The largest inland river in Shanxi Province

There are many rivers in Shanxi. There are more than 240 rivers in the province with a watershed area of more than 100 square kilometers, among which there are 8 rivers with a watershed area of more than 4,000 square kilometers, including the Fen River, the Qin River, the Blossom River, the Sanchuan River, the Xinshui River, the Sanggan River, the Hutuo River, the Zhang River, etc. The first 5 rivers flow westward and southward; the last 3 rivers flow eastward, belonging to the Haihe River system. The first 5 rivers flow to the west and south, belonging to the Yellow River system; the last 3 rivers flow to the east, belonging to the Hai River system. Fen River is the largest river in the province, originating from Leiming Temple at the foot of Guanxian Mountain, with a length of 710 kilometers, running through the central part of the province, and merging into the Yellow River near Miaomianqian Village in Wanrong County, with a watershed area of 10,000 square kilometers, which is the main agricultural zone in the province. Qin River originates from Erlangshen Ditch in Taiyue Mountain, flows through Qinyuan, Anze, Qingshui, Yangcheng and other counties, and then cuts through the Taihang Mountains and flows into Henan Province and joins the Yellow River, with a length of 450 kilometers (351 kilometers in the province) and a watershed area of 10,000 square kilometers (9,315 square kilometers in the province), and it is one of the most abundant rivers in Shanxi Province with the most abundant hydroelectric resources. The Blossom River originates from Hengling Pass in Jiangxian County and enters the Yellow River to the south, with a total length of 196 kilometers and a watershed area of 5,548 square kilometers. Xinshui River has two upper sources in the south and north, the north branch originates from the north Shilou Mountain in Xi'an County, and the south branch originates from the south Yaoshan Mountain in the northeast of Pu County. The two branches meet in Wucheng and flow westward into the Yellow River, with a total length of 134 kilometers, and a watershed area of 4,321 square kilometers. Sanchuan River by the north, east and south of the three rivers in the Li Shi County to the town of Jiaokou between the convergence and become, flowing through the Fangshan, Li Shi, Zhongyang, Liulin 4 counties, with a watershed area of 4,161 square kilometers, the average annual runoff of billions of cubic meters. Haihe River in Shanxi is more than 400 kilometers long, the basin area accounts for the whole basin area (234,000 square kilometers) of 25%, the catchment area of 10,000 square kilometers, accounting for the area of the province. Sanggan River is 252 kilometers long in Shanxi, with a catchment area of 10,000 square kilometers. Hutuo River is 330 kilometers long in Shanxi, with a watershed area of 10,000 square kilometers. Zhanghe River in Shanxi, divided into two branches of the Qingzhang River and turbid Zhanghe River, the Qingzhang River flows through the Taihang Mountains, in Licheng under the Qingquan into Hebei Province, the territory of the river is 150 kilometers long, with a watershed area of 4,043 square kilometers; turbid Zhanghe River by Changzhi Basin, in Pingshun Mata Village into Henan Province, the territory of the river is 223.2 kilometers long, with a watershed area of 10,000 square kilometers. The Yellow River flows through the Jin and Shaanxi canyons between the north and south of Shanxi. Due to the relatively large riverbed and rapid flow, it is difficult to navigate and inconvenient to use water for irrigation, but it is rich in hydraulic resources and is the largest water source available in Shanxi.　