A, Asia
Japan:
Tokyo National Museum, Japan's largest museum. Tokyo National Museum has a "Oriental Museum", the entire second floor of the five rooms are displayed in the ancient Chinese art, many of which are ceramics, from the original colored pottery to the Tang and Song dynasty ceramics, and so on, everything. For example, the museum collection of ancient Jianjian, produced in Fujian Jianyang City, is the treasure of the museum. In terms of oracle bone pieces, Japan is the largest collection of countries, in the loss of nearly 30,000 pieces of oracle bone pieces overseas, Japan has nearly 13,000 pieces. The museum's more than 90,000 pieces of collections, including tens of thousands of Chinese cultural relics, from the Neolithic era of Liangzhu culture jade, Tang, Song and Yuan porcelain, down to the Qing dynasty porcelain calligraphy and painting, can be said to be all inclusive. Ma Yuan's. Cave mountain crossing the water picture. Cold river fishing alone ". Liang Kai's. Landscape with Snow. Li Bai Walking and Chanting. The Sixth Patriarch Cutting Bamboo. Li Di. Red and White Hibiscus. All of them are masterpieces of the world. In addition, thousands of museums all over Japan have Chinese artifacts in their collections, and the number of treasures is countless, estimated to be in the hundreds of thousands of pieces.
According to . Japanese invasion of China on the destruction of cultural relics . A Book . Introduction, after the war, Japan returned part of the wartime looting of cultural relics, more than 158,000 cars, of which more than 2,000 pieces are more valuable, but this is only a small part. Since then due to a variety of factors our country did not continue to recover. ...
It is worth mentioning that the Tokyo National Museum has organized "Chinese ceramics unearthed in Japan" exhibition. Is the whole of Japan unearthed Chinese ceramics, not only complete objects, including pottery, collected from all over the country, brought together after the exhibition, caused great interest. Among them, there are Yue kiln, Longquan kiln, Jingdezhen kiln, Jian kiln porcelain.
Kyoto National Museum's main hall, mainly for the organization of various thematic exhibitions. The museum's collection of more than 10,000 pieces of valuable cultural relics, regularly rotating station out, on display. The Kyoto National Museum itself is also a national important cultural relics protection unit in Japan. A large number of Longquan celadons are on display. Inscribed with the word "Gu" of the Ming Dynasty, the famous Longquan master craftsman Gu Shicheng a diameter of about 4 inches and 5 minutes of the bowl, on the collection of the National Museum in Tokyo.
The Horyuji Temple in Nara City, Japan, has a four-eared celadon pot from the Yuezhou kilns of the Tang Dynasty that is 8 inches and 7 minutes high and 4 inches and 5 minutes in diameter, and was once used by the emperor. When this rare treasure was put on public display at the Nara City Museum in 1939, crowds of people went to see it.
Iran: Iran's A special temple in Iran's ancient capital of Tabriz, east of the town of Adebir. 1611 had been precious more than 1,600 pieces of Chinese ceramics dedicated to the temple, is now returned to the collection of Tehran Museum of Archaeology, there are still 8O5 pieces. In addition to the collection of Yuan blue and white heavy ware amounted to more than 20 pieces, there are still the Northern Song Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty, Yuan Longquan porcelain, Jingdezhen printed white glaze small footed ware, blue, yellow, sauce glaze and various periods of blue and white porcelain, Doo Cai porcelain, pastel porcelain and so on. It is a world-renowned museum.
