When Ming Yingzong acceded to the throne, Zhang Taihou (after Injong) handed over the decision-making power to the cabinet, entrusted Yang Shiqi, Yang Rong and Yang Pu to assist the government wholeheartedly, and wrote the letter in business. Eunuch Wang Zhen made many decisions privately and intervened in state affairs. At the end of the second year of the Orthodox Church (1437), the Empress Dowager tried to punish Wang Zhen, but Ming Yingzong and the five ministers of Fuzheng begged to avoid death. Since then, although Wang Zhen restrained himself, after the death of Empress Dowager Tai and Sanyang, he became even more unscrupulous and set a precedent for eunuch intervention in the Ming Dynasty. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Mongolia was divided into three parts, namely, Wuliangha Department, Tatar Department and Vara Department. After a long period of development, Walla's power increased, and the Walla leader first unified the three Mongolian departments, with the intention of annexing China.
In July of the 14th year of the Orthodox Church (1449), the Central Plains was attacked in the east, west and middle, and the northern Xinjiang was in an emergency. Ming Yingzong at the instigation of Wang Zhen personally. Due to the eagerness to send troops, the army is in disorder, wages are not uniform, and soldiers are depressed. When we arrived in Datong on August 1, we pretended to be defeated and lured the Ming army deeper. Wang Zhen panicked because of the previous failure and ran back quickly. On the way home, in order to show off his village, Wang Zhen refused to listen to the suggestion of Datong company commanders to let Ming Yingzong enter Zijingguan quickly, but invited Ming Yingzong to visit his home in Yuzhou (Yuxian County, Hebei Province). /kloc-stopped at Tumburg on 0/4 and was surrounded by Yexian troops. The Ming army had no water to drink and was in trouble. One is to induce the Ming army to leave the city, and the Walla army took the opportunity to besiege on all sides. The Ming army was in a hurry and suffered numerous casualties. Ming Yingzong could not break through and was captured.
Ming Yingzong captured, the capital chaos. Courtiers asked Empress Dowager Cixi to let Ming Yingzong's younger brother Xi Wang Zhu Qiyu reign. Empress Dowager Cixi agreed to open discussion, but Zhu Qiyu repeatedly gave in. At this time, an angel from Ming Yingzong came, and Zhu Qiyu acceded to the throne. Zhu Qiyu ascended the throne on September 6th, and the following year was the first year of Jingtai, with Ming Daizong and Ming Yingzong as the emperor's father. Vala captured Ming Yingzong and invaded the Central Plains on a large scale. In the name of sending the emperor's father, he opened the border gate of the Ming Dynasty and captured the city. 10, conquer Baiyangkou, Zijingguan and Juyongguan, and head for Beijing.
In the 14th year of Orthodox Church (1449), on October 6th, Ming Yingzong was also kidnapped and invaded Beijing. The capital was in an emergency and the battle of Beijing started. Ming Daizong ordered kings from all over the country to lead troops into Beijing, and ordered Yu Qian to be solely responsible for defending the war. Yu Qian, assistant minister of the Ministry of War, stuck to the capital and called for local armed rescue. Subsequently, the grain of Tongzhou warehouse was transferred to Beijing, and the troops of Henan and Shandong were transferred to Beijing for defense. 13, Yu Qian first sent cavalry to lure the enemy, and then led tens of thousands of people to approach Deshengmen. In the Ming Dynasty, the ambush took the opportunity to attack, firearms were fired, and the defeat was also in front of the city gate. First, they turned to Xizhimen, and the defenders in the city fired arrows and fired artillery, and they also retreated first. The siege of the capital was lifted.
In the first year of Jingtai (1450), he continued to attack the Ming dynasty and was defeated by the Ming army. The military defeat led to the first invasion of the Ming Dynasty, which greatly weakened its strength. The Ming Dynasty set up another emperor and held Ming Yingzong hostage, which had lost its original meaning. First, I decided to change my strategy and send it back to Ming Yingzong to make peace with the Ming Dynasty. On August 15th, the first year of Jingtai (1450), Ming Yingzong returned to Beijing. In order to prevent Ming Yingzong from having a bad influence on himself, Ming Daizong sent his younger brother back to the Nangong to live in seclusion, and sent someone to guard the Nangong, forbidding ministers to go to court, forbidding Ming Yingzong to associate with courtiers and preventing them from carrying out restoration activities.
