Picture stone ancestral halls are the comprehensive unity of painting, carving and architectural art, representing the highest achievement of Han Dynasty art. Han Dynasty shrines of different sizes and styles.
The heavenly craftsmanship
The Han pictorial stone is the art of combining painting and carving, and its artistic characteristics reflect the temperament and style of the times. "Han Xing, broken goblet for Won, carving for Park", the Han Dynasty painters have extraordinary artistic imagination, composition is not subject to the constraints of the external environment, will be different time, different space content in the same picture; in the creation of specific objects, deformation of the God, the shape of the God, do not look for similarity, but to seek similarity, the pursuit of the artistic realm of the chiaroscuro vivid. Carving art in the composition of the Han portrait stone beauty plays a very important role.
Han Shi Chunqiu
Han portrait stone, with realism, reproduced all aspects of social life in the Han Dynasty, showing people's attachment to real life; at the same time, with romanticism, to create a world of ghosts and gods in the people's fantasy, reflecting the pursuit of people after death. Silk country Tianyi, Han Chinese colorful Han portrait stone there are many depictions of the time "women repair weaving obeisance" of the textile scene. Clothing is a symbol of identity, well-dressed is the aristocracy must be cultivated, the Han Dynasty clothing system is characterized by the prominent features of the high crown, deep clothes for leisure at home, these images can be seen everywhere on the portrait stone. Han officials dress, embroidered Mandarin, colorful, that is, the so-called "chapter clothing" system. Cultivation and harvesting, food for the day The Han dynasty people pay special attention to food and food rituals and culture. A large number of images in the Xuzhou Han portraits show the food culture of the people at that time. In ancient times, the kitchen was located in the east of the main hall, so it was also called the "East Kitchen". Cao Zhi said in his poem "When the time comes, the great difficulty": "The day is short, there is more than happy, and I set up a jade bottle to do the East Kitchen". Albums, Palace Buildings A large number of existing Han Dynasty architectural sites are mostly stone structures such as Han Que and Ancestral Halls. But this period of architectural image of the data is very rich, a large number of Han Dynasty portrait bricks, portrait stone and Ming ware, the image of the real building, interior layout, as well as the layout of architectural groups to make the image of the specific additions. Li clothing Yang beautiful, music and dance in Xuzhou portrait stone common music and dance performances are long-sleeved dance, Jian drum dance, Nuo dance, etc., as well as large-scale square performances of the General Assembly of the Xian Initiative, acrobatic programs are also a wide variety of. Out of the carriage into the carriage, BMW carving car The main means of transportation in the Han Dynasty is the carriage and horse, while the carriage is the most popular subject matter in Han painting. The pictorial data of Xuzhou Han portrait stone carriage and horse traveling map can show the system of carriage and horse and the etiquette of welcoming in Han Dynasty. Sub Cao and enter, six Bo game The most common game content in Han painting stone for six Bo. Six Bo has a long history, the Eastern Han Dynasty Xu Shen "Shuo Wen" contained: "Ancient Wu Cao for Bo." The Shiben - Zuopan also says "Wu Cao made Bo". Wu Cao is Xia Jie's vassal, more than three thousand five hundred years ago. The game of "Bo" is a game where two people throw dice and count the number of chips. Life and death, male and female love Han portrait stone there are many manifestations of love between men and women in the content of the portrait. Such as the Cowherd and Weaving Maiden and other mythological stories. In the many love themes in the portrait, there are some with a realistic approach to the direct performance of men and women in love with the scene, there are men and women kissing figure, men and women coitus figure. Historical stories, suppressing evil and promoting goodness Xuzhou Han portraits have many historical stories, the content of its subject matter based on historical books and canonical books in the deep meaning of the story, the creation of the picture has a practical significance. This part of the content, carefully selected, to illustrate the history, expounding the feudal ethical righteousness, prophecy of the divine right of God, among which there are Confucius to see Laozi, Confucius asked the teacher, Confucius disciples, the Duke of Zhou to assist the King of Cheng, two peaches to kill the three soldiers, the first Emperor of Qin Surabaya to take the tripod, and so on. Most of these images are depicted in the ancestral halls, with the meaning of "warning the world of evil and showing the future goodness". Bodhi, the first spread of Buddhism Early Buddhists revered Buddha by using some kind of symbols to represent the World Honored One (such as the Tree of Wisdom). Therefore, when Buddhism was introduced to China at the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the only way for people to show their respect for the Buddha was to use the contents of Buddhist scriptures stories. Stopping Go for Martial Arts, Conquest and Cultivation of Soldiers Xuzhou Han portrait stone reflecting the practice of archery than martial arts, Geli athletic content is particularly rich. Eastern Han Dynasty from Jianwu nine years (33 years) to the first year of Yanxi (158 years), the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu a long, large-scale national war. The Han portrait stones record this major historical event. Myths and Legends Among the portrait stones are the Duke of the East and the Queen Mother of the West; three-legged birds and nine-headed beasts; the Kunlun Fairyland and rare birds and beasts, etc. The tomb is a place for the dead to live and work. As the burial place of the dead, the tomb room was regarded as the residence of the underworld in ancient times and was highly valued. Han Dynasty, the powerful family life gesture enjoyment, extreme desire, after death is revered thick burial, tomb room decoration prevails, according to the local natural conditions, choose different materials, camping different styles of burial. In addition to the reverence for ghosts and gods, superstitious good name of the wind is very prevalent, more than love to their own worship, adoration of things carved into paintings in the tomb. At the same time, Xuzhou near the abundance of limestone lapis lazuli, for the creation of portrait stone tombs provide a source of stone, therefore, many Han portrait stone shrines, tombs, will be prevalent in the Xuzhou area. Tablet Inscriptions There are many Han tablets in Xuzhou that are found in historical books or jinshi writings, among which eleven kinds of tablets have names that can be examined. Most of the Han inscriptions on the ground in Xuzhou are lost and unrecognized. Xuzhou found a number of Han Dynasty stone text, about more than 20 parties, some engraved on the portrait stone, called the inscription; some directly engraved on the stone, called the engraved stone. Han portrait stone, engraved next to the image, called the "list title", engraved outside the picture, called the "inscription", the contents of the inscription, including chronology, the tomb owner's name, identity, biography, construction costs, and so on.