Turkey: Topkapi Palace collection of ceramics about 10,000 pieces. Most of them are made in China, only the Zhejiang Yuan Longquan celadon has more than 1,500 pieces. Among them are large plates, dishes, bowls and other vessels of exceptionally fine quality, but also large jars. There are about 4,000 pieces of porcelain from the Qing dynasty. The complete to Zheng type of Yuan blue and white heavy wares are few in the world, and it is said that the total **** is only about 300 pieces, but here alone there is a concentration of more than 8O pieces. These collections in the yuan blue and white faceted 40 pieces, its shape is large, full body painting, color and lustre, the world's largest, rare for domestic excavations. Such as 80 centimeters of gourd bottle there are two. The Yuan blue and white ware hidden here has a kind of shocking power, when you see it for the first time will be forced to move back. These Yuan blue and white wares range from twining peonies, dragons, phoenixes and unicorns to "Xiao He chasing Han Xin under the moon" and "Zhao Jun going out of the plug" ...... Yuan blue and white wares are all over the place. The museum has become the world's largest collection of complete blue and white porcelain from the Yuan Dynasty in China.
Philippines:
Three museums, including Santos, Roxin and Robert Villanoc, have about 70,000 pieces of Chinese porcelain in their collections. Filipinos have always treasured Chinese porcelain, it is said that only in the festival, will be buried in the ground out of the porcelain to use, use and then buried deep underground, so most of the unearthed porcelain is intact; varieties of Yue kiln system of incised celadon; Longquan kiln incised plate, evening, vases, wine pots, etc.; Fujian Quanzhou, Dehua incised blue and white porcelain, green and white brown spot porcelain, as well as Fujian's Jianzhan. Yuan Dynasty porcelain excavated in the largest number, mainly Jingdezhen products, blue and white porcelain, blue and red glazed porcelain and other varieties.
Indonesia:
Jakarta Museum collection of more than 500O pieces of ceramic collection, the vast majority of China's Han Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty products, which are collected from all over Indonesia. In Southeast Asian countries museums in the Ming Dynasty ceramics, the Jakarta Museum is second to none. Among them are the Ming Dynasty doucai, three colors, five colors, white on blue porcelain, the type of writing "gold and jade full of four words," the surplus feet of large bowls, but also figure painted ladies vivid Wanli five-color Dazhong. There are books in Arabic text of white blue and white dish, plate painted double dragon towards the sun, followed by five fire clouds running horse, the edge of the painting Arab story. There is the book of Arabic script three color plate, which is the end of the yuan and early Ming dynasty kiln products of Dehua. There is also the book of Arabic characters in white blue and white bowl, the bottom of the bowl, "Chenghua years of production" mark, is also a product of the Dehua kiln firing.
Malaysia:
Kuala Lumpur National Museum collection of Chinese porcelain of the Ming Dynasty, most of the products of Jingdezhen. For example, a 12-inch plate, painted with sunflower, ruyi, eight treasures, periwinkle, and plum magpies on the side, the bottom of the seal script "rich and noble good ware". An 8-inch Kangxi medium-sized dish, painted inside with a landscape scene, with birds and water plants on the sides, and plums and magpies on the outside; encircled by a band of money, and with twining branches of flowers on the outside. A 5-inch medium bowl, painted with landscapes and birds on the side, inscribed in clerical script, Da Ming Jiajing nian zhi (Made during the Jiajing period of the Ming dynasty). A small 4-inch Kangxi bowl, painted inside with mandarin ducks and water plants, with lotus flowers, water plants, and water birds on the side, the exterior sweet white, the foot inscribed in seal script with the character fu. It is the area where the most Chinese porcelain is known to have been excavated.
Sarawak museum collection of excavated ceramic specimens more than 1 million pieces. Among them are celadon, blue and white porcelain and white porcelain from kilns in Dehua, Fujian and Anxi Metsao.
South Korea:
The Seoul Museum collects Chinese porcelains unearthed in South Korea, providing for the study of the influence brought by China on South Korean porcelain culture. It has a collection of more than 5,000 pieces of Chinese porcelain, including celadon, white porcelain and Tang Sancai, from the Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, among which the earliest Chinese white porcelain lamps and celadon sheep from the Jin Dynasty are the treasures of the collection. In addition, the Seoul Museum also has a certain number of Dunhuang books.