Ming Daizong was seriously ill, and Prince Zhu Jianji was dead. The issue of succession to the throne aroused the anxiety of the ministers of the DPRK, and the newly established Crown Prince could not reach an agreement. Hou Shiheng of Wuqing knew that it was difficult for Emperor Taizong of Ming Dynasty to recover, and he negotiated with eunuch Cao Jixiang, Bin Xu of Taichangqing and Xu Youzhen, the vice capital, to take Ming Yingzong back. In the early morning of the 17th day of the first month of Jingtai (1457), Shi Heng, Xu Youzhen, etc. Under the pretext of the border police of the No.4 Route, they ordered their troops to enter the city to strengthen their defense. Then he went to the Nangong to greet Ming Yingzong and ascended the throne in Fengtian Hall. Xu Youzhen announced to the ministers waiting in court that the emperor's father had been reset. Ming Yingzong ordered Xu Youzhen to be in charge of maintenance, and the next day he was appointed Minister of War. Yu Qian and Wang Wen were arrested, imprisoned and later killed. On 2 1 day, Ming Yingzong announced that it would change the eighth year of Jingtai to the first year of Tianshun, and named Shi Heng as a loyal monarch. This incident is also known as "the change of robbing the door" in history.
After Ming Yingzong ascended the throne again, he dismissed the civil and military officials appointed by Ming Daizong, and at the same time actively commended the main figures involved in the coup. Reward Shi Heng, Xu Youzhen, Cao Jixiang and the Governor. Soon, Shi and Cao crowded him out and sent him to Yunnan. From then on, they monopolized the power, bossed around and held the power. Their arrogance also made Ming Yingzong unhappy. Tianshun three years (1459) in July, Ming Yingzong was deeply disturbed by Shi Heng and Shi Biao's mastery of the relieving at home and abroad, and ordered Shi Biao to return to Beijing. Shi Biao refused, so that Vencent Yang and other thousands of people, including 50 people, came forward to defend Datong and begged Shi Biao to defend Datong. This further aroused Ming Yingzong's suspicion and ordered the arrest of Vencent Yang. After Kao Xun learned that he was instructed by Shi Biao, Ming Yingzong immediately made Shi Biao "gallop into Beijing". In August, he went to the Royal Guard Prison, and soon Shi Heng was put in prison. The following February (1460), Shi Heng's death frightened Cao Jixiang, Cao Qin and others, so they stepped up their activities of usurping power. When Ming Yingzong learned of this, he immediately arrested Cao Jixiang and sent troops to cut off his henchmen. Three days later, Cao Jixiang was executed in the year, and a long-planned rebellion was put down.
In the eighth year of Tianshun (1464), on the seventh day of the first month, when Ming Yingzong abolished the cruel martyrdom system since Ming Taizu, he was dying and then died. On the 21st day of the first month in the eighth year of Tianshun, Zhu Jianshen, the eldest son, officially ascended the throne and granted amnesty to the whole world. The following year was the first year of Chenghua. Facing the previous arthralgia syndrome, Ming Xianzong initiated a new trend of Chenghua. Ming Xianzong acceded to the throne and ordered courtiers to discuss the titles of the two palaces. In the summer, Zhonggong accepted Zhou Guifei's will, saying, "Queen Qian has been ill for a long time and should not be called the Queen Mother. The imperial concubine is the emperor's biological mother, so it is appropriate to tell the story between Xuande and Deyi. " Li Xian and Peng Shizhen, the ministers, said, "This matter is different from that of Liu Bei. Hu Hou gave way to the above table, so he did not add a title at the beginning of orthodoxy. After today's money, the birthright will be fixed. Do you still want this? " Peng said: "The first emperor (Yingzong) did this when he was alive. Who dares to change now? The key to the court's obedience to the world lies in integrity. Improper discipline and etiquette are harmful to virtue. People are obedient and sinners all over the world. Li Xian also spoke very loudly, and after discussion, it was considered a treasure. " Shi Peng added: "It doesn't matter if the two palaces are called the same. It is convenient to add the word' Queen of Money'." Therefore, in the eighth year of Tianshun (1464), on March 1st, Empress Qian was Empress Dowager Cixi and Empress Zhou Guifei was Empress Dowager. The dispute over the title of the two palaces began to end. Jingxiang refugee uprising in the middle of Ming Dynasty, land annexation was fierce, due to years of famine, heavy taxes and more refugees. The Jingxiang area in Huguang is relatively rich and is a place where refugees are concentrated. The Ming court sent heavy troops to encircle and suppress the refugees, but failed to do so. By the early years of Chenghua, more than 654.38+0.5 million people had gone into the mountains to open up wasteland and mine.
