Jian'an two years (197 AD), Zhuge Xuan died of illness. Zhuge Liang and his siblings lost their livelihood, they moved to Nanyang, 17-year-old Zhuge Liang and his friend Xu Shu and other teachers in the water mirror Mr. Sima Hui. He saw that Liu Biao was mediocre and incompetent, not the Lord of the world, so he set up a hut in the mountains of Longzhong, twenty miles west of Xiangyang City, and lived in seclusion for the time being, which was in 197 A.D.. Zhuge Liang in Longzhong has been living in seclusion for ten years, he made friends with Jiangnan celebrities, "every self-comparison in Guanzhong, Le Yi", love to sing "Liang Fu Yin", make friends with Pang Degong, Pang Tong, Sima Hui, Huang Chengyan, Shi Guangyuan, CuiZhouPing, XuShu and other celebrities. His wisdom was recognized by everyone, and he had the ambition to conquer the world. He paid close attention to the development of the current situation, so he knew the situation of the world like the back of his hand. He was known as the "Crouching Dragon". He married the daughter of Huang Chengyan.
Jian'an 12 years (207 AD), Zhuge Liang was 27 years old, Liu Bei three visits to the Cottage, met with Zhuge Liang, asked to unify the world plan, Zhuge Liang incisively analyzed the situation at that time, put forward the first to seize the Jing, Yi as a base, the internal reform of the political, external united with Sun Quan, the south to pacify the Yi-Yue Yue, the west and the Rong, waiting for the time, two-way out of the northern expedition, so as to unify the country of the strategic thinking, this conversation is the famous "Longan", which is a "Longan", the "Longan". This conversation is the famous "Longzhong Pair". Liu Bei listened to Zhuge Liang this pithy and thorough analysis, the idea of open-minded. He felt that Zhuge Liang talent is rare, so earnestly asked Zhuge Liang to come out of the mountain, to help him to complete the restoration of the Han dynasty's great cause. Zhuge Liang then went out to assist Liu Bei, the Sun against Cao, the battle of Red Cliff defeated Cao's army. Formed the Three Kingdoms tripod situation, seized Jingzhou. In the 16th year of Jian'an, he captured Yizhou. After that, he defeated Cao's army and captured Hanzhong. In the 26th year, Liu Bei established the Shu Han regime in Chengdu, Zhuge Liang was appointed prime minister, but did not open the government, presiding over the government.
In the spring of the third year of the Zhangwu era (223 AD), Liu Bei fell ill in Yong'an and summoned Zhuge Liang to entrust him with the aftermath of the event, saying: "Your talent is ten times greater than Cao Pi's, so you will be able to secure the country and ultimately achieve great things. If the heir can be assisted, then assisted; if he is not talented, you can take himself." Zhuge Liang cried, "I will do my best to assist him, and I will die for my loyalty and chastity!" After the Lord assumed the throne.
Liu Zen, the second lord of Shu Han, succeeded to the throne, and Zhuge Liang was named Marquis of Wuxiang, leading the Yizhou pastor. The Prime Minister's Office was established to handle daily affairs. At that time, the country's military, political, financial, no matter how big or small, all decided by Zhuge Liang, reward and punishment. Externally, he allied with the Eastern Wu, internally, he improved the relationship with the southwestern tribes, and practiced the use of cantonment and strengthened the war preparation. Jianxing five years (A.D. 227), on the sparse (that is, "out of the division table") in Liu Zen, led the army stationed in Hanzhong, before and after the six northern expedition to the Central Plains, more to run out of food without success. In the twelfth year, he died in Wuzhangyuan army due to illness and labor, and entrusted the aftermath to Jiang Wei.
Zhuge Liang is an orthodox thinker who upholds the feudal system and reveres Confucian loyalty and morality. However, Zhuge Liang did not adhere to Confucian dogma, he honored the king but not hobbling the barbarians, advancing into the south of the middle of the country, and caressing the barbarians and the Vietnamese, in the Three Kingdoms in the implementation of the best national policy. Zhuge Liang has become a role model for future generations with his spirit of "bowing to the utmost, and dying only after death".
For centuries, China has portrayed Zhuge Liang as the embodiment of wisdom, and his legendary stories have been recounted throughout the world. Zhuge Liang was skillful in tactics, resourceful and decisive, and was always ingenious. He innovated the "continuous crossbow", which can fire 10 arrows continuously; made the "wooden oxen and horses", which is convenient for military transportation in mountainous areas; he also deduced the art of war, made the "Eight Formation Diagrams", and invented the "Kongming Lantern". They also made the "Eight Formation Chart" and invented the "Kongming Lantern".
Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan was a famous scholar of his time. Zhuge Liang's brother, Zhuge Jin, worked for Sun Quan in Wu, and was appointed as the General, left guardian, and the pastor of Yuzhou. Zhuge Liang's younger brother, Zhuge Duan, served in Wei as a minister of the Ministry of Revenue, and was promoted to the position of assassin of Yangzhou, general of Zhendong, and chief of the Department of the Imperial Household. The three brothers were "both famous, each in a country. At that time, it was thought that 'Shu got its dragon, Wu got its tiger, and Wei got its dog'" ("Shishu Xinyao"). Pin Zao" note: the dog is a "merit dog" of the dog, although not the ratio of dragon and tiger, but also very meritorious people, so it is said and prestigious ...).
The dog is the dog of the "Kung Fu Dog".
Chronology
Year No. A.D. Age Life and deeds
Guanghe 4 years 181 years 1 years old A.D. 181 lunar calendar on the 14th day of the 4th month Zhu Geliang was born in Luangxie Yangdu (now Yinan County, Shandong Province).
Zhongping 6 years 189 years 9 years old Zhuge Liang's birth mother Zhang died.
Chuping 3 years 192 years 12 years old Zhuge Liang's father Zhuge Gui dies.
Xingping 1st year 194 years old 14 years old Zhuge Liang, his younger brother Zhuge Jun, and his younger sister are adopted by his uncle Zhuge Xuan, and his brother Zhuge Jin goes to Jiangdong with his stepmother.
Chuping 2 195 15 years old Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan is appointed governor of Yuzhang, and he and his younger siblings go to Yuzhang (now Nanchang) with his uncle.
Jian'an 2 197 17 years old Zhuge Xuan dies of illness. Zhuge Liang and his younger siblings move to Nanyang.
Jian'an 4 199 years 19 years old Zhuge Liang and his friend Xu Shu study under Mr. Sima Hui, the Water and Mirror Master.
Jian'an 12 years 207 years 27 years old Liu Bei three visits to the cottage, Zhuge Liang to Liu Bei three world plan, that is, the famous "grass hut right". Liu Bei's plan to divide the world into three parts was famously called the "Grass Hut Pair".
Jian'an 13, 208, 28 Zhuge Liang persuades Sun Quan to ally with Liu Bei, winning the Battle of Red Cliff.
Jian'an 14th year 209 years old 29 years old Zhuge Liang was appointed as the general of the military division.
Jian'an 16th year 211 years 31 years old Zhuge Liang defends Jingzhou with Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun.
Jian'an 19th year 214 years old 34 years old Zhuge Liang leaves Guan Yu to guard Jingzhou, and leads an army with Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun to meet Liu Bei. Liu Bei enters Chengdu and takes charge of Ba Shu. Zhuge Liang becomes the general of the Shu army, acting as the left general, and concurrently serves in the office of the Grand Secretary of State.
Jian'an 20 years 215 years 35 years old Zhuge Liang rectifies the internal affairs of Ba Shu.
Jian'an 23rd year 218 years old 36 years old Zhuge Liang stayed in Ba Shu to raise military food to supply Liu Bei who was fighting in Hanzhong.
Shu Zhangwu First Year 221 Age 41 Liu Bei ascends the throne and establishes the state of Shu. Zhuge Liang becomes prime minister.
Shu Jianxing first year 223 years old 43 years old Liu Bei Baidi City entrusted Zhuge Liang. Liu Zen appointed Zhuge Liang as Marquis of Wuxiang, and led the Shepherd of Yizhou.
Shu Jianxing 2 years 224 years 44 years old Zhuge Liang adjusts the internal affairs of Ba Shu and stabilizes the people's hearts, which have been confused by Liu Bei's defeat.
3 years of Jianxing in Shu 225 years 45 years old Zhuge Liang leads an expedition to stabilize the four southern counties.
4 Years of Jianxing in Shu 226 Years 46 years old Zhuge Liang prepares to raise a division to attack Wei.
Shu Jianxing 5 Years 227 Years 47 Zhuge Liang submits the Form of Expedition to Liu Chan, the later lord of Shu, for a northern expedition.
6th year of Jianxing in Shu 228 years old 48 years old, Zhuge Liang loses Jiejuting in the Northern Expedition, and is demoted to the position of Right General and Prime Minister.
Shu Jianxing 7 years 229 years 49 years old Zhuge Liang once again went on a northern expedition, captured Wudu and Yinping, and resumed the post of prime minister.