Pakistan:
Lahore Museum, the museum has a Chinese cultural relics showroom, exhibiting about 7O00 pieces of Chinese cultural relics, many of which are ceramics. Karachi National Museum also has a number of Chinese ceramics in its collection. Among them are the late Tang Dynasty Yuezhou kiln celadon water note and Changsha fired pottery with yellow-brown glaze. Lahore MuseumThe museum is currently the largest art museum in Pakistan.
Singapore:
Singapore National Museum collection of porcelain unearthed around the broken more than 3,000 thousand pieces. Celadon to Yue kiln celadon mainly, and have the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties Longquan kiln celadon. Qinghua is Jingdezhen products, there are about 30 pieces of high-footed porcelain pieces of the Ming dynasty Yongle, Xuande years.
Nanyang University Li Guangqian Museum of Cultural Relics collects and preserves a wealth of Chinese ceramics, including 80 mm high Song Dehua barrel-shaped white porcelain jar, 141 mm in diameter, Ming Dehua powder-painted white porcelain box, 46 mm in diameter, Ming Dehua printed white porcelain box, 119 mm high, Ming Dehua lion's head with two ears of white magnetic bottle. All are treasures in the collection.
Thailand:
The Bangkok Museum has a collection of more than 200 pieces of Chinese porcelain from the Ming Dynasty, for example, a large bowl of blue and white in the Daming Nianzhi style, a small red depicted jar with a gold decorative cover, and a small jar with a gold paste, etc. The museum has a collection of more than 200 pieces of Chinese porcelain from the Ming Dynasty. Especially unearthed green glazed sailing ship-shaped Ming ware, but also the study of China's shipbuilding history of valuable information.
Vietnam:
The Chinese ceramics collected by Hanoi Museum are mostly Longquan celadon and Jingdezhen blue and white porcelain. Especially in celadon, there are multi-mouthed jar-shaped celadon vases from the Northern Song Dynasty. Vases and large plates from the Yuan Dynasty are among the items, and the museum also has a collection of Chinese pottery from the Han Dynasty.
Sultan of Oman:
The Muscat Museum has a collection of more than 3,000 pieces of ancient Chinese porcelain. One of them, a Yuan blue and white porcelain with flying phoenix and peony pattern, is the town museum of Muscat's Old City Museum.
Iraq:
Baghdad Aniasidor Museum, the collection of Chinese ceramics more than 2,500 pieces, including precious Yuan blue and white, Song Dynasty Longquan kiln celadon and the Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty Longquan kiln celadon.
Two, Europe
France
Louvre , located in the center of Paris on the north bank of the Seine, is the heart of Paris. Its overall building is "U" shape, covering an area of 24 hectares, the building covers an area of 4.8 hectares, 680 meters long. In porcelain, to collect Asian art known as the French Jimei Museum collection of the best, the museum's porcelain from the earliest Chinese primitive porcelain has been to the Ming and Qing dynasty blue and white porcelain, all dynasties of major kilns of the famous products have, and most of them are fine. Dunhuang remains in our country only 20,000 pieces of domestic, accounting for only 30%, hidden in the French National Library in Paris has 6,000 pieces; the Louvre is the world's most famous, one of the largest art treasures, is the world's attention, the Hall of Art and the Palace of Treasures. 1793 August 10, the Louvre Museum of Art officially opened to the public, becoming a museum. The pyramid-shaped building at its entrance was designed by a Chinese designer. Since then, the collection here has grown, including works of art plundered by Napoleon. All in all, the number of works of art recorded in the catalog of the museum's collection today has reached as many as 400,000 pieces. , ranging from works of art from ancient Egypt, Greece, Etruria, and Rome, to works of art from Eastern countries. The collection of Chinese ceramics through the ages is about 40,000 pieces. Almost covers all periods of Chinese ceramics. Some of them are even rare in China, and there are still some for the orphaned. The Louvre has become a world-famous ceramics museum.