Fen River is the largest river in Shanxi, with a total length of 710 kilometers, and is also the second largest tributary of the Yellow River. Fen River is named after the name of Fen River, which means "big". Fen River originated in Ningwu County, Dongzhai Town, Guanrainian Mountains, under the Jellyfish Cave, around the Longyan Spring, branch pots and strange stone tributaries, flowing through the East Village, three horse camp, Gongjiazhuang, two horse camp, head horse camp, the north of Tuen Mun, Shanzhai, North Tuen Mun, Kuai Tongguan, Ninghua, Damen, South Tuen Mun, Zifangmiao, Chuanhu Tuen and other villages out of Ningwu, after the flow through the six municipalities, 34 counties and municipalities, the Yellow River in the city of Hetsu. Fen River basin area of 39,741 square kilometers, accounting for about one-fourth of the total area of the province, feeding 41% of the province's people. According to historical records, Fen River was once very rich in water resources, during the Warring States period, there was Zao Mugong's "boating service"; Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty took a building boat to go back to the Fen River; from Sui to Tang, Song, Liao, Jin, Shanxi's grain and Guanxian Mountain on the pine trees into the Yellow River and Weihe River through the Fen River, the waterway to Chang'an, etc., the history book said "ten thousand wood under the Fen River". The history book called "Ten Thousand Woods under Fen River". Until the 50's, the song "People say Shanxi is beautiful" still vividly depicted the delightful scene of "Fenhe River flowing with water".　Fen River is surrounded by nine mountains, a sea of forests, murmuring streams, pavilions, beautiful scenery, since ancient times, has been included in the list of famous mountains and rivers. The Classic of Mountains and Seas" reads: "The mountain of Guanmian, Fenshui is not. West flow into the river (Yellow River)." The "Shui Jing Jing" reads, "Fen Shui comes out of Guanxian Mountain in the north of Fenyang, Taiyuan." Since the history, Fenyuan and Fenshui have made great contributions to the long and splendid civilization of Sanjin. Fenyuan is the cradle and birthplace of the civilization of Jin, and it is the place where people of Sanjin think of the source of drinking water and look for the root of their gratitude, and its water is pure and sweet, and the scenery is beautiful and chic, and it has enjoyed the reputation of the first scenic spot of Sanjin since ancient times. Now Fenyuan tourist attractions are Fenyuan Spirit Marsh, Leiming Temple, Louzi Mountain, etc., for the provincial tourism scenic spots, is the children of Sanjin attachment, reverence, yearning for the place, is the province's people cohesion, the people's will to become a symbol of the city.　Qin River, the ancient name of Qinshui, also known as less water, "Zuozhuan? Xiang Gong twenty-third year ":" Marquis of Qi so Jin, take Chaoge. The two teams entered Mengmen and climbed the Taihang. Zhang Wu army in the fluorescent court, garrison PI Shao, sealed less water", the text of the less water that is the Qin River, when referring to the end of the nearby section of the river.　Qin River originated in the northwestern part of Qinyuan County, Mianshan Mountain foothills of the Erlang Shen ditch, flowing through the town of Guo Dao after the border with the northern source of the Chishibashi River, the eastern source of the Zihong River convergence. This is completely consistent with the records of the "Water Classic": "Qinshui that is less water, or that out of the Valley far County, Sheepshead Mountain Shiwu Valley. Three sources of Qi Note, by the lagoon a god, and south will be three mountains of water, the calendar fall out, around the near stream, the difference between the wing note also."　Li Daoyuan in the note to the east source of the Qin River Zihong River as the source, so that the Qin River originated in the Sheepshead Mountain. Sheepshead Mountain, also known as the visit to the hostile mountain, stretched across the border in Wuxiang, Qin County, Pingyao, Qinyuan, Chishibashi River and Zihong River are originated in this mountain, in the town of Guo Dao and the source of the confluence, so it is said that "three sources of Qi Note, by the diarrhea of a god". Qinhe River flows through the village of Jiaokou White Fox Kiln River from the east into; in the village of Hesi Wolf Tail River from the west into; in the middle of the Yu Township Longtou catalyzed by the Xichuan River from the west into, so it is said: "and the south sinks three water. At the same time there are two banks of streams constantly injected, so it is said that "around the near streams, the difference between the wing of the injection also. This last flow through the village of Danan out of the Qinyuan County.　