1. Introduction to intangible cultural heritage (30 to 50 words)
my country’s world intangible cultural heritage
Kunqu Opera Chinese Guqin Art Xinjiang Uyghur Muqam Artistic Mongolian long-melody folk songs (joint application with Mongolia) On September 30, 2009, 22 new items were added: Chinese sericulture and silk weaving skills, Fujian Nanyin, Nanjing Yunjin, Anhui rice paper, Guizhou Dong songs, Guangdong Cantonese opera, "Geza" "Er" epic, Zhejiang Longquan celadon, Qinghai Regong art, Tibetan opera, Xinjiang "Manas", Mongolian Humai, Gansu Hua'er, Xi'an drum music, Korean peasant music and dance, calligraphy, seal cutting, paper-cutting, woodblock printing, traditional wood Structural construction techniques, Dragon Boat Festival, Mazu beliefs and customs. Introduction to my country's Intangible Cultural Heritage Wuhu Iron Painting Iron painting, also known as iron flower, is a specialty of Wuhu, Anhui Province, and is one of China's unique crafts. Iron paintings are various decorative paintings made of low carbon steel as raw materials, forged and welded by iron sheets and iron wires. It integrates various folk art techniques such as paper-cutting, carving, and inlay. It adopts the Chinese painting method, contrasts black and white, and combines virtual and real, giving it a special interest. The production of iron paintings originated in the Song Dynasty and became popular in the Northern Song Dynasty. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, the iron painting talent in Wuhu, Anhui Province came into its own and gradually became famous all over the world. Tiehua is forged using iron as ink, anvil as inkstone, and hammer instead of pen. The types of iron paintings are divided into three categories: one is small scenes, mostly with pine, plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum, eagle, etc. as themes. This type of iron paintings are framed with lining boards and hung on white walls, making them more dignified. Eye-catching. The second category is lanterns, which generally consist of 4 to 6 iron paintings, with paper or plain silk inside, and silver candles burning in the middle. They are dazzling and moving. The third category is screens, mostly landscapes, simple, elegant and spectacular. Wuhu is close to the Yangtze River and has convenient transportation. It was once one of the four major rice markets in China. The iron smelting industry has been very developed since ancient times. The developed iron smelting industry and superb forging skills provide an innate foundation and conditions for the creation of Wuhu iron paintings. Wuhu iron paintings use hammers as pens, iron as ink, anvils as paper, and forged iron as paintings, with uncanny craftsmanship and natural charm. Wuhu iron paintings are famous for their long history, unique style, exquisite craftsmanship and superb skills. Iron painting began in the Kangxi period of the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. It was created by Wuhu iron worker Tang Tianchi and Wuhu painter Xiao Chimu through mutual training. It has a history of more than 340 years. Wuhu iron painting originated from traditional Chinese painting. It has the basic artistic characteristics of the Xin'an School of painting, such as thin, vigorous and concise strokes, and cold and stubborn style. It is a purely hand-forged art. It is made of iron as raw material, which is smelted in a red furnace and then made by forging, drilling, lifting and pressure welding, filing, chiseling and other techniques. It has the charm of traditional Chinese painting and the three-dimensional beauty of sculpture. It also expresses the flexibility and ductility of steel. It is a unique style of art. Wuhu iron paintings have participated in the Paris World Exposition in France, the Plastic Art Exhibition in Budapest, Hungary, and have been exhibited in more than 20 countries and regions including Japan, Kuwait, Italy, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, and Hong Kong. From 1959 to 1960, the large-scale iron paintings "Welcome Pine" and "Meishan Reservoir" and the iron calligraphy "Qinyuan Spring·Snow" produced by veteran artist Chu Yanqing and several disciples were placed in the Great Hall of the People. Wuhu iron painting has gone through more than 340 years of inheritance and development. On the basis of the traditional small scenes, lanterns and screens, three-dimensional iron paintings, bonsai iron paintings, porcelain plate iron paintings and gold-plated iron paintings have been created, forming screens, murals There are more than 200 varieties in five series, including calligraphy, calligraphy, decorative furnishings and cultural gifts. With its unique artistic style and charm, it is unique in the art world. The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20, 2006, Wuhu iron painting forging techniques were approved by the State Council and included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists. On June 5, 2007, Yang Guanghui from Wuhu City, Anhui Province was determined by the Ministry of Culture to be the representative inheritor of cultural heritage projects, and was included in the first batch of 226 representative inheritors of national intangible cultural heritage projects. .