Shu Jianxing 8 Years 230 Years 50 Years Zhuge Liang again went on a northern expedition.
9th year of Jianxing of Shu 231 years old 51 years old Zhuge Liang goes on a northern expedition to attack Qishan, defeating Sima Yi and defeating the Wei general Zhang He.
Shu Jianxing 11 years 233 years 53 years old Zhuge Liang builds a pavilion in Xiegu and collects grain.
12th year of Jianxing of Shu 234 years old 54 years old Zhuge Liang died of illness at Wuzhangyuan during another northern expedition.
Writings
Zhuge Liang's writings are contained in the original biography of the Records of the Three Kingdoms (三国志), which contains a catalog of Zhuge's collected works, ****24 articles, with one hundred and forty-four thousand one hundred and twelve characters.
Later compilers, with the Qing's Zhang Shu edited version of Zhuge Zhongwuhou Wenji is more complete.
Zhuge Liang's famous main works include: "The Former Division Table", "The Later Division Table" (or the later part of the book is a forgery of Zhuge's name, the authenticity of which is doubtful), and "The Book of Commandments".
Please declare the posthumous edict of Emperor Daxing table
Fu Wei Daxing Emperor Mai Ren Shude, cover the boundless, Hao Tian does not hang, bed disease 弥留, this month twenty-fourth moribund to rise in the day, my concubine bawling, as if bereaved of her parents. I am concerned about the posthumous edict, the matter is but Taizong, moving the loss and gain; hundred Liu hair mourning, full three days in addition to clothing, to the burial period after the ceremony; the county sheriffs, phases, lieutenants, county magistrates, three days will be in addition to clothing. I have received the edicts and precepts in person, and I am afraid of the gods, so I dare not violate them. I would like to ask you to declare it and implement it.
The Three Kingdoms Records, Volume 32, Shu Shu 先主传》.
Southern Expedition Table
Initially, it was said that Gao Ding had lost his cave and had been given his wife, and that he had exhausted all his plans, and that he should return to his head in order to save his life.
The Table of the Exit of the Divisions
I, Liang, said, "The late emperor's establishment was not yet halfway through, but he demised in the middle of the road, and today the lower part of the country is divided into three parts, and Yizhou is weary and worn out, which is the autumn of the crisis. However, the guards of the ministers unremittingly in the internal, loyal soldiers forget their bodies in the external, cover the former emperor's special treatment, want to report to His Majesty also. It is appropriate to open up the Holy Hearing, to light the legacy of the late emperor, to restore the spirit of ambition, it is not appropriate to be presumptuous, citing a metaphor for the loss of righteousness, in order to plug the road of loyal advice.
Palace in the House, all as one, check and punish Zang Fu, should not be different. If there is a treacherous and loyal good people, it is appropriate to pay the Secretary to discuss their punishment and reward, to show that His Majesty's rule of calm and bright, it is not appropriate to favoritism, so that the internal and external law is also different.
Serving center, the guards of Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun, etc., this are all good real, Zhiqi loyal and pure, it is to the first emperor briefly to leave Your Majesty. I thought that the palace, no matter how big or small, all to consult, and then implement, will be able to make up for the queues, some of the broad benefits.
General to the favor, sex line Shu even, know the military, trial in the past, the late emperor said that can, is to all suggest that the favor to the governor. I think that the camp, no matter how big or small, all to consult, will be able to make the line Chen and Mu, the advantages and disadvantages also. Pro-virtuous ministers, far from the small man, the first Han so prosperous; pro-virtuous, far from the virtuous ministers, after Han so decadent. When the late emperor, each and the minister on this matter, did not sigh not hate in the Huan, Ling also. Squire, the book, the long history, the military, this is all chastity bright death section of the ministers, I hope that Your Majesty pro the letter, then the Han room of the long, can be expected in the next few days.
Minister of cloth, plowing Nanyang, to survive the chaos, do not seek to be heard in the vassals. The late emperor did not think that I am despicable, obscene from the wrong, three visits to the minister in the hut, consulting the minister to the current affairs of the world, and is grateful, and then allowed the late emperor to drive. After the capitulation, appointed in the losing army, ordered in distress, recently twenty one years ago.
The late emperor knew that I was cautious, so I was sent to the great things. Since I was appointed, I have been worried all the time, fearing that the entrustment is not effective, in order to hurt the late emperor's Ming, so I crossed the Lulu in May, deep into the hairless. Now the south has been fixed, armor and troops have been enough, when the award rate of the three armies, the north of the Central Plains, the exhaustion of the incompetent, the removal of the treacherous, the restoration of the Han Dynasty, back to the old capital, (North) [This] I am so to report to the late emperor, and loyal to His Majesty's duty. As for the discretionary gains and losses, into the loyal words, the Youzhi, Yi, Yun's responsibility.