Qin River and south through Anze County, Qinshui County, Yangcheng County, cut through the Taihang Mountains into Henan Province. And then the economic source, Qinyang, in Wuzhi County, West Camp near the injection into the Yellow River. The total length of 456 kilometers, basin area of 12900 square kilometers. In Shanxi, 363 kilometers long, with a watershed area of 9,315 square kilometers. Qin River is the second largest river in Shanxi Province after Fen River.　Blossom River The Blossom River originates from Chencunyu, Henglingguan, Jiangxian County, Shanxi Province. Blossom River originates from Chencunyu, Henglingguan, Jiangxian County, Shanxi Province. The Water Scripture says: "Blossom River comes out of Kibijia Valley in the east mountain of Wenxi County, east of the river." Note: "The Blossom River comes out of what is commonly called the Hua Valley, and when it reaches Zhouyang and Tao Shui, the water source goes east out of the Qing Ye Mountain, and the world thinks that the Qing Xiang Mountain is also there."　　The Blossom River flows southwestward through Wenxi County, Xia County, Yuncheng City District and Linyi County in Shanxi Province to Wushu Lake in Yongji City, where it joins the Yellow River near Hongdoyuan Village, with a total length of 196 kilometers and a watershed area of more than 5,548 square kilometers.　　The main tributary of Blossom River is Yao Siam Drainage Canal, named after Yao Siam, a salt collector, who rebuilt the canal to protect the salt pond in 605-607 (Sui Daye period). Yao Siam Ditch originates from Wenxi, flows through Xiaxian and Yuncheng, and flows around the east and north sides of the salt pond to Yongji and enters Wuzhu Lake, which is a seasonal river.　Sanchuan River is named Sanchuan River because of the convergence of Beichuan, Dongchuan and Nanchuan. The main stream in Shanxi Province, above the city of Rishi called Beichuan, originating in the northern section of the Luliang Mountains, the western foot of Fangshan County, Chijianling, flowing through Fangshan County, in the city of Rishi tributary Dongchuan began to be called Sanchuan River. Then 6 kilometers downstream of the town of Jiaokou into the tributary Nanchuan, and then flow through the Liulin County. It is injected into the left bank of the Yellow River in Xihekou Village, Shixi Township. The total length of the river is 176 kilometers, and the elevation of the entrance to the Yellow River is 624 meters.　　Dongchuan has two sources, the one to the north is called Xiaodongchuan, originating from Bone Ridge Mountain of Luliang Mountain Range, flowing in the northeast-southwest direction. South of the one called the big East River, originated in the western foot of the Luliang Mountains, Shenlin ditch, through the town of Wu, to the southeast and northwest flow in the Chejiawan convergence of the small East River after the east to the west through the Tianjiahui, in the city of Rishi into the left bank of the Sanchuan River.　　Nanchuan originated in the western foot of the Luliang Mountains, Shanxi Province, Zhongyang County, Shanxi Province, Liujiaping Township, Fengwei Village, Bailiwick Ridge, to the north west direction of the flow through the Zhongyang County, in the Rishi Jiaokou Township, joining the left bank of the Sanchuan River. Sanchuan River main stream can be divided into the upper and lower reaches of the three sections: from the source of the river to the town of Ohdong (Fangshanshan County seat) for the upper reaches of the river, the river is 49 kilometers long, than the drop of 8 ‰, the river valley is narrower, Chuan Gorge interspersed. Oh-dong town to the city of Lishi for the middle reaches, the river is 52 kilometers long, the ratio of 4.7 ‰, this section of the river valley is open, Chuan flat, water conservancy conditions are better, is the local agricultural production base. Li Shi City, the following for the lower reaches, the flow direction changes to flow from northeast to southwest, the river is 75 kilometers long, the ratio of drop 3.8‰. This section of the river valley from the city of Li Shi to the town of JiaoKou wider, the town of JiaoKou below the Liulin county town valley is narrower, the river twists and turns, ChuanLi less, Liulin county town below the hydrological station to after the Dacheng river valley and widen, the average width of 800 meters, after the Dacheng below the section of the canyon, the river bends, the water flow is rapid.　　