Bayu Culture
Bayu culture is part of the long history of traditional Chinese culture.
More than three thousand years of history in this land carved out a unique culture of Bayu.
Chongqing people "dry", straight with a few reckless, enthusiastic in the clip a few cunning, humor and some children in the earth, tolerance in a few xenophobic, good fight, good to see the fun.
Chongqing people eat spicy hot pot, the hotter the hotter the sale, the hotter the more people eat, the more eat more complete varieties, mandarin duck hot pot, four flavors of hot pot, medicinal hot pot, fish head hot pot, sheep hot pot, kind of eat all over, have to line up ten days and a half months.
Chongqing individual catering industry, with special dishes and services to attract customers, the formation of Nanshan spring chicken, six kilometers of beer and duck food street, Geleishan spicy chicken, Magtekou Douhua fish, Tongnan Tai'an fish, Pishan Lai Feng fish, and other influential food zone.
Chongqing people's foot strength is good, because out of the door on the climb, men and women of all ages to get exercise, but also practiced the Chongqing girl's willow small waist.
The foggy winters and hot and humid summers also give the girls delicate white skin; from childhood to eat the usual spicy and fragrant Sichuan cuisine, so that they are fiery, straight-talking, a talk on the voice to hang high.
The old people love to listen to Sichuan opera, Sichuan opera language lively, humorous, three points sing, seven points to play, half of the stage drums and gongs half of the stage, lively and extraordinary.
Street teahouse, cheap and easy, a square table, a bamboo chair, plus a dollar a bowl of tea, DP while listening to the side of the gossip, see the traffic, comfortable retreat; luxury teahouse, comfortable and quiet, a piano teacher to send over the beautiful music, wearing a lapel coat, "Dr. Tea," with a long and thin spouted teapot for the guests to renew the water, and there are thrills and risks, free to go to the tea house.
Tongliang has a long history of dragon lanterns, which started in the Sui and Tang dynasties, flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and is famous today.
The saying "Hechuan lantern, Dazu fish, Tongliang dragon" has been passed down from ancient times to today.
Tongliang Dragon Dance, with big props, big movements, big scenes to show big momentum, big hustle and bustle, big fun, coupled with cheerful folk music, intense folk fireworks, to create a warm atmosphere of celebration.
Chongqing acrobatics, well-known in China and abroad, Chongqing Acrobatic Art Troupe "shaking board Xiao Bowls" won the Ninth World Future Acrobatics Competition Silver Medal and the National Acrobatics Competition Golden Lion Award; "turn the disk", "the ground circle" won the National Acrobatics Competition Silver Lion Award.
Rongchang folding fan, delicate and elegant, elaborate production, exquisite craftsmanship, a variety of varieties, between the feet, full of pearls, the appearance of Wanfang, is a special daily necessities and crafts treasures.
Also, Dazu Longshui knife can be bought, Qijiang peasant painting can be seen, Wanzhou "Tan carpenter" comb famous in the world.
Chongqing people over the centuries to form the Spring Festival to pay homage to the New Year, the fifteenth day to see the lanterns, the Qingming Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival to enjoy the moon, as well as hanging wine fronts, catching the temple, sedan chair, kite flying and other folklore, and other regions of China, compared with the same.
But since Chongqing has five Tujia and Miao autonomous counties, these two warm and traditional ethnic groups have their own unique folk festivals.
The handy Tujia people have a remarkable talent for dancing.
Every year, from the third to the fifteenth day of the first month, the Tujia people hold grand rituals, prayers, and joyous celebrations.
Men, women and children put on their festive dresses and dance the joyful and enthusiastic Pendulum Dance.
At one time, the ears are full of noisy drums and music, and the eyes are full of dancing shadows.
The Hmong, who are brave and warlike, have a penchant for singing.
The annual "Catch the Autumn" is a traditional festival for the Miao people to show their singing voice.
Young men and women can also "catch the fall" festival, through the voice of song to express their love for each other.
Sacrifices, prayers, celebrations
Qianjiang region of the Tujia, in the first three to fifteen days of the first month of the year, there are large-scale sacrifices, prayers, celebrations, during which to dance swinging hands.
At the time of the event, the bustling, hundreds of miles around the Tujia people, men clad in cilantro kapu, women in colorful dresses, come in teams.
Swinging hands in front of the Church, decorated with lanterns, sorcerer wearing a high hat, waist tie eight skirt, hand shaking the copper bell Division knife, hand dancing to command.
Three cannons, drums and music, suddenly singing, men and women with each other, dancing and dancing, all night long.
"Red lanterns ten thousand people a thousand stacks, a piece of lingering swing hand song."
The Pendulum Dance originated from the ancient Bayu Dance, with single pendulum, double pendulum, and pirouette pendulum movements, showing ceremonial rites, labor scenarios, or battle movements, with fast rhythm, beautiful dance posture, and primitive breath that shocks the heart.
Miao "Catch Autumn"
The Miao people can sing and dance well, the Miao song or high-pitched and impassioned, or clear and clear, people do not meet the song to meet, everyone will sing, to song greetings, with songs to narrate, with songs to send love.