I hope that Your Majesty will entrust me with the task of recovering the country; if not, then I will be punished for the crime of telling the spirit of the late Emperor. If it is to blame Youzhi, Yi, Yun and other slow, in order to recognize its blame. Your Majesty is also advisable to seek your own, to consult Suwa good road, to detect and accept the elegant words. The deep pursuit of the late emperor's legacy, I am grateful for the grace.
Now when far away, in the form of tears, I do not know what to say.
The Book of Commandments
The gentleman's behavior, quiet to cultivate the body, thrift to cultivate virtue. It is not the desire to be indifferent that makes one's mind clear, and it is not the tranquility that makes one's mind far-reaching. If you want to learn, you have to be quiet, and if you want to learn, you have to learn, and if you don't learn, you don't have the will to learn. Slow and obscene can not motivate the essence, the risk of restlessness can not be ruled. Years and time, the intention to go with the day, so into the withered, more than not take over the world, the sad keep poor hut, will be back and how!
Historical records
See "Three Kingdoms". Volume 35? The Book of Shu Zhuge Liang's Biography. Written by Chen Shou of the Jin Dynasty.
Review: Zhuge Liang's for the Xiangguo also, caressing the people, show the rituals, about the official position, from the system of power, open sincere, cloth justice; loyal benefit time, although the enemy must reward, although the law of negligence, although the relatives must be punished, serving the crime of loss of love, although heavy must be released, although the light of rhetoric and skillfully decorated must be killed; good no micro and not reward, no fiber of the evil not depreciate; the common things are refined, the physical nature of their own, the name of the accusation of the truth, the falsehoods not to be ashamed of; finally, the State within the territory of the salty love, and finally the state of the fear, although harsh and no grudges. Although the punishment is harsh, there is no complaint, because his heart is calm and exhortation is clear. Can be said to recognize the good talent of governance, pipe, Xiao's subpar carry on. However, he did not succeed in mobilizing the people for many years, because he was not the best in the field of strategy and adaptability!
Historical Evaluation
Chen Shou: ①Ge Liang, as a minister of the state, had been able to comfort the people, show the rules and regulations, appoint the officials, and follow the system of authority; he had been able to open up his heart to the people and spread justice; those who had been loyal and beneficial to the time would be rewarded even though they colluded with the people, those who had violated the laws and were slow in their work would be punished even though they were close to the people, those who had served the crimes and lost the love of the people would be released even though they were heavy, and those who had been deceitful and skillful in their speeches would be killed even though they were light; he had never rewarded goodness for the smallest amount of goodness, and he never depreciated evils for the slightest amount of evilness; Finally, within the state, all fear and love, although the punishment is harsh, but no complaints, because of its heart and exhortation is also clear. Can be said to recognize the good talent of governance, pipe, Xiao's subpar carry on. However, he did not succeed in mobilizing the people for many years, which was because he was not good at responding to changes and strategizing! ②When Bei demised, his heir was young and weak, so Liang specialized in every detail. As a result, he was able to make laws and regulations, organize the military forces, and make the best use of his skills in engineering; he was strict in science and education, and trusted in rewards and punishments, so that no evil was left unpunished and no good was left unremarkable. The people of Liang and Yi have been thinking about it, and they think that it is a good thing. To this day, the people of Liang and Yi are still talking about Liang, even though Gantang's song of Duke Zao and Zheng's song of ZiYan are not far from the truth. Meng Ke said: "If you make the people by the way of ease, you will not complain even though you work hard; if you kill people by the way of life, you will not be angry even though you die." I believe it! The commentators may blame Liang for not being too colorful, but too Dingning and Zhouzhi. My humble opinion is that the blame of the great sages, the sages of the Duke of Zhou, the examination of the book of the Shang Dynasty, the blame of the plan of the leisurely and elegant, the enjoin of the Duke of Zhou is annoying and comprehensive. Why? Carefree talked with Shun and Yu, while the Duke of Zhou swore an oath with his subordinates. The words of Liang were spoken by all the people, so his words could not reach far. However, the last words of his voice teachings, all the things of the past, the public sincerity of the heart, shaped in the text, enough to know the meaning of his people, and complementary to the current world. ④Ran Liang's talents were long in military management and short in strategic planning, and his ability to manage the people was better than that of a general. But the enemy, or worth of people, plus the number of people are not the same, attack and defense of different body, so although the years of mobilization, not a gram. In the past, Xiao He recommended Han Xin, and Guan Zhong raised Prince Chengfu, all of which were thinking about their own strengths, and could not have both. Liang's ability to political reasoning, or also tube, Xiao's subpar, and the time of the famous generals without the city father, Han Xin, so that the work of the late, less than the righteousness of the evil? The fate of heaven has its return, and it is not for the intellect to contend. ⑤Liang has the talent of the young and the tool of the Yingba. (6) Prime Minister Zhuge was resolute and loyal, forgetting his own life and worrying about his country.