The Bibliothèque Nationale de Paris collection of Yuanmingyuan art treasures are: by the Qing dynasty court painter Shen Yuan and Tang Dai **** with the drawing of silk. Forty Views of the Yuanmingyuan; court painter Shen Yuan and Sun You engraved woodcut; Forty Views of the Yuanmingyuan. Court painter Elantai produced Haiyan Hall and other Western building copperplate forty; Lang Shining painted to promote the Qianlong emperor's martial arts. Gedeng Era hacking camp". As well as. Yuanmingyuan chrysanthemum labyrinth. etc.. Part of Forty Scenes in the Yuanmingyuan. Museum of the Orient, Paris. Xue Fucheng, a diplomat at the end of the Qing Dynasty, in his. Diary of the mission to Britain, France, Italy and Belgium. Recorded in the sixteenth year of the Guangxu (1890), he found in the Oriental Museum in Paris in the Chinese exhibition room, "there are two Yuanmingyuan jade seal. One said: 'Baohe Taihe', green jade square seal, slightly larger; one said 'Yuanmingyuan seal', white jade square seal, slightly smaller". Paris Jimei Museum . Museum of porcelain from China's earliest primitive porcelain has been to the Ming and Qing dynasty blue and white porcelain, each dynasty of the major kilns of the famous products are available, and many for the fine.... The museum also has a collection of Yuanmingyuan art treasures: Lang Shining painted. Portrait of Qianlong. The Qianlong Emperor 41 years old, seated, Qianlong standing beside two ministers, the characters are very charming, for China and European painting techniques combined masterpieces; Qianlong Hundred Flowers Porcelain Vase, gyroscopic, beautifully modeled, painting method is superior, the bottle on the different types of floral motifs, brilliant and colorful, thousands of purple and red, very beautiful, is the art treasures of the Qianlong era.
Fontainebleau, the original meaning of "blue spring", 90 kilometers southeast of Paris, surrounded by 2,500 hectares of forest, since ancient times here is a hunting, summer resort. During the reign of King Louis VI (around 1137 AD), palaces were first built here. After several generations of emperors continued to expand, Fontainebleau Palace is increasingly perfect and rich and luxurious up. The Chinese Pavilion in Fontainebleau was built by Queen Eugénie of the French Emperor Napoleon III. The reason for the construction is very simple, is to store the artifacts robbed from the Yuanmingyuan - after the British and French allied forces robbed the Yuanmingyuan in 1860, the commander of the French invasion of China, Montauban, the so-called trophies robbed from the Yuanmingyuan to Napoleon III and Queen Eugénie. There are also now more than 30,000 pieces of Chinese paintings, gold and silver jewelry, porcelain, incense burners, chimes, precious stones and gold and silverware in the collection.
Also the Guimet Museum in Paris, the collection of Chinese ceramics through the ages more than 10,000 pieces. Pottery from Gansu Neolithic colored pots, pottery barrels of the two Han Dynasty, the Northern Wei Dynasty riding figurines to the Tang Three-Color Ware and so on. Porcelain has the Jin Dynasty's dish-mouth vase, the North and South Dynasties' slag bucket, the Tang Dynasty's white glazed dish, the Song Dynasty's Brother Kiln wash. Jun kiln rose purple wash, flower pots, etc., the Yuan dynasty's blue and white flat pot is its best. Porcelain of the Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty blue and white porcelain is countless.
Britain:
The Britannica Museum (British Museum), on Russell Street in London, is smaller than the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, but also has a larger exhibition area than the Palace Museum. Originally a privately endowed library, in 1754 the purchase of the current site of the Montagu House for the Museum, first opened to the public in 1759. 1823 King George IV in the Montagu House on the site of the current Romanesque mansion, and donated many of the royal collection, which has become today's British Museum.