2. Write good words and sentences about world heritage
China’s world natural and cultural heritage represents China’s eternal natural landscape and profound cultural essence. It is a non-renewable precious resource and wealth for the Chinese nation. We all descendants of the Yan and Huang Dynasties need to cherish and protect the Great Wall: The Great Wall is one of the world-famous miracles. It is like a giant dragon entrenched in the vast land of northern China. It is the crystallization of the blood of the working people in ancient China and the symbol of China. The symbol of ancient culture and the pride of the Chinese nation. The Great Wall of Beijing is like a sleeping golden dragon, lying quietly among the high mountains, protecting the great motherland. This Tiananmen Square is like the scales on the dragon's body; this The huge fortresses are like lins on the body of a dragon. After Qin unified the six countries, Qin Shihuang mobilized 1.8 million migrant workers to connect the various Great Walls into the Great Wall. Jiuzhaigou: The gate of Jiuzhaigou. The Zhaimen, which was built after being included in the World Natural Heritage List, embodies the Tibetan style here. Looking at this simple yet modern art packaged directly with the bark of garden trees, it seems to tell us: Jiuzhaigou is where It dominates the modern world with its wonderful natural scenery. Huangshan: As the saying goes: "When you come back from the Five Mountains, you don't see the mountains; when you come back from Huangshan, you don't see the mountains." Huangshan is famous for its "five wonders": strange pines, strange rocks, sea of ??clouds, hot springs, and winter snow. The pine trees in Huangshan Mountain both at home and abroad can survive in rock cracks and are extremely vital. They have different shapes and poses: black tiger pine, dragon's claw pine, lianli pine, welcoming pine and many other pine trees are named because of their shapes! The Welcome Pine is one of the famous scenic spots in Huangshan Mountain, and its appearance is even more special: two 7.6-meter-long side branches extend forward from the middle of its trunk, just like a hospitable host, waving its arms to warmly welcome the sea. Guests from home and abroad come to visit Huangshan, which has become a symbol of the Chinese nation's hospitality. Temple of Heaven: The Temple of Heaven was included in the "World Heritage List" in November 1998. It is located at the southern end of Beijing. It is where the emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties worshiped and prayed to the gods of heaven and earth. The place where crops are harvested. The Temple of Heaven is not only a pearl in ancient Chinese architecture, but also a treasure in the history of world architecture. The Temple of Heaven is 1,700 meters long from east to west, 1,600 meters wide from north to south, and has an area of ??2.73 million square meters. The Temple of Heaven includes the Circular Mound and the Temple of Praying for Valley. , the wall is divided into two layers, inside and outside, in the shape of a back. The north wall is a solitary circle, and the south wall intersects the east and west walls at right angles, which is a square. This kind of south and north walls is commonly known as the "Heaven and Earth Wall", symbolizing the ancient "round sky and place" The theory. Summer Palace: Kunming Lake in the Summer Palace. There is a small island in the lake. The island is lush and lush. Through the bridge in front of us, we can go to the island to play. This bridge has seventeen bridge holes, called seventeen holes. There are hundreds of stone pillars on the bridge railings, and little lions are carved on the pillars. There are so many lions with different postures. 3. Write a micro-writing title: Intangible Cultural Heritage Like requirements: about 150 words, yes
"Intangible Cultural Heritage Festival?" This is a new festival, and it is not a problem when you come to your hometown. Just five short years. But it is this novel festival that arouses people's infinite emotions for the simplicity and ancient charm.