Sanchuan River is the second largest tributary of many tributaries on the left bank of the North Main Stream of the Yellow River in Jinsi, with a watershed area of 4,161 square kilometers. According to the measured data statistics, three river average runoff over the years billion cubic meters, if you add Liulin County spring water billion cubic meters *** for the billion cubic meters, groundwater can be mined billion cubic meters per year, the total water resources billion cubic meters. The maximum annual runoff of 100 million cubic meters, the minimum year for 100 million cubic meters, the maximum and minimum ratio of 3. The average annual sand loss of 29.08 million tons, sand loss of inter-annual variation is even greater, the maximum annual sand loss of 83.5 million tons, the minimum year of only 4.61 million tons, the maximum and minimum ratio of 18. water and sand distribution within the year is concentrated, the flood season (July-October), the water accounted for 60% of the annual water, the flood season, the amount of sand accounted for 95%. Sand volume is often concentrated in several heavy rainfall floods, resulting in a large amount of soil erosion.　　Soil erosion area of 2767 square kilometers, accounting for the watershed area of the annual input of 29.08 million tons of sediment into the Yellow River, the basin average sand loss of 6989 tons per square kilometer, if the average area of soil erosion according to the soil erosion area, is as high as 10,510 tons per square kilometer, and the local area of the amount of erosion per square kilometer can be as high as 20,000 tons.　Xinshui River Xinshui River Basin is located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River on the east bank, the southern end of the Luliang Mountains in Shanxi Province, for China's Loess Plateau, the main residual loess gully distribution area. Originating from the Mottianling of Pu County in Shanxi Province, Xinshui River has a total length of 134 kilometers, and is injected into the Yellow River in the west of Daning County. The whole basin includes 40 townships (towns) in 5 counties of Pu County, Xi County, Daning, Jixian, Yonghe and individual natural villages in Xiangning and Jiaokou. Basin area of 4326 square kilometers. Xinshui River flows through the loess residual loess area, the amount of water is not large, the sand content is high, the average natural runoff over the years at Daning Station billion cubic meters, the average annual sand content of 55 kg / cubic meter, the annual sand loss of 2,830 tons.　Sanggan River is an important tributary of Haihe River, and there are two rivers in its upper reaches: Yuanzi River and Chuan River. The main stream of the Chuan River originates from the watershed village of Guanxian Mountain in Ningwu County, Shanxi Province, and the Yuanzi River originates from the Jiekou Mountain in Zuoyun County, Shanxi Province. The two rivers are called Sanggan River after they meet in Shuo County and Yi Village. Sanggan River flows through Shuo County, Shanyin, Yingxian, Huairen, Datong to Yanggao County, Yujiaxiaobao village into the territory of Hebei Province. The length of the Sanggan River in Shanxi is 252 kilometers, with a basin area of 17,142 square kilometers. The main tributaries on the Sanggan River include the Huangshui River, the Hun River and the Imperial River.　Hutuo (Hutuo) River Fangzhi County, Tai drama mountains, flowing southwest through the Hengshan Mountain and Wutai Mountain, to the boundaries of the river folded to the east, cut through the Department of the Zhou Mountain and Taihang Mountain, east to the Zangqiao in Xian County, Hebei Province, and the Ziya River, another branch of the Bushey River meets. The total length of 587 kilometers, basin area of 10,000 square kilometers. The main tributaries are Yangwu River, Yunzhong River, Muma River, Qingshui River, Nanping River, Ye River, etc., which are arranged in a plume shape, mainly concentrated in the above Huangbizhuang, and no tributaries converge in the following. The terrain in the basin from west to east is terraced inclined, the west is located in the mountains and basins of the eastern edge of the Shanxi Plateau, high terrain, loess distribution is thicker; the central part of the Taihang Mountains backslope formation of the mountains, rich in coal mines; the eastern part of the plains. The natural vegetation in the basin is scarce, and soil erosion is heavy. The area flowing through the