In March of the first year of Chenghua (1465), the refugees, led by Liu Tong, Shi Long and Feng Zilong, set up the Yellow Flag Uprising in Dashiting, Fangxian County, and gathered people to occupy Meixi Temple. Liu Tong was named Hanwang, with the title of Han, Jianyuan Desheng and a general and marshal. In March of the following year, I met the Ming army in the market. Being outnumbered, Liu Tong was captured and killed. Under the suppression of the Ming army, its Ministry and its remnants collapsed one after another and the uprising failed. However, after this incident, the Ming court formulated strict measures to force the refugees to return to China and prohibit them from entering Yunyang area. Later, Huguang Yunyang House was established, and Huguang Aviation Department and Health Center were established here to treat refugees. In the 13th year of Chenghua (1477), Ming Xianzong established the West Factory, with the eunuch Wang Zhi as the prefect. The strength of the West Factory is twice that of the East Factory, and the momentum is above the Royal Guards. Wang Zhi used the Royal Guards to publicize Dayu for many times, and ministers of Beijing officials and people following Wang Zhi's teachings could seize property and ask questions without authorization. Although it was dissolved because of the impeachment of several ministers, it soon recovered and became more arrogant. At that time, from the capital to the north and south of the great river, there was a captain from a western factory everywhere, ranging from important military and political matters to small-scale civil fighting against chickens and dogs, which made people panic. In March of the 18th year of Chenghua (1482), Ming Xianzong closed the West Factory on the grounds that the East Factory and the West Factory could not coexist. But the east factory is still there, and the factory disaster has not stopped.
Ming Xianzong died in 1487, and his son, Zhu Shitang, succeeded to the throne, that is, Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty, with the year number Hongzhi. During the reign of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty, he "got rid of mediocrity and opened his mouth" and got rid of the bad habits since Ming Yingzong, so he was known as the "Lord of Zhongxing". First of all, Ming Xiaozong dismissed all the redundant staff left by Ming Xianzong and arrested them for crimes. And select the best talents and entrust them with the heavy responsibility of ministers.
Ming Xiaozong was diligent and visited the DPRK twice a day. Ming Xiaozong exercised strict control over eunuchs. In February of the 13th year of Hongzhi (1500), Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty took Yang Lian's advice and made more provisions on punishment. The legislative creation of the Ming Dynasty was in the era of Zhu Yuanzhang. During the reign of Hongwu and Yongle, the system was established, and the judicial department must judge the case according to law and may not cite regulations. Ming Xiaozong revised the complicated regulations and chose more than 290 regulations that were easy to operate and implement, which were implemented at the same time as the law. During the whole Hongzhi period, such cruel things as imperial edicts and prison orders never happened. However, the rampant illegal activities in Dongchang and Wei Jinyi have also been restrained.
Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty practiced frugality, refrained from large-scale construction and reduced taxes. Xiao zong of Ming dynasty made great efforts to make Hongzhi the best period since the middle of Ming dynasty. Ming history also called Ming Xiaozong "diligent and thrifty, diligent and loving the people". Under his rule, Hongzhi's politics was clear and the people were rich. Known as Hongzhi Zhongxing.
The period between Zheng De and Jiajing was an extremely important period in the history of Ming Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty continued to develop on the historical track, and various social contradictions were further intensified. Long-term stability has brought political rigidity and corruption, but it has also created an opportunity for the vigorous development of social economy and culture. This period was the most prosperous period of the Ming empire, but behind the prosperity, there was a huge crisis. Chen Haozhi's Rebellion 1505 Ming Xiaozong died, and his son Zhu Houzhao acceded to the throne as Ming Wuzong, with the title of Zheng De. After Ming Wuzong acceded to the throne, he favored eunuchs, became close to courtiers and indulged in pleasure. Ning Wang Zhu, waiting for an opportunity to seize the throne. Zhu mistakenly believed that the warlock colluded with powerful eunuchs and slaves around Ming Wuzong, and restored the guards who had been laid off before. He also tried to flatter Ming Wuzong in an attempt to let his son succeed him.