Songs, Miao people are inseparable shadow, or young men and women to express their feelings, communicate the heart of the big matchmaker.
Wedding, more away from the song, the master to sing to the guests thank the guests song, the matchmaker sing thank the matchmaker song, we have to sing to the newlyweds blessing song, friends and family to race each other song, song, disk song, even sing three days and three nights.
"Catch the autumn" is the annual traditional festival of the Miao people, the day of the autumn, the cottage of the Miao people, dressed in festive costumes, from all directions to the autumn field, the field of drums and gongs, the song lingers on the swings, on the knife ladder, dance lions, play dragon lanterns, jumping monkeys inspired by the drums and drums, the song stage race song, lively and unusual.
Young men and women use the "Catch the fall" to identify couples, song Lang song lady show their singing voice.
In addition, the Miao festival, there are "March 3", "June 6", "July 7", "over the Miao Festival "and" Sheep and Horses Festival "and so on.
1, Qijiang farmers prints
Qijiang County, Chongqing City, is a mountainous county mainly in agriculture, where there is a bloom of prints exuding the fragrance of the soil - Qijiang farmers prints.
Qijiang peasant printmaking combines stone carving, wood carving, clay sculpture, paper-cutting, embroidery, batik and other ancient folk crafts into printmaking, which makes the art of printmaking full of vivid, lively, bright, simple, childish and humorous features.
The peasant prints are a wonder of Chinese folk art, and have been highly praised by the art circles at home and abroad.
In 1985, the Department of Culture of Sichuan Province, the Provincial Artists Association and Chongqing Municipality *** awarded Qijiang County the title of "Hometown of Peasant Printmaking"; and in February 1988, the Ministry of Culture of China named Qijiang County the "Hometown of Modern Folk Painting in China".
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2. Tongliang Dragon Lantern
Tongliang County is located in the northwest of Chongqing Municipality, and the county seat is 103 kilometers away from Chongqing Municipality.
Tongliang Dragon Lantern is both a colorful dragon and lamp, as well as a dance with the dragon and lamp as props, and it is a comprehensive folk art integrating dance, music, fine arts and handicrafts.
The characteristics of Tongliang dragon can be summarized into three words: big, long and alive.
"Big" not only refers to the body shape, and refers to the exaggerated shape, artwork set of Chinese painting, drawing, paper-cutting, embroidery and other skills as a whole, and with reference to the depiction of the theatrical face, color brush walking ridge, depicting the art, focusing on highlighting the dragon's temperament, so that it is rich and magnificent.
The length of the dragon is generally around 24 knots, with moderate proportions and flexible dancing.
"Live" is to say that the dragon dance operation to introduce mechanical principles, the development of hand-cranked, clockwork, electric and other ways to make the dragon leaping and rolling more agile and dashing, alive and well.
3, Xiushan lanterns
Chongqing Xiushan Miao and Tujia autonomous county is located in Chongqing, Hunan, Guizhou, Hubei four provinces and cities border, where the mountains and water, people and spirit, folk culture and art is extremely rich, especially lanterns are most popular.
Xiushan lanterns are a simple, witty, lyrical, beautiful, integrated art of song, dance, percussion and music.
It originated from the indigenous people's "Jumping Tuan Tuan" in the Yuan Dynasty, and gradually evolved into a folk art with unique style under the influence of various ethnic cultures.
Lantern props: lanterns, flowers and lights.
Flowers, hand-cut into a variety of flowers inlay pasted on the lights, colorful; lights, bamboo gabion, white paper paste, paste the new edge, hanging colorful hanging, divided into four-cornered, hexagonal, square, open the road lighting, good luck and good fortune, the five grains; fan, fan, folding fan, fan, dance skills, called the "fan Gong", difficult; table, the original lanterns, the main props. The table is the main props of the original lanterns.
Xiushan County is known as the "hometown of lantern songs and dances".
Hua Lantern Opera originated from the Han Chinese "lamp children's play", and later integrated into the Xiushan Tujia, Miao song and dance performance skills, developed into a novel style, singing and dancing, for the Han Tujia Miao people love the art form.
4, Youyang Pendulum Dance
Pendulum Dance is an ancient folk dance of the Tujia people, which began in the Tang Dynasty and has been passed down to the present day.
Pendulum dance, as few as dozens of hundreds of people, called the "small pendulum dance"; more than thousands of people to tens of thousands of people, called the "big pendulum dance".
The dance form has a "single pendulum", "double pendulum", "pirouette pendulum", etc.; dance more imitation of trekking, agricultural labor, fighting posture, rock eagle wings, daily life.
These dance movements, stretching and generous, with a strong sense of life, show the bold and bold national character of the Tujia people.
Whenever there are festivals and celebrations, the Tujia people will go to the "Waving Hands Hall" or lawns and dams to dance the Waving Hands Dance.
5, Jiulong carpets
Jiulong Town, Jiulongpo District, is located in the western suburbs of Chongqing, jurisdiction over six natural villages, four neighborhood committees, the agricultural population of more than 8000 people.