Character Evaluation
Yang Drama: Zhongwu Yinggao, the advice of the riverside, climbed the Wu Lianshu, the right to my world really. I received the legacy of Ah Heng, the entire military Qi Wen, the presentation of moral education, the management of things to move the wind, the wise and the foolish competing heart, legitimate forget their own. The birth of a quiet state, the four descendants to appease, and repeatedly visited the enemy court, really show its power, research and refinement of the great powers, hated in the not yet razed.
Zhang Xiu: the public reward is not left far, punishment is not near, the title can not be taken without merit, the penalty can not be exempted from the noble situation, this is the reason why the wise and fools legitimately forget their own people.
Jia Yan: Zhuge Liang good governance.
Liu Ye: Zhuge Liang is good at governance and is a minister.
Fu Gan: Zhuge Liang is a good ruler and knows how to change, and he is a good strategist, but he is a minister.
Liu Bei: ①Jun talent ten times Cao Pi, will be able to secure the country, and finally set the great things. ② I have Kong Ming, like a fish has water.
Cao Rui: Liang's ambition is big but not see the opportunity, more strategy but less decision-making, good soldiers but no power!
Sima Yi: the world's wonders!
Memorial monuments
Ge Liang's memorial monuments are many, there are dozens of the country. Zhuge Liang for the prime minister of Shu Han, during his lifetime was named "Marquis Wuxiang" (Wuxiang in today's Hanzhong City, Wuxiang Town), after his death was posthumously awarded the "Zhongwu Marquis" by Liu Zen, so history honors its ancestral temple for the "Marquis Wuxiang Ancestral Shrine "The first Wuhou Ancestral Hall in honor of Zhuge Liang is located in the center of the city. The earliest Wuhou Ancestral Hall in honor of Zhuge Liang is in Mianxian County, Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province. The Wuhou Ancestral Hall in Mianxian County was built in the spring of the sixth year of the Jingyao era (263 A.D.). It is opposite to the Tomb of the Marquis of Wu on Dingjun Mountain. Mianxian Wuhou Ancestral Hall is the first Wuhou Ancestral Hall in the world. Mianxian Wuhou Ancestral Temple is the location of the Zhuge Liang went to Hanzhong in the year the army of the northern expedition of the former site of the "Regiment Xiangfu". At present, in addition to Chengdu Wuhou Ancestral Hall and Mianxian Wuhou Ancestral Hall, there are also Nanyang Wuhou Ancestral Hall, Baidicheng Wuhou Ancestral Hall, Baoshan Wuhou Ancestral Hall of Yunnan Province, Qishan Wuhou Ancestral Hall, and so on. In addition, there are also the Wujiangyuan Zhuge Temple built before the Tang Dynasty, the Wuhou Palace (Puqi, Hubei) built in the Ming Dynasty, and the Huangling Temple (Yichang, Hubei) built during the Jian'an Period. Zhuge Town in Lanxi, Zhejiang Province, was named after Zhuge Liang's children and grandchildren, who lived here for generations. The Prime Minister's Shrine was built during the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty. There are fifty-two ancient buildings in the Prime Minister's Ancestral Hall, and there are Zhuge Liang's spiritual seats inside. In recent years, Lanxi Prime Minister Ancestral Hall has become more and more famous, and its influence is growing day by day.
Invention
China has always been politically and militarily oriented, and has never paid enough attention to science and technology. Zhuge Liang had a special contribution in this regard. However, the Records of the Three Kingdoms (《三国志》) records three inventions by Zhuge Liang's wife, Huang Yueying (黃月英), "the loss and gain of even worn-out clocks, wooden oxen and horses, all out of his mind". Pei note quoted "Wei's Spring and Autumn Annals": "and loss and gain even worn out, called Yuan Rong, with iron as a vector, vector length of eight inches, a worn out ten vectors are fired". This was a major military improvement, which often gave it the upper hand when confronting the tough Wei army. Even if Sima Yi with the army, can only hold out. In a head-on confrontation, the end of Zhuge Liang's life, Shu and Wei armies have always been on an equal footing. Wooden ox flow horse is the improvement of the means of transportation, in the war, soldiers and horses have not moved, food and grass first, improve the means of production is also a major achievement.