The collection of artifacts in the British Museum can be described as extensive, and the British Museum has the finest collection of Chinese paintings. It is a museum of world history. The birthplace of human civilization Babylon, India, China and Greece abound in precious relics. Chinese porcelain is in abundance. The Museum of Chinese Art, established with a donation of 1.25 million pounds by Mr. Tsui Chin Tong, a Hong Kong tycoon, houses a large collection of Chinese porcelain. Dunhuang treasure, and now Dunhuang books in our country only 20,000 pieces of domestic, accounting for only 30%; hidden in the Library of Great Britain Oriental Writing Department has 13,700 pieces. Hidden in the British library of the Ministry of Indian Affairs nearly 2,000 pieces of almost what China has what it has. Too powerful. Some exhibits are not even in our National Palace. Most of these things were looted by the Eight-Power Allied Forces. Half of the treasures of the Yuanmingyuan are hidden in the museum. The museum is probably the largest museum of Chinese ceramics outside of China, and in 1860, some of the artifacts taken by the British from the Yuanmingyuan were offered to the then Queen Victoria, while others were auctioned off. The Yuanmingyuan artifacts dedicated to the Queen are housed in the British Museum. Its collection is now close to 7 million pieces.
The collection of Chinese cultural relics in the British Museum includes, among others, bronzes, ceramics, paintings, jades and carvings, *** counting more than 23,000 pieces, many of which are rare and isolated. For example, the Qing dynasty emperor Qianlong's beloved collection, the eastern Jin dynasty Gu Kaizhi, "the lady of the house" Tang dynasty copy is the most striking, and the exquisite Shang Zhou bronzes and the last century by the Stein (referred to as the "Dunhuang treasure theft first person") brought a large number of Dunhuang cultural relics to the United Kingdom, but also is extremely important treasures. Gu Kaizhi "female history" partial painting and calligraphy: Gu Kaizhi "female history" copy of the Tang dynasty, Li Si Xun "green landscape", Ju Ran "Mao forests," Li Gonglin "Huayan change of phase", Fan Kuan "with the zither to visit a friend", Yan Wengui "group of peaks and clearing up the snow", Su Shi "ink bamboo", Ma Yuan "landscape and then traveled to the figure", and so on. Bronzes: Shang Shuang Yang Zun, Western Zhou Kang Hou Gui, Xing Hou Gui, etc.
British Library of China's precious documents and ancient books more than 60,000 kinds, including the earliest version of China's Polarized Buddhist scriptures, "Yongle Daxian"; 45 volumes and oracle bone fragments, bamboo slips, engraved ancient books, Dunhuang collection of scriptures (including engraved and printed the "Vajra Sutra" and maps. Fontainebleau Palace in France in the Western museums, collections and exhibitions of the Yuanmingyuan treasures most of the best to France's Fontainebleau Palace, Palace of China Museum can be said to be the Yuanmingyuan in the West's reproduction. Britain's Victoria Museum and Cambridge, Oxford, Preston, Edinburgh and other museums only collection of Fujian Dehua porcelain has nearly 300 pieces, of which the Victoria Museum has 60 pieces.
London Victoria - Albert Museum in the British Museum collection of Mr. Peel in December 10, 1731 in Guangzhou signed the shipment order of Chinese porcelain. The consignment note contains about 25O celadon dishes in 100 different styles; about 450 pieces of porcelain decorated with the rose-glazed family coat of arms as requested by the ordering party. Also included are vases, coffee pots, large bowls, etc.
GERMANY:
A Chinese celadon bowl in the collection of the Kasserlund Museum, with the heraldic motif of the Counts of Kaserenberg (1435 - 1455), is the earliest surviving dated Chinese Ming dynasty porcelain in Europe, and was an heirloom of the family for centuries.
The 12 Chinese blue and white vases in the Dresden Museum's collection also have a curious story: In April 1757, August II, the Elector of Saxony, was a great collector of Chinese porcelain and envied the collection of Chinese porcelain by the consort of his neighbor, King Wilhelm of Prussia. King William also liked big, strong soldiers. So Auguste sent people to lobby for his four teams of close guards in exchange for 12 large blue and white vases of William's consort. Thus these vases were also known as the Konban vases.