In the fourteenth year of Zheng De's reign (15 19), Xiao Huai, the suggestion, reported that Zhu had violated the law inside and outside, and demanded that it be dealt with as soon as possible to prevent future troubles. Ming Wuzong immediately sent people to Nanchang, ready to accept his escort and return the captured official and civilian fields. After hearing this news, Zhu launched an armed rebellion on June 14. Wang Shouren, the deputy commander-in-chief of Gan Ting, sent troops to various counties and captured Nanchang in one fell swoop. Zhu rushed back from Anqing, and the two armies fought at Huangjiadu. Zhu was defeated and captured. It was only 43 days from Zhu's departure to his capture. Ming Wuzong took the southern tour as the purpose, named himself General Wu, and personally led an expedition. In August of the following year, Ming Wuzong held a "captive" ceremony in Nanjing, and then returned to the north. Zhu was executed in Tongzhou in December. Wu Zongnan's southern tour of Ming Dynasty was instigated by Jiang Bin to send a letter to the south, which was collectively opposed by hundreds of officials in the Ming Dynasty. Eventually 100 officials were punished or demoted, and Ming Wuzong took back his life. In June of A.D. 15 19, King Zhu of Ning rebelled, which was called "Chen Hao's rebellion" in history. Although Wang Shouren, the capital of Wudu, put down the rebellion at the end of July, Ming Wuzong still concealed his exploits. He started his southern tour in August of A.D. 15 19 on the grounds of quelling the chaos. After the death of Emperor Wuzong of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Houzong, the nephew of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty, became the heir of the Great System for the sake of Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty. Before and after he ascended the throne, Yang Tinghe, then the cabinet records, and Mao Cheng, then the minister of rites, led Song Pu 'an to force Ming Shizong to respect his biological parents as uncle's parents, which aroused Ming Shizong's antipathy and made a big fuss. Debate on Etiquette After Sejong ascended the throne as a local vassal in the Ming Dynasty, there was a political debate within the ruling class about the unification of the empire. "From the beginning, we fought for exams, emperors, emperors, then temples and roads, and finally temples and music and dance." The focus of the struggle is how to determine the title of Zhu Shiyuan, Sejong's biological father.
In essence, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty attacked Yang Tinghe and other cabinet ministers and officials in previous dynasties, established and consolidated his own rule, and carried out the New Deal. This event ended with the victory of Sejong, which not only had a far-reaching impact on the political life in Jiajing period, but also had an indelible impact on the official system of the whole Ming Dynasty. Jiajing Zhongxing Emperor Jiajing carried out the "New Deal" by imitating the governing methods of Ming Taizu and Ming Chengzu. He was wise and strict in politics, strictly controlled officials, rectified the political platform, granted amnesty to the world, prohibited eunuchs from interfering in state affairs, gathered strangers, and was diligent in government affairs, thus creating a situation of rejuvenating Jiajing. Zhu Houzong, the Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty, became the favorite of alchemists in Renyin Palace, burning alchemy medicine, and ordered the Ritual Department to invite women aged 8 to 14 to have sex in the palace in the name of "seeking a wife for children". Some abused maids were so resentful that they wanted to kill him. In the early morning of the twenty-first year of Jiajing (1542)1October 2 1, 16, a palace maid headed by Yang, attempted to strangle Ming Shizong while he was sleeping in the palace. I can't fasten the rope because I tied it wrong. Maid-in-waiting Zhang Jinlian quickly reported to the Queen. After the Queen arrived at Gan Qing Palace, she quickly untied the rope. And ordered Xu Shen, who was in charge of the Imperial Hospital, to treat Ming Shizong. 16 all the ladies-in-waiting were captured. After the trial, it was believed that Wang Ning's wife was the mastermind, and Princess Cao Shi was also involved. In February of the 22nd year of Jiajing, all relevant personnel were executed. Because the twenty-first year of Jiajing was the year of Renyin, it was called "Renyin Palace Change" in history. Ming Shizong survived and built a temple in Chaotian Palace for 7 days. The day after the incident, Ming Shizong moved to the Wanshou Palace in Xiyuan and never returned to ouchi. Treacherous court official Yan Song served as a college student in Wuyingdian in the 21st year of Jiajing (1542), joined the cabinet to participate in maintenance, and served as the minister of rites. He flatters Ming Shizong blindly, steals power for profit and kills dissidents. Yan Song was good at writing some "green words" that burned to heaven, so he was favored by the emperor. Historical Records records that he colluded with Taoist Tao to slander and crowd out. In the 23rd year of Jiajing (1544), in August, because he hated Zhai Luan's qualifications, he secretly ordered the official impeachment of Zhai Luan's father and son for cheating in the Jinshi exam until Zhai Luan was dismissed as a citizen. In September, Yan Song was promoted to the position of records and monopolized the power, so he was called "Prime Minister of Qing Dynasty". He is over 60 years old. He stays in Xiyuan all day and never comes back to take a bath. Ming Shizong praised him for his diligence and trusted him more. Yan Song, with his son Yan Shifan and his adopted son Zhao Wenhua as his minions, wooed the Royal Guards to command Liu Bing, manipulated state affairs for more than ten years, and did whatever he wanted, which made politics extremely dark and the border defense lax. During the Jiajing period, political corruption, lax border defense, industrial and commercial development in the southeast coast, Wang Zhi, Xu Hai and some other wealthy businessmen and pirates colluded with the Japanese pirates to plunder, and the Japanese pirates suffered more and more disasters, endangering coastal areas and grain transportation. In the 28th year of Jiajing (1549), Zhu Wan, the governor of Zhejiang Province, was framed for resisting Japan and dismissed from office, and the suffering of the enemy became more and more serious. From the thirty-first year of Jiajing (1552), the Japanese pirates plundered the southeast coast for years, causing untold suffering. The Ming government was corrupt and incompetent, and its armaments were not repaired, so it was helpless to the Japanese army. Qi Jiguang and Yu Ping set the enemy of Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong.