Historical facts about Zhuge Liang
One, Wa Submission
Far away in 225 A.D., the Wa people living in the Hulun Wangdi tribe signed an alliance with Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu Han, to submit to the court of Shu Han, swearing to guard the border and never rebel. For 1700 years, the Wa people have been following this pact, and when the British army attacked the Banhong and Banlao areas in 1934, the Wa people remembered this pact, and the King of Banlao resisted by organizing the Wa armed forces, plowing oxen, and swearing allegiance to their most respected "A Zu A Gong"--Zhuge Liang. --Zhuge Liang. This is the famous "Banhong Incident".
The six ethnic minorities worshiped the "Tea Ancestor".
"Pu'er House Historical Monuments" records: the old rumor that Wuhou traveled six mountains, stayed in the gong in the Youle, copper trowel in the Mangzhi, buried iron bricks in the barbarians brick, left wooden bang in the Yibang, buried stirrups in the Gedeng, placed in the bag in the Man withdrawn, the solid to the name of its mountain. One of the six tea mountain called Kongming Mountain, the local people also tea tree called "Kongming tree", Zhuge Liang honored as "tea ancestor".
To this day, the Jinuo, Brown, Wa, Dai, Hani, Zhuang villages, every year in Zhuge Liang's birth anniversary of the day to hold a rally, called "Tea Ancestor will", enjoy the moon song and dance, put on the lanterns, worship Zhuge Liang.
Other records about Zhuge Liang
Eat melon to stay son
Xiangyang area had such a rule: into the watermelon garden, melon can eat full, melon can not be taken away. Legend has it that this "rule" was also left behind by Ge Liang.
Zhuge Liang's watermelons are big, sweet and sour. Whenever you come to Longzhong as a guest or pass by, you have to go to the melon garden to have a full stomach. The old farmers around him came to learn from him the experience of planting melons, and he told them without reservation that the melons should be planted on sandy soil, on hemp cake or fragrant oil feet. A lot of people came to ask him for watermelon seeds, because of the previous did not pay attention to save the melon seeds, many people had to go home disappointed. The next year, the watermelon again opened the garden, he inserted a sign on the ground, which reads, "Melon tube eat well, melon seeds left behind."
Zhuge Liang Sin, sun-dried melon seeds, and then distributed to nearby melon farmers. Now, the watermelon on the sandy land on both sides of the Han River, Jiajiahu, Changfengzhou, small Fanzhou is still famous, large, thin skin, taste sand sweet. Some places still abide by the old rule of "eating melon to stay".
George Liang captured Mengwu
George Liang captured Mengwu in seven places is located in today's Yunnan Province, Zhan Yi County. Zhuge Liang's southern expedition, seven captures and seven Meng Hou, pacified the South Central.
After the Battle of Yiling, Liu Bei died of grief. Taking advantage of this opportunity, Yizhou County (now the eastern part of Yunnan Province) Han powerhouse Yong loosened the back of Shu attached to Wu, inciting the county's minority leader Meng Yu and the surrounding counties to rebel. In order to stabilize the rear, Zhuge Liang, after thorough preparations, in the spring of 225 A.D., divided his army into three groups and marched into Nanzhong (present-day Yunnan, Guizhou and southwestern Sichuan, which is to the south of Ba Shu, hence the name Nanzhong). Zhuge Liang adopted the advice of Ma Su, "Attacking the heart is the top, attacking the city is the bottom; the heart of the war is the top, the military war is the bottom", and after killing the other rebel leaders, he crossed the Lushui River (the present-day Jinshajiang River, Sichuan, Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province, to the Jinyang section) in May, and captured Meng Yu in the Pandong (present-day Qujing, Yunnan Province, Luxi area).