"Didi-didi-didi-" The old street was very lively with banging and banging. The bright red sedan chair, the dedicated bearers, and the professional emcee team seemed to really take us back to that happy day many years ago. People gathered together, and the elderly kept talking about "We used to be so kind-", yes, if it weren't for such a special nostalgic festival, who would be able to recall the almost forgotten old days? ? As I continued walking along the old street, I found that there were quite a few similar custom programs. Those who weave baskets, those who make straw sandals, those who carve clay, those who cut paper... it is dazzling. There is no big rumbling machine
It is just handmade, and it can also produce something special and delicate.
An old woman who was nearly eighty years old caught my attention. The white hair and wrinkles all seem to indicate the hardships the owner has experienced. But instead of being defeated by the ruthless years, she maintained a lightness after experience. With a wooden frame and a few strands of wiring, you may have a hard time imagining how this can be woven into a piece of fine yet strong and practical cloth.
But in the hands of the old lady, this and that hook, the brightly colored portraits of the Twelve Lives came into being. This thread is connected to that thread, and that thread is pressing against this thread. One end of the thin silk thread connects the modern world, while the history on the other end seems to be drifting away from us.
Behind the old lady is a quaint small building, which displays many antiquities that the owner of the building searched from various places. From large carved wooden beds to small pots and pans, the patterns on them are all exquisite, detailed and lifelike.
Even the wooden basin that looks ordinary at first glance has something extraordinary. The eight figures in the Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea are engraved with different expressions. Some are unruly, some are unruly, some are amiable, and some are kind, which simply carves the immortal family of these eight immortals to life.
"People in the past were so smart!" I admired from the bottom of my heart. "Aren't modern people smart?" Mom asked back, and I was speechless. An unknown uncle next to him spoke up, "It's not that modern people are not smart anymore, it's that we are becoming lazy!"
Are we becoming lazy? Indeed, the birth of a series of industrial civilization machines has made us forget about handwork and the study and exploration of our ancestors. But can these really replace everything? Modern technology may imitate their appearance, but it will lack some of the flexibility of handwork; it can be richer and more colorful than them, but it will lose some of its historical antiques. . Just as I can't deduce how much time and energy it took for those incredible handmade masterpieces
to be made, nowadays, few people do something so "slowly" .
Today we desire all material things, but we don’t know that a greater spiritual wealth is the real legacy. I think this is one of the meanings of the existence of intangible cultural heritage! 4. Please give Luzhou Laojiao’s advertisement for cherishing intangible cultural heritage and its detailed explanation and appreciation
Just add Luzhou Laojiao. Intangible cultural heritage refers to various kinds of intangible cultural heritage that exist with the masses. Traditional cultural expressions that are closely related to life and passed down from generation to generation, including oral traditions, traditional performing arts, folk activities, rituals and festivals, folk traditional knowledge and practices about nature and the universe, traditional handicraft skills, etc., as well as traditional cultural expressions related to the above relevant cultural space.
Intangible cultural heritage is a people-centered living cultural heritage. It emphasizes people-centered skills, experience, and spirit, and is characterized by living change. In the actual work of intangible cultural heritage, the standard for identifying intangible cultural heritage is that it has been passed down by father and son (family), or master and apprentice, or school for more than three generations, the inheritance time is more than 100 years, and the pedigree must be clear and clear.
Basic Characteristics Distribution of Intangible Cultural Heritage The biggest characteristic of intangible cultural heritage is that it is not divorced from the nation's special way of life and production, and is a "living" manifestation of national personality and national aesthetic habits. It exists based on people themselves, uses sound, image and skills as means of expression, and is continued through word-of-mouth transmission as a cultural chain. It is the most fragile part of "living" culture and its traditions.
Therefore, for the process of inheriting intangible cultural heritage, human inheritance is particularly important. Intangible Heritage Culture Culture is both temporal and spatial in nature.