RUSSIA:
The Hermitage is one of the largest and oldest museums in the world. The palace was designed by the famous architect Rastrelli. Just like other famous palaces in the history of mankind, the palace has been much robbed since its construction. First built between 1754 and 1762, the Hermitage was destroyed by fire in 1837, rebuilt between 1838 and 1839, damaged again during the Second World War, and carefully restored after the war. Palace **** has three floors, about 230 meters long, 140 meters wide, 22 meters high, into a closed rectangle, covering an area of 90,000 square meters, building area of more than 46,000 square meters. The four sides of the Winter Palace are distinctive, but the interior design and decorative style is strictly uniform. Quadrangular building palace inside the inner courtyard, three directions respectively towards the Palace Square, the Naval Command, the Neva River, the fourth side of the connection to the small Ermitazh Palace. *** There are nearly 5,000 pieces of Chinese ceramic treasures of various periods, basically reflecting the general picture of the development of Chinese ceramic craft. Many of these treasures were looted from China by Tsarist Russia and thus the collection of the museum is exceptionally rich. Such as Dunhuang books in our country only 20,000 pieces of domestic, accounting for only 30%, and hidden in the Russian Institute of Asian Nationalities in St. Petersburg, there are 12,000 pieces, most of which are rare books. The second outside, the national treasure of tomorrow's acupuncture bronze man is also looted by the Tsarist Russia from our National Palace.
Sweden:
The Oriental Museum collection has in the West counted the most complete best Chinese Neolithic pottery. This is because the Swedish geologist and archaeologist Ante served as China's Beiyang government Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce mining adviser, the Chinese government asked him to the newly discovered Yangshao culture sites and Zhoukoudian ancient teeth and other antiquities specimens brought to Sweden to identify, study, determine the teeth belong to the Chinese apes 50,000 years ago. Bring to identify the unearthed pottery by the Chinese government as a gift to Sweden. Together with the later successive collection, the collection includes the Miaodigou, Majiayao, QiJiaping, Martin, XinDian, Hanshan and other places unearthed on behalf of the Neolithic several important cultural period of the typical appearance of various types of colored pottery, gray pottery, black pottery works this year is the 80th anniversary of the Palace Museum, is also China and Sweden, the 55th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations, Sweden sent to Crown Prince Princess Victoria as the head of the delegation to visit China, and carefully planned, selected 165 pieces of Chinese porcelain salvaged from the shipwreck "Gothenburg" on the visit to China, and exhibited in the National Palace.
This batch of porcelain on September 9, 05 to Beijing, in London, an international insurance company, the insurance amount of about 25 million yuan, which in the art insurance is second to none. On September 26, 2005 onwards, "Sweden Tibetan Chinese ceramics exhibition". Exhibition of 181 pieces (sets) of cultural relics, 165 pieces are salvaged. The rest of the porcelain is Sweden's museums collection of Chinese export porcelain. December 26 after the end of the exhibition, "pastel peacock and peony soup tureen", "black gold flowers bowl", "pastel gold sailing boat pattern plate " and other 18 pieces of exquisite porcelain, will be one of the sponsors of the exhibition - Volvo donated free of charge to the Palace Museum permanent collection, the total value of 500,000 yuan, reflecting the traditional friendship between the people of China and Switzerland.
The Oriental Museum also has a collection of hundreds of figurines from the Warring States period to the Ming Dynasty, the largest of which is more than 1 meter tall. The museum's collection of Tang Sancai works are also many, there are officials, merchants, horsemen, courtesans, dancers and the image of the Hu people, to the female figurines for the most, as well as dynamic and unusually vivid image of horses and camels. Its collection of ceramic masterpieces, the exhibition hall is also a series of display by age, from the Han Dynasty lead-glazed pots, tripods, figurines, Tang Sancai and other types of medieval, to the four great kilns of ancient China's boutique, Sweden's Qing Dynasty in China burned more than 200,000 sets of porcelain. Among them, 30,000 sets have Swedish noble family micro. These porcelains, many of which are collected in the museum.