Meng Huo in the local ethnic minorities and the Han people in particular high prestige, if he can make him happy to return to obedience, South China will be stabilized, Shu's worries will be lifted. Therefore, Zhuge Liang not only didn't kill Meng Yu, but also took him to visit the camp of Shu army, but Meng Yu said: "I hate that I didn't know your realities before, that's why I lost the battle. Now I am grateful to you for letting me see your battalion, if it was like this, it would be too easy to defeat you!" The Zhuge Liang listened to Meng Hou's words, knowing that he was not convinced in his heart, and immediately let him go back to fight again. In this way, he was captured again, captured again and again, and when he was captured for the seventh time, he still asked Meng to go back to reorganize his army to win the battle. At this time Meng Yu fell down in front of Zhuge Liang and said: "Mr. really powerful, we will never rebel again." When Zhuge Liang saw that Meng Hou was finally convinced, he recommended him to be an official in Chengdu, and also employed local people as officials. After that, during Zhuge Liang's lifetime, there were no more major disturbances in Nanzhong. Since then, Kong Ming is no longer worried about the southern barbarians and focus on dealing with Wei.
White Emperor City in Fengjie ---- Liu Bei, water eight array
White Emperor City is located in the Yangtze River Three Gorges, the first gorge Qutang Gorge. Located on the north side of Kui Men, choking the throat of Sichuan and E. As a military defense of the Baidi City, the area is very wide, the age is long. It was in the first century A.D. (the end of the Western Han Dynasty) when Gongsun Shu, who ruled over Shu and called himself "White Emperor", built a city here for defense. During the Three Kingdoms period, Liu Bei, the emperor of Shu Han, was defeated in the war against Wu and retreated to Baidi City, where he died of illness in Yongan Palace. Before his death, Liu Bei entrusted the affairs of the country (half of the country) and the affairs of his family (only the orphans were left alive) to the Prime Minister Zhuge Liang, which is known as "Liu Bei entrusted the orphans" in China. The existing Baidi Temple is a Qing Dynasty building, Mingliang Hall, Wuhou Ancestral Hall, the Hall of Orphans, Stargazer Pavilion, etc., which promote the historical celebrities related to "Orphanage" in many aspects.
Water eight array in Fengjie County, Sichuan Province, about six miles east of the north bank of the Yangtze River, it is said that Zhu Geliang had been in the dam stone from eight array, commonly known as "water eight array". Formation map, stone base vertical and horizontal eight rows, rows of bases between two feet apart, **** 64 bases.
Zhuge Liang and the Empty City Technique
Zhuge Liang's Empty City Technique can be found in the 95th episode of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which is titled "Ma Su's Refusal to Advise and Loss of the Street Pavilion, and Wuhou's Retirement of Zhongda by Playing the Qin"
Zhuge Liang's Empty City Technique did not appear in the Ming and Qing Dynasty's Romance of the Three Kingdoms, but instead appeared in the accompanying notes (Guo Chong San Xing) of the Three Kingdoms Chronicle, a history of the Three Kingdoms authored by Chen Shou.
The wisdom of Zhuge Liang
The wisdom of Zhuge Liang is mainly expressed in the following eight aspects:
First, not greedy for power.
He is a very important person, but not the pursuit of personal power, do not get the power is not enslaved by the power.
Two, he did not seek personal gain.
He lived on his salary and did not use his power for personal gain.
The Book of Commandments, he put forward strict requirements, "the gentleman's behavior, quiet to cultivate the body, frugality to cultivate morality, non-temperance is not to brighten the will, non-tranquility is not to achieve the distance ``````" He is to live in the world with the attitude of a calm and quiet life. He said to the later lord: "If the day of my death, do not make the internal surplus silk, external winnings, in order to negative your majesty also." He did die as he said.
Three, strict discipline.
The battle of Jie Ting, Ma Su violated the festival, resulting in defeat, but he took the initiative to take responsibility: self-depreciation of three ranks.
He issued a few advisories to encourage the generals to criticize their own faults and shortcomings. During his reign, if there was a mistake, he would never delegate it to others, but rather, he was self-reflective and self-disciplined. Although Li Yan and others were y culpable, he blamed himself and reviewed his own failures and deficiencies.
Four, know people well.
He was broad-minded, pure of heart, selected and reused a large number of talents.
The standard of his selection and use of people is both virtue and talent. He didn't care about rank and seniority, he used people out of character, and boldly awarded important posts and entrusted them with important responsibilities. He was originally a bookkeeper under Yang Hong, the governor of Shu County, and Yang Hong was also the governor of Gandhara County, Li Yan, a minor official of the Cao, He and Yang were successively promoted by Zhu Geliang to the governor and Li Yan in the same line. This is why he has been praised as "the Western scholar who is convinced that Zhuge Liang can do all the work of the people of the time.
When Zhuge Liang served as the Minister of Shu, he built the Recruitment Platform in the southern suburb of Chengdu in order to recruit talented people. After Liu Bei's death, he reused a number of outstanding talents. Such as Jiang Wan, Li Shao, Ma Xun, Zong Pre, Du Wei, Ma Zhong, Qin Mi, Dong Yun and so on, this move was praised by the people of the time as "virtue".