mountainous, mountainous and hilly area accounts for about 86% of the whole watershed area, and the total drop of the river reaches more than 1800 meters. Yaochi above for the upper reaches, along the Wutai Mountain to the southwest flowing in the belt basin, the width of the river channel from one to two hundred meters to kilometers ranging from the slow flow of water. Yaochi to Gangnan for the middle reaches, flowing through the Taihang Mountains, the river valley is deep, "V" shaped valley, the width of 200 meters below, the drop is large, the water flow is rapid. Huangbizhuang the following for the lower reaches, flowing through the plains, the river is wide, the widest up to 6,000 meters, the water flow is slow, sediment siltation, and gradually become a river on the ground or a half-ground river, both sides of the bank with embankments.　　The watershed is a temperate continental monsoon climate, the temperature decreases from east to west as the terrain rises, and the annual precipitation is 400-700 millimeters, concentrated in the summer. Surface runoff is mainly recharged by rainfall. The average annual runoff is about 2.2 billion cubic meters, unevenly distributed, with the eastern slopes of the Taihang Mountains producing a larger flow, and the further upstream the smaller. The distribution of runoff within the year is also uneven, with large inter-annual variations, and the amount of water in a watery year is 10 times that of a watery year. Floods caused by heavy rainfall, high peaks and large quantities, steep rise and fall, mainly from the main streams and the Yehe River, mostly occurring in July to August. Sand content of 11.4 kg / m3, the annual sand transport 2920 tons. The entire basin has been built Gangnan, Huangbizhuang (see Gangnan Reservoir, Huangbizhuang Water Conservancy Hub), Lushan, under the Ruyue, Guanshang, Double Breastmilk Mountain, Shiban, Shimanguan, Dashimen, Guozhuang, such as large and medium-sized reservoirs 10 and many small reservoirs, ponds and dams, the basic control of flood hazards, irrigation, power generation, significant benefits. The basin is rich in mineral deposits, especially rich in coal. There are Shijiazhuang, Yangquan and other cities, the economy is developed. The revolutionary resort of Xibaipo (see Pingshan County), Cangyan Mountain Scenic Spot and Longxing Temple and other places of interest can be visited.　　The historical name of the Hutuo River is varied. The Book of Rites calls it the Wicked Pool or the Huo Pool. The Zhouli called the thick pool. In the Warring States period, the river was called "Pool Water". Qin called thick pool river. The Eastern Han Dynasty called Hutuo River. The Historical Records called Hutuo, also known as Yabu. Shui Jing Zhu called Hutuo. Cao Wei called Tuohe. Western Jin Dynasty called Hutuo River. The Northern Wei Dynasty was once renamed Qingning River. Hutuo River originated in Shanxi Fanzhi County, Shanxi Province, under the Tai opera mountain Lushan Village area, flowing through Daixian County, Yuanping County and Xin Ding Basin, since the Dongye Town below the turn into the east slope of the Taihang Mountains, from the Monkey Axe into the Pingdingshan Mountains, through the Gangnan Reservoir, Huangbizhuang Reservoir and Lingshou County, from Zhengding County, the entry of the west of the village of the North Baidian, by the flow of the county within the more than 40 villages to the north of the village of Dafengtun out of bounds into the Gaoxian County, through the Wuji, Jinxian, Shenze, Anping, Raoyang and other counties, to the Xian County Laohekou and Busan River into the sea.　Zhanghe River The Zhanghe River is an insignificant river in China's hydrological data. Although it flows through Jin, Hebei and Henan and is an important tributary of the Hai River, its influence is far less than that of other large rivers. In the dry and rainy north, for Licheng and even Changzhi, and even more places, but it is a real mother river.　　　