Hetao is an important part of the Yellow River Basin. Yinshan North and South and Hetao areas have a long history. As early as the primitive society, human ancestors lived in brick houses. In the Paleolithic Age and Neolithic Age, it had the characteristics of the natural economic form of the northern grassland. The ancient civilization characterized by Hetao culture appeared in Xia, Shang, Zhou and Qin Dynasties. The appellation of Hetao generally began in the Tang Dynasty and went through the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. "Surrounded by a river on three sides, the river is named after it, so it is called Hetao." Throughout the gestation and development process of Hetao civilization, the development history of Hetao culture is an important part of the development history of Chinese civilization, and Hetao civilization and Chinese civilization are thriving.
history
For thousands of years, the changes in Hetao area have experienced vicissitudes, and in the embrace of the Yellow River, the mother river of Chinese civilization, Hetao culture has been bred. In the formation of Hetao culture, there are five important natural and human elements, one is the Yellow River, the other is grassland, the third is Yinshan Mountain, the fourth is war, and the fifth is immigration. Needless to say, the influence of the Yellow River grassland, viewed from the Yinshan Mountain, is a natural barrier at the source of the great river and a watershed between the northern grassland and the Central Plains. "Zhongzhou has been heroic since ancient times, and it has also reached Chilechuan in Yinshan", and "Xiongnu lived without crying after losing Yinshan", which shows the importance and grandeur of Yinshan. Looking at the impact of the war, Hetao is located at the crossroads of the Central Plains and Mobei, and it has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times. The Great Wall is very representative, and there are countless fortresses and beacon towers. From the Warring States period, no matter which dynasty or nationality was the main body, it was only after the war that "each took the lead for hundreds of years". The influence of immigrants has accelerated the development of this area, and dialect is the most obvious brand that affects the formation of culture. Many place names in Hetao area are a mixture of Mongolian and Chinese, and most of them are taken from commercial names. A large number of Mongolian languages have been collected for a long time, forming the characteristics of local dialects and reflecting the strong immigrant color.
culture
Hetao culture is the product of the integration of grassland culture and Yellow River culture. Its long formation, development and complicated evolution and inheritance process, especially its relationship with Wulate and Erdos Mongolian cultures, also illustrate the relationship between Hetao culture and Yellow River culture. Hetao culture is one of the important components of the mainstream culture in the northern grassland. In grassland culture, Hetao culture is both a source and a stream. Hetao culture, as the source, has a profound historical accumulation with the northern grassland culture and is the continuation of the essence of grassland culture. As a stream, it is different from the Mongolian classic culture such as Hongshan Culture and Horqin culture in eastern Inner Mongolia, and has its unique development trend, absorbing the nourishment of profound immigrant culture in its inheritance. In the origin and development of grassland culture, it is a cultural system that originated in the late Paleolithic period, the prosperity of ancient ethnic minorities, the military settlements in Qin, Han, Ming and Qing dynasties, and continued in modern new civilization. It is an independent unit cultural circle, rich in grassland culture and complete regional cultural system, and occupies an important position in the composition of grassland culture.
bear
When it comes to tolerance, there are grasslands, plains, mountains, deserts, lakes, wetlands, colorful nature, special forms of dialogue and confrontation between grasslands and plains, large-scale immigrants and military camps, and long-term exchanges and exchanges between many nationalities, which have created the broad mind of Hetao people. According to the survey, this hot land of more than 200,000 square kilometers in Hetao area is inhabited by people from more than 0/000 counties and cities in China, and 49 of the 56 ethnic groups in China are distributed here. In addition to Mongolia, Manchu, Hui, Daur, Ewenki, Oroqen, North Korea and other major ethnic minorities in the north, Miao, Yi, Yao, Li, Bai, Zhuang, Dai, Hani, Tibetan and Tujia ethnic minorities in the south all live here. In some places, the residents of a village camp come from more than 10 provinces and regions. Such a complex and widely mixed living form is also a unique phenomenon in China, which fully reflects the inclusiveness of the cultural background in this area.