In the "Former Division Table", he started from the principle of "pro-virtuous ministers, far from the small man", to the rear of the Lord solemnly recommended Dong Yun, to the favor, etc., the heart of the fairness and purity of the real rare. Zhuge Liang reused civil and military officers, both the Jingchu, and Shu personnel, both Liu Zhang's old department, but also the Wei will be, without the disadvantages of the party, the "five lakes under the sea" to accommodate all the mind, united the vast majority of people.
At that time, there is such a saying: "everything has done good, even if you and Zhuge Liang do not know, Zhuge Liang know will reward you; everything has done bad, even if you and Zhuge Liang is a relative, Zhuge Liang will also punish you". Zhuge Liang is so strict law enforcement, reward and punishment.
Fifth, treat people with humility.
If Zhuge Liang with the then famous Kong Rong, You Heng and others compared, obviously the latter's reputation is not comparable, even with the talent of Zhou Yu, Lu Su, Sima Yi compared to slightly higher. Zhuge Liang selfless and fearless, modest and prudent, thoughtful, far-sighted, good at the long, melted in the bold.
Sixth, the rule of Shu has a recipe.
Zhuge Liang's rule of Shu criminal law is quite strict, he and Fazheng and other people to develop the code "Shu Section", but also proposed, "eight services", "seven precepts", "six fears", "five fears" and other sections.
Zhuge Liang promoted the development of agriculture in Shu. He attached great importance to the Dujiangyan water conservancy project, the creation of the "weir officer" dedicated management, the use of agriculture to support the war, the combination of farming and warfare policy, to solve the problem of military food. Zhuge Liang was also very concerned about handicrafts, restored the salt and iron franchise, and personally visited the site to inspect the use of natural gas to cook salt. And the city set up "Jin Guan", specializing in management. Later generations called Chengdu "Jin Guan City", that is the source of this. Zhuge Liang said: "Now the people are trapped in the country is weak, the enemy's capital, but rely on the brocade ear."
As Zhuge Liang is not only from the perspective of the war to promote the development of production, and more importantly, from the stabilization of people's lives in order to formulate policies for the development of production, and the result of the Shu Shu is "open fields and fields, real granaries, equipment, storage," a prosperous and stable scene.
Seven, diligence for the people.
Zhuge Liang is a hero who knows what he cannot do. He believed in the idea of "making things happen in heaven, and planning things in people. In the Longzhong Pairing, he said, "Not only is it the time of the day, but it is also the people's plan. This belief throughout Zhuge Liang's life, he is down-to-earth, conscientious, everything must be personally, after being appointed, worry all the time, revitalization of Shu Han, unification of China.
VIII. A high spirit and integrity.
Zhuge Liang is not proud of his achievements and does not pursue excessive fame and privilege. Li Yan for had encouraged Zhuge Liang to add nine tin, knighthood king. Zhuge Liang was not moved, and refused: "This is not effective in the discussion of thieves, not answered by the confidant, and the party favors Qiting, sitting since the noble big, not its righteousness. If the annihilation of Wei Chop Rui, but also the former residence, and the sons and ascension, although ten life can be accepted, not to mention the nine evils!"
The rise and fall of the country is higher than personal honor and disgrace, not confused by power and desire, not tired of fame and fortune. His loyalty and devotion to his friends is a model for Chinese loyal officials of all times.
In summary, Zhuge Liang to repay Liu Bei's "kindness", exhaustion, auxiliary Liu Bei restoration of the Han dynasty, bow and exhaustion, death and after himself. He gave full play to his ingenuity, put forward "across the Jing, Yi", "West and the Rong", "South and Yi Yue", "external good Sun Quan "He used both Confucianism and law to rule the country by the rule of law. He used Confucianism and law to rule the country, enforced the law strictly, and made a clear distinction between rewards and punishments; he emphasized the use of talents and appointed the best people; he assessed the current situation and constantly adjusted his domestic and foreign policies; he attached importance to the agricultural life, appeased the exiles, lightened the corvée, and developed the social economy; he personally led the army on the Northern Expedition, innovated the weapons and equipment, and invented the Kongming lanterns and the Wooden Cow and Quicksilver Horses, etc. He was also the first person to be awarded the title of "The Best Man in the World" in China. His life was full of wisdom, and he became the embodiment of wisdom for all Chinese dynasties.
In fact, Zhuge Liang was not as smart as in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Luo Guanzhong just deified him.