Zhanghe is divided into turbid Zhanghe and Qing Zhanghe two branches, both originating in Shanxi. Turbid Zhang River has the south, north and west of the three sources, the south source out of Changzi County Hatchet Hill, the west source out of the northwest of Qin County, Zhangyuan Village, the north source out of Yushe County, Liulin River. The south source of the turbid Zhang River is 134 kilometers long, flowing northward to Xiangyuan County, Gan village near the West source of convergence; West source is 81 kilometers long, and the south source of convergence continues to the north, to Xiangyuan County, the village of the mouth and the North source of convergence; North source of 130 kilometers long, the three sources of convergence of the whole after the so-called turbid Zhanghe River, through the city of Licheng, from the village of Pingshun County under the Mata Ying out of the border into the Henan Province. Shanxi river section of the total length of 231 kilometers, basin area of 11,311 square kilometers. Average annual runoff Shiliang station for 800 million cubic meters, the average annual sand loss of 17.3 million tons. Qingzhang River east source is 104 kilometers long, the west source is 101 kilometers long, east and west two sources in the village of Zuoquan Shangjiazhang after the merger, called the Qingzhang River, to the northeast of Licheng County under the village of Qingquan injected into Hebei Province. Qingzhang River is 142 kilometers long, with a watershed area of 4,159 square kilometers, the average annual natural runoff of 400 million cubic meters. Clear and turbid two sources in the southwestern border of Hebei Province in the village of Hezhang after the confluence of Zhanghe. Flow eastward to Tantao into the Wei River. Length 466 kilometers (to Nantao), basin area (to Cai Xiaozhuang) 10,000 square kilometers.　　Zhanghe River above Guantai section, both sides of the terrain is steep, narrow valley, the water flow twists and turns, during which, there are Chibi, waiting wall, Tianqiao section of the natural fall barrier. River out of Guantai into the hilly areas, Yuecheng Reservoir below the plains, to Tantao County, Xu Wancang and Wei River convergence into the Wei Canal. Zhanghe is a wandering river, known as "good silt, good decision, good migration". In the 575 years from the Ming Dynasty (1368 AD) to 1942, there were as many as 50 major diversions and countless breaks. The Haihe River Basin Comprehensive Plan states that the Haihe River originates from the Zhanghe River, which is located in Shanxi Province, and the total length of the Haihe River is calculated to be 1,032 kilometers. In addition, some water experts also believe that the origin of the Hai River should be the Zhang River's upper reaches of the turbid Zhang River, which is calculated to be 1,329 kilometers long.　　Zhanghe is a river flowing out of history. One of the birthplaces of the Zhang River, Fat Hat Mountain in Changzi County, is a place where myths and legends are condensed. In fact, Liu Yuking, Dean of the Faculty of Letters of Shanxi University, once boldly asserted that "the heroic myths clustered in Southeast Jin are the initial dawn of civilization" and that "the dawn of Chinese civilization breaks in Southeast Jin". Only the numerous myths and folklore of Southeast Jin - this kind of oral history - can link up the 5,000 years of Chinese civilization. Many myths and folklore, those most popular and popular stories, such as Nuwa mending the sky, Emperor Yandi tasted a hundred herbs, Jingwei reclamation, Yi shot nine days, Dayu water, Yugong Yishan, the Yellow Emperor Chiyu battle, Kuafu chasing the sun, Yao and Shun Zen ceded to become a soup prayers and so on, basically from the Shangdan or Shangdan has a thousand links. Mr. Li Yueming said, Shanxi Xiangyuan may be one of the origins of the river. River out of the map, Luo out of the book is likely to be Zhanghe out of the map, Xiangyuan Luoshan out of the book! This statement is for reference only. One of the sources of the Zhanghe River, Fajiao Mountain, is the original birthplace of the story of Jingwei. Jingwei was the youngest daughter of Emperor Yan Di, whose real name was Nuwa. In Licheng County, the Sui Dynasty "Baotai Temple Tablet Records" called this place "the place where Emperor Yan was honored with the harvest". Mr. Niu Yudai, a writer, deduced that Yao, the ancient sage emperor, was a native of Licheng through literature and field research. The humanistic relics such as Kei Mountain, Sun Cloth Cliffs, Wash Ear River, Xuyue Cave, Pengzhuang, the ancient residence of Pengzu, etc. for "Xuyue Wash Ear" and other folklore left behind is not only a corroboration, but also a stage for the real history to take place.