From the 20th year of Jiajing (154 1), Anda Khan, the leader of Mongolian Tatar Department, invaded the Ming border many times, posing a great threat to the Ming border. In September of the twentieth year of Jiajing (154 1), Anda Khan, together with his brother Jin 'ang, led the Tatar army to invade Shanxi. In May of the following year, Ansan Khan was willing to repair the relationship with the Ming Dynasty and sent a special envoy to Shi Tian to negotiate with the Ming Dynasty. However, Shi Tian Jue, the governor of Datong and a dragon general, was killed in the city, which affected nine sides. He also offered a reward for "capturing and killing" An Sanhan. Anshan Khan was furious when he heard this. In the summer and June of the same year, tens of thousands of soldiers from Mongolian ministries and Datong Rebel Army were reconciled, crossing Shuozhou, breaking Yan Pass and looting Qinzhou and Fenzhou. In July, An Dan Khan led the troops to burn, kill and plunder at the border, killing Zhang Shizhong, the deputy chief of the Ming army, and others. From then on, the last generation of An San Khan was a curse to the north and became a big worry of the Ming Dynasty.
Later, assistant minister of Shanxi Ministry of War Zeng xi suggested that Emperor Jiajing recover the Hetao area. Jiajing originally supported this move, but Xia Yan, the assistant cabinet minister, spared no effort to help realize Zeng Xi's theory. However, Sejong, who was suspicious by nature, had doubts about his relationship with Zeng, thus shaking his confidence in sending troops to Hetao. In the twenty-seventh year of Jiajing (1548), Jiajing was put to death by Yan Song, and Xia Yan was also abolished. Naturally, "no one has ever discussed Hetao again."
In July of the 29th year of Jiajing (1550), Anda Khan of Tatar Department assembled a large number of troops to commit Datong in the south. The Ming army responded to panic and collapsed across the board. Immediately, Anda Khan unified the army and headed for Tongzhou, divided his troops to plunder Changping and invaded the tomb of Tianshou Mountain. The capital declared martial law. Yan Song was afraid of losing the battle and warned the generals not to make a move. After plundering a lot of gold, silver, property, livestock and population, Anda Khan soldiers left the fortress calmly from Baiyangkou (now southwest of Yanqing, Beijing). Because this year is Geng Xunian, it is called "the change of Geng Xunian" in history. After the death of Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty, Daming entered the Mu Zong period of Ming Dynasty. After he acceded to the throne, he announced that he would be exempted from all the disadvantages of Jiajing Dynasty. At that time, everyone in the ruling and opposition parties pinned their hopes on the new monarch, hoping that Ming Muzong could make a difference. Ming Muzong can appoint a talent minister, so he is a "master of China materials". Generally speaking, the rule of Ming Muzong did not aggravate the social crisis in the last years of Jiajing, and even eased it. However, he died in middle age, leaving his youngest son to inherit, which provided talented cabinet ministers with an opportunity to further display their strategy of governing the country.
In his later years, the more obsessed he was with Taoist magic, the more he longed for immortality. In the 45th year of Jiajing (1566), in December, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty was critically ill. He ordered the eunuch to carry himself back to Gan Qing Palace, where he had been away for more than 20 years, and died the same day at the age of 60. After the death of Ming Shizong, his third son, Zhu Zaihou, succeeded to the throne in order to change Qin Long to Ming Shizong because his two brothers died first.