Sweden Gothenburg Museum of History collection of China's late Ming and early Qing dynasty Jingdezhen export porcelain. Sub heraldic porcelain, figure painting porcelain, ship figure flower figure several categories. Export porcelain flowers are copied from the European flower painter's work. 2006 Swedish antique sailing ship Gothenburg visited Guangzhou, Shanghai and other cities.
Portugal:
Lisbon museum collection printed Manuel I coat of arms of the Chinese production of blue and white is not much, but a lot of fine.
BELGIUM:
The Royal Museum of Art and History in Brussels houses some fine porcelain plates.
Denmark:
Copenhagen museum in the collection of China's Fujian Dehua porcelain alone has 26 pieces, some of which are Kangxi blue and white porcelain.
Norway:
The Oslo Museum has a collection of about ten pieces of Dehua porcelain from Fujian, China.
Poland:
Warsaw national museum far east collection of Chinese ceramics **** about 5OO pieces.
Three, Africa
Kenya:
Jesselsburg Museum collection of many ancient Chinese porcelain excavated from all over Kenya, amounting to 200 pieces. Among them, there are more Ming Dynasty porcelains. For example, entwined lotus flower pattern bowl, autumn geese flower and grass pattern bowl, tower pavilion stone pattern bowl, yang yang lotus pond bowl, etc. are China's products of the Ming Dynasty, and nearly 100 pieces of porcelain from the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty.
Egypt:
The Cairo Museum has 12,000 pieces of Chinese ceramic fragments. These fragments include Tang to early Song Yue kiln system celadon, Tang to white porcelain, Song and Yuan Longquan celadon, Yuan blue and white porcelain, as well as Ming and Qing dynasty blue and white colored porcelain, as well as the Tang three colors.
Morocco:
The Fez Museum has six square pieces of painted Chinese Ming Dynasty five-color porcelain.
Four, North America
United States
The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, the United States is the largest museum, built in 1880, the entire museum is a mansion, covering an area of 8 hectares, for the Palace Museum in Beijing, 1/9, but the exhibition area is very large, not less than 24 hectares, but instead of the Palace Museum twice. There are more than 200 galleries alone, housing 365,000 artifacts and works of art of all kinds. New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art backed by New York's Central Park, downtown, quiet, elegant environment. However, the architecture does not reflect the creativity of the Americans, high steps, large corridors and columns, and any standard museum as stereotypical, monotonous. The exhibits, however, are colorful and reflect the well-funded, grandiose American style. The entire 2,460-year-old Egyptian tomb moved in the hall built specifically for the giant glass enclosure, breathtaking, can be called the treasure of the town. Considered the most scientifically and technologically advanced country in the United States, the strong interest in ancient Chinese architecture and art is really thought-provoking. Perhaps because of the short history of the United States, the museum organizers are not satisfied with the display of a single exhibit, but to take full advantage of the strong financial resources to create a number of different styles of environment to make people nostalgic.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art has a huge exhibition area, but it is difficult to claim to be at the top of the list in terms of art. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, the collection of ancient ceramics of Dehua, China, there are more than 8O pieces, including the early porcelain sculpture of Dharma elephant works of the famous Dehua ceramic sculptor He Chaozong.
The museum's collection of Kangxi Jade Ruyi, one of the Yuanmingyuan's scattered art treasures. It is carved from a piece of precious white jade, nearly half a meter long, white and green, was carved into the shape of porous fungi. The top of the handle has "imperial" two big words, the lower part of the inscription: "wishing repeated years of abundance, the world salty as desired. I, Wu Jing Gong into". When it was seized by the British and French allied forces, it was then sold at auction in Paris, and finally in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Boston Museum of Fine Arts. Known worldwide for its Oriental artwork, the museum now has a collection of more than 5,000 Chinese and Japanese paintings. Among them are a considerable number of famous paintings from the Song and Yuan periods, such as the well-preserved Tang Zhang Xuan. The Painting of Pounding Practice, Song Dynasty copy, Song Huizong; The Five-Colored Parrot; Zhang Xuan; The Painting of Pounding Practice Cleveland Museum of Art . The main Yuanmingyuan artworks in the collection include: painted by Lang Shining . Portrait of the Qianlong Emperor and Empress and Eleven Consorts, a painting of the youthful Qianlong Emperor in a heroic and lifelike manner. The painting was only seen by Qianlong three times - when it was painted, at the age of 70 and on the occasion of his abdication.