For more than 20 years, Jiulong Town has been relentlessly exploring the way to develop a distinctive culture, with the creation of couplings as the leading mass cultural activities rooted in the fertile soil of the folk, through calligraphy, painting, seal carving and other carriers, Ten Dengshan City, eight on Chengdu, nine out of the Three Gorges, seven Fusan.
The Nine Dragons Couplets are quite ornamental with their vivid form, elegant style and unique flavor, supplemented by calligraphy and jinshi.
By the end of 1999, more than 3,600 people in Nine Dragons have created more than 24,000 works, of which more than 10,000 are widely used in people's daily life, and more than 260 are carved on wood, stone, bamboo, brick, stainless steel, and other materials hanging all over the place all year round; and 22 series of Nine Dragons Couplets have been compiled and printed, with a cumulative total of ten thousand copies.
In March 2000, Jiulong Couplets won the title of "Bayu Top Ten Folk Art".
6, Liangping three best
The traditional Liangshan Lantern Opera, Liangping New Year's Paintings and Liangping Bamboo Curtains are known as the "Liangping three best".
Once known as the East Sichuan oddball, in 2000 was named one of the top ten Bayu folk art.
Liangshan Lantern Opera, commonly known as "Bao Tou Opera", is a folk opera genre native to Liangping.
As far back as the Ming Zhengde period (1506--1522), it stood out from the folk "playing with lanterns" and "rice-planting opera"; by the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the Liangshan lantern opera had spread to the cities and towns, and was performed on festive occasions. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the Liangshan Lantern Opera spread throughout the city and countryside, and at festivals and festivals, they built platforms for competing performances, gradually spreading to the surrounding area, forming the "Liangshan Cavity System" that permeates dozens of varieties of plays in hundreds of counties in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and in 13 provinces and cities in the South China Sea.
Liangping New Year's Paintings were once known as one of the three major New Year's Paintings in the "Land of Heaven".
Liangping New Year Painting originated in the early Qing Dynasty and has a history of more than 300 years.
It uses romanticism and bold artistic refinement to drive away evil spirits and bring good fortune, celebrations and historical stories as the theme, with unique and exquisite modeling, lively characters, wit and humor, full of strong local flavor, and technically equipped with the effects of animation, paper-cutting and cartooning. Give a person a strong form of beauty, as a set of color woodcut prints, has a very high artistic value, and its rich humanistic connotation, a long time to see never get tired of.
Liangping Bamboo Curtain The production process has a history of more than a thousand years.
With historical records, as early as in the Northern Song Dynasty, it was listed as a royal tribute, known as "the world's first curtain".
Liangping Bamboo Curtain is made of locally produced Cizhu bamboo, using traditional craftsmanship and combining calligraphy, painting, embroidery, flocking and other means of expression to produce various forms of hanging curtains, screens, decorative paintings and practical crafts.
It is elegant in color and fine in craftsmanship, with strong local characteristics and natural charm.
7, Jielong blowing
Chongqing Banan District, Jielong Town, folk blowing music playing are with a long history of mountainous areas of local flavor and traditional cultural practices.
Along with the development of society, rooted in the vast number of mountain people, continue to inherit, explore, and innovate the folk blowing and playing music to form a different style, colorful characteristics, and become a mountainous countryside the rise of folk music power.
Solitaire folk music is known as the Bayu culture of a strange flower.
Its characteristics: a variety of varieties, rich tunes, the division of music class, a variety of genres.
In 1991, Jielong established the Folk Blow Music Association, which had more than 500 members; in 1996, Jielong Town established the Folk Blow Music Art Troupe.
At the end of 1991, the Chongqing Municipal Bureau of Culture named Jielong area as the "folk music township".
In March 2000, the Chongqing Municipal Bureau of Culture, Chongqing Evening News and other organizations through the mass voting and expert review, assessed the "Bayu Top Ten Folk Art", "Bayu Blow" list, is specifically refers to the Banan District, Jielong Town and Jinqiao Township, Wansheng District. Wansheng District, Jinqiao Township folk music.
8, Mudong Mountain Song
Mudong is located in the east of Chongqing, the south bank of the Yangtze River, is a town in Banan District, Chongqing.
Mudong Mountain Songs have more than 100 tunes, including labor horns, mountain songs, ditties, as well as custom songs, dance songs and so on.
The labor songs include boat songs, stonemasonry, portering, workshop, farming songs and labor songs, such as the running tune, etc. The mountain songs include Wo Lai, Shen Ge, Pan Ge, Luo Er tune, etc. Especially Wo Lai and Pan Ge are the most distinctive.
Wooden caves have high, flat, short, flowery and even eight lines; pan songs, in addition to the self-pan, there are also pairs of pan, even sentence pan, mostly improvisational singing, and natural, lively; ditties have enlightenment songs, house repair songs, narrative songs, seasonal ballads, chanting tunes, etc.; customary songs have festival songs, wine songs, birthday songs, etc.
Wooden caves are also known as the "Sacred Songs".
Mudong people's mountain songs from the countryside, creeks and rivers to the city's literary stage, higher education, film and television screen; from the banks of the Yangtze River to the western plains of Sichuan, known far and wide.
In 1990, the Chongqing Municipal Bureau of Culture named Mudong Township as the "Township of Mountain Songs".