Harmonious
The harmonious spirit of Hetao culture is embodied in diet customs and religious culture. In the long years of interdependence, people of all ethnic groups have not only maintained their own traditions, but also integrated with each other, forming a unique local flavor. For example, Mongolian lamb back, roast whole sheep, instant-boiled mutton milk tea, Hui people's twist, white barbecued buns and fried cakes, Lamian Noodles in Gansu, mutton steamed buns and Chinese hamburger in northern Shaanxi, Shanxi's brand-name and unique way of eating, pork-hooked chicken and pickled cabbage stew are very popular in Mongolia and China and Xian Yi. In terms of folk customs, the forms of "weddings, funerals and weddings" of Hetao people are Mongolian, Han and Hui, and they also integrate the strengths of various ethnic groups and regions in some details, forming a relatively unified customs and habits. In the process of inheritance, all ethnic groups can learn from each other and accept recognition. The most typical is religious belief. The religious beliefs of Hetao people are a hodgepodge. The temples and churches that blossom everywhere are full of personalized characteristics. Buddhism, Christianity, Taoism and Islam all have certain followers. Even in the same village camp, different believers of the three major religions live together, and they respect and tolerate each other. This is very rare in the whole country, which fully embodies the tolerant personality endowment of Hetao people as immigrant culture. Hu Hanqin, as the swan song of national unity, national unity and harmonious development, constitutes a solid foundation of Hetao culture, unique and precious national folk culture and colorful national folk customs, condenses the wisdom of people of all ethnic groups in Hetao culture, plays a United and harmonious movement of people of all ethnic groups in the grassland, and confirms the continuation of ethnic blood integration and the inheritance of the fine tradition of national unity.
Since the pre-Qin period, Hetao area has been a military important place for the country to defend its borders and defend its country. The rise of Xiongnu, the rise and fall of Han Dynasty and the wars in Song, Yuan, Liao and Jin Dynasties are all related to the rich Hetao alluvial plain and Bayannaoer, which is rich in aquatic plants. The survival advantage here makes ancestors come from all directions, especially ethnic groups and Mongolian and other ethnic minorities live in harmony here. Multi-ethnic and multi-cultural integration has formed a special Hetao cultural system with a variety of cultures organically blended, which contains a large number of precious historical and cultural remains. Yinshan rock painting is one of the largest treasure houses of rock painting in the world. A large number of dinosaur fossils and eggs of other mammals and reptiles have been unearthed in Bayinman. The Zhao, Qin and Han Great Walls in China are spectacular. The ancient city ruins and ancient tombs all over the city, especially the Shajintao Haihan Group, are numerous and widely distributed, which is unique in China. It is said that the shochu unearthed here from the Han Dynasty wine tripod more than 2,000 years ago is one of the two remaining liquid cultural relics in China, and it also shows the ancient wine culture in this area. In addition, there are folk paintings and calligraphy, music and dance, paper-cutting, Hetao duet, mountain climbing, Manchu-Han banquet, folk customs and so on, all of which are important contents of Hetao culture. So "Hetao" is not a place name in the general sense. It mainly shows Hetao culture and the harmony between culture and nature.
To sum up, Hetao culture is an important part of the Yellow River culture and grassland culture, a treasure in the northern culture of our country, and a typical representative of the convergence and blending of farming civilization and nomadic civilization in the history of human development. It has the unique cultural characteristics and strong cultural tolerance of the collision and blending of grassland culture and farming culture. The formation of Hetao culture plays an important role in the military history of northern China, the cultural history of Urad grassland, nomadic settlements and the history of reclamation and development. Exploring and discussing Hetao culture, inheriting and promoting Hetao culture, and creating and spreading Hetao culture are of great practical and far-reaching historical significance for enriching the connotation and extension of Yellow River culture and grassland culture, improving the competitiveness, influence and radiation of regional economic culture, improving local popularity, attraction and cohesion, and promoting the comprehensive and coordinated development of regional economy and society.