The Museum of Fine Arts, Chicago's Oriental Department is noted for its collection of Chinese bronzes. The most striking piece is a Warring States Tiliang Meng. San Francisco Asian Art Museum This is a museum that focuses on the collection of Asian artifacts, especially Chinese artifacts. The ceramics department has more than 2,000 pieces, beginning with the Neolithic period and ending with the Qing Dynasty. Jade Department has more than 1,200 pieces, for the world's richest collection of Chinese jade museum. The bronze department has about 800 pieces. The Minneapolis Auckland Center for the Arts has a Qianlong jade shanzi in its collection, originally from the Yuanmingyuan. This is a green and white jade that radiates a cool gray-green luster and was carved in the forty-ninth year of the Qianlong reign (A.D. 1784) into a jade mountain with peaks and valleys. The cliff reveals pavilions and pavilions below, with several groups of figures in relief on the paths and ridges below, and a pond surrounded by lilies in front of the house, which is extremely spectacular and delicate. On top of the cliff, there is also an engraving of the Qianlong Emperor's imperial brush copying Wang Xizhi's. One of the galleries in the Museum of Practical Art in Bergen, Norway, houses several thousand Chinese artifacts, which were donated only by the Norwegian Müntze, who came to China in 1887 to serve in the Chinese Customs Department, and later served as Yuan Shikai's cavalry chief, chief of staff and in many other capacities. Müntze lived in China for more than fifty years and collected more than two and a half thousand Chinese artifacts. The most unusual part of the collection is the stone carvings of the Yuanmingyuan. In the entire showroom on the first floor, almost all of them are beautifully carved stone elements of the Yuanmingyuan architecture, including broken column bases, balustrades, watchtowers, and stone statues, and on the wall of the hall hangs a copperplate of the Haiyantang of the Yuanmingyuan, which is printed on a white cloth. From the above can also recognize part of the original location of the stone carving. This exhibition hall is named "Yuanmingyuan Exhibition Hall". The Metropolitan Museum of Art has nearly 500 Chinese paintings in its collection.
The Freer Gallery in Washington, D.C., is a museum dedicated to ancient Oriental art. The museum has a large collection of ancient Chinese ceramics. One of the world-famous pieces of white pottery from the Shang Dynasty has fine pottery and delicate decoration. There are only fragments of white pottery from the Shang Dynasty left in China. This piece is the only complete vessel that has been dispersed overseas.
There are more than 1,200 ancient Chinese paintings in the collection of the Freer Museum in Washington. The U.S. **** collection has more than 3,000 kinds of Chinese ancient books and more than 2,000 kinds of genealogies.
There is a Chinese porcelain plate in the collection of the Maritime Museum in Salem. About the origin of this precious Chinese porcelain plate is this: the early 19th century, Salem's "Salem's Friendship" in all the U.S. ships in the first place. The ship, built in 1815, was known worldwide for its fast sailing, despite its small tonnage. It sailed to Canton. An American artist painted a watercolor of the ship. About 1820, Guangzhou porcelain painter according to this watercolor painting in a diameter of ten inches on a porcelain plate also depicted the ship, written on the ship's English name, the distance also appears vaguely three small boats, apparently the use of perspective techniques of Western painting. Now, this porcelain plate has become a study of the United States in the 18th and 19th centuries navigation, Far East trade, shipbuilding, painting and other aspects of the valuable information.