During the reign of Mu Zong in the Ming Dynasty, Qin Long was the national title. Because Zhu Zaihou lived in a mansion outside the palace before he acceded to the throne, he knew more about people's feelings. Ming Shi said he was "thrifty". There is no doubt that people employed by Ming include Xu Jie, Gao Gong and Zhang, as well as Tan Lun, Wang Chonggu, Qi Jiguang and Li. During this period, the society was relatively stable and the economy was much better than that of Jiajing Dynasty, so it was later called Qin Long New Deal by historians. In the first year of Qin Long's transfer to Qin Long (1567), Ming Muzong announced the lifting of the maritime ban, adjusted the overseas trade policy, and allowed the people to sell things widely, which was called "Qin Long transfer" in history. Private overseas trade gained legal status, and the private overseas trade in the southeast coastal areas entered a new era, and a more comprehensive opening situation appeared in the Ming Dynasty. After analysis, Wang, a mainland scholar, thinks that during the period from 1567 to 1644, the total amount of silver flowing into the Ming Dynasty from overseas was about 330 million taels, equivalent to one third of the world's total silver production. Anda Feng Gong
On September 13th, the fourth year of Qin Long (1570), Hanaji, the grandson of Tatar Department, ended the decades-long war between Ming Dynasty and Tatar Khan. After learning this, An Sanhan led the troops to attack the Ming Dynasty and threatened the Ming court to hand over Han Naji. 10, the cabinet records Gao Gong decided to accept Han Naji's surrender, appointed him as the viceroy, and gave him a red silk dress, and ordered the governor Wang Chonggu and the governor Fang to take every opportunity to make peace with An Sanhan.
1 1 month, Ankhan sent an envoy to meet with Wang Chonggu, and the two sides reached an agreement: he was knighted in the Ming Dynasty and opened up border trade. An Dan Khan bundled Zhao Quan, the founder of Anbaili, and sent him to Beijing. The Ming Dynasty also sent envoys to send Han Naji and others back to Andan Khan.
In the fifth year (157 1), in March, Ming officially awarded the title of "King of Shunyi" and gave it a seal, saying that the city where Anda Khan lived was "naturalized", and his brother and nephew grandson also had different appointments. Under the impetus of Andan Khan, soon, Hetao Jineng and other departments also requested tribute and were approved. Since then, the Hanshan Khan and other ministries have to pay tribute to each other every year, and at the same time, they have strictly restricted their subordinate ministries and must not harass the Ming Dynasty border. From then on, the border troubles in the north of the Ming Dynasty began to ease.
In May of the sixth year of Qin Long (1572), Ming was critically ill, and he appointed Gao Gong, Zhang and Gao Yi as ministers in charge of life, and ordered them to assist the young emperor. Mu Zong died at Gan Qing Palace on 26th. On the 10th day of June, Crown Prince Zhu Yijun succeeded to the throne according to the testamentary edict, and changed the following year to the first year of Wanli. This is Ming Shenzong, the longest reigning emperor in the Ming Dynasty. When he ascended the throne, he was too young to deal with state affairs, so he had to be assisted by the Empresses of the two palaces. In the early years of Wanli, the Empress Dowager of the two palaces relied on Zhang, the eunuch and cabinet official in charge of the prison, to create a good political situation.
Only one month after he ascended the throne, Zhang, a university student, used eunuchs to crowd out the high arch and replaced it with Huiji, and recommended Lu Diaoyang, a minister of rites, and the university student pavilion to participate in the maintenance. At this time, Zhang He was in charge of state affairs. After Feng and Zhang came to power, internal affairs, external affairs and state affairs were in Zhang's hands. Zhang carried out a series of measures to help the monarch. 1February 17, Zhang led a lecturer to present The Book of the Emperor's Mirror to educate young people with pictures and texts. At the same time, in order to reverse the situation of military and political corruption, financial emptiness, people's livelihood hardship and serious crisis since Jiajing and Qin Long, a series of reforms have been carried out in many aspects, such as rectifying official administration, rectifying border defense, rectifying economy, and building water conservancy projects, in order to get rid of the old and innovate, strengthen the program and eliminate disadvantages, and enrich Qiang Bing. After 10 years of efforts, most of Zhang's reform measures have been implemented and achieved remarkable results. "The sea has been destroyed, four barbarians have been subdued, and Taicang millet can last for several years." "All good things come to an end." However, his reform was opposed by bureaucratic landlords. Zhang died in the tenth year of Wanli (1582), and the political reform ended.