Intangible cultural heritage cultural space is an emerging and important concept that takes the spatial nature of culture as the main research and expression object. From the general concept of cultural anthropology, the study of intangible cultural heritage is a new and important applied research discipline of cultural anthropology, and the study of the cultural space of intangible cultural heritage is a brand new and yet to be Fields of exploration and discovery.
In our past applications and research, there have been many imaginative studies and understandings, which not only opened up our horizons, but also confused our intelligence. Today we study the cultural space of intangible cultural heritage as an important topic, because we want to give the cultural space in intangible cultural heritage a concept that is more in line with the actual theory of cultural anthropology, so as to promote the research and development of intangible cultural heritage. .
Human beings and culture It is an indisputable fact that culture is an important component of human beings. Physical anthropology in anthropology has opened up the "mystery" of human origins, answered how "humans" came from, and solved the problem of human origins, but it has not been able to solve the problem of what human beings are, because physical anthropology only It solves the problem of human physical existence, but does not solve the problem of human cultural existence.
Human physical existence is only a physical human existence, and human existence is not only a physical human existence. Only the physical human existence and the cultural human existence together can constitute real meaning in the world. the existence of people on. This is the basic reason why we define humans as: "animal culture".
Animals are the meaning of human physical anthropology, and culture are the meaning of human cultural anthropology. Whether we use the making of tools or the application of "fire" as a symbol of "the farewell of man and ape", the meaning is the same. They all regard the "beginning" of human culture as the beginning of the meaning of a complete human being.
Only with the emergence of this beginning could the people we understand today appear. It is nature that creates the meaning of human physical existence, and human culture creates the meaning of human cultural existence.
The beginning of human culture stems from the existence of a thing that we today call self-awareness, and this "self-awareness" is in the natural world, when apes do it for themselves. It was triggered by the survival of physical anthropology. Whether our ancestors were using fire or making tools, they did not appear for the purpose of "self-awareness" as we understand it today. However, these behaviors made our ancestors aware of their own existence, which started our human race. The creation of culture.
"Self-consciousness" is generated by human beings from their own material survival needs. In other words, people themselves create their own culture and further live in it. We say that human beings are composed of two elements, one is animal and the other is cultural, and many survival concepts are derived from them, such as "material survival", "spiritual survival" and so on.
We humans have created culture ourselves and live in it. However, in the initial cultural creation, human cultural consciousness was controlled by matter. Human culture is mostly limited to material forms of existence. It is human Accumulate one's own cultural consciousness in material form. At this time, all human consciousness is chaotic. There is only the difference between natural matter and human consciousness, but there is no difference between material consciousness and spiritual consciousness as we call it today.
Later, when people have the ability to add their own consciousness to matter, so that the form of existence of matter changes from natural existence to an existence based on human consciousness, people are in such a strange situation. One's own existence is "discovered" in the existence of natural material forms. From then on, human consciousness was mainly reflected in material culture of this nature. The basic value orientation of this culture was mainly human material capabilities and material interests.
This aspect is very important. It is the basic guarantee for the complete separation of man from all animals. On the basis of the existence of this material consciousness, people have discovered the existence of a more important form of human culture, which is the form of spiritual consciousness.
Material consciousness has strong construction ability based on material form, but it cannot be separated from the materiality of form. If it once leaves the material form, it cannot have its own construction ability. Moreover, material consciousness can obtain meaning in its own form, but its ultimate meaning must be realized by the spiritual form of consciousness.
Spiritual consciousness has a strong and fundamental constructive power both in and out of material form. In these senses, it is man who creates himself and lives in an increasingly sophisticated culture of his own creation.
The culture created by people themselves not only transforms human attributes, but also transforms human nature. We say that physical human beings and cultural human beings are important factors in the formation of human beings, but in fact, human cultural power and physical human beings have not been in an equal relationship for a long time.
Among other things, the term "physical anthropology" is also a manifestation of the power of human culture. Otherwise, it can be called "a certain kind